4 - Mediation between Linguistic Hegemony and Periphery Languages in the Nobel Prize for Literature
Corresponding Author(s) : Wendo Nabea
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 19 No 2 (2021): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
Cet article étudie le prix Nobel de littérature comme une incarnation de l’hégémonie occidentale, malgré sa dimension universelle. Il démontre que le prix est prestigieux et canonise des œuvres littéraires sélectionnées comme quintessence, tout en offrant des avantages sociaux et économiques aux auteurs. Cependant, l’article soutient qu’en dehors de la qualité, des considérations idéologiques et géopolitiques sont, chaque année, prises en compte par l’Académie suédoise pour désigner le gagnant, le critère principal étant la langue d’écriture. L’article démontre que les œuvres littéraires susceptibles de gagner sont généralement celles écrites dans les langues dominantes des métropoles, notamment l’anglais. Cette situation a, en outre, jeté le doute sur les chances de gagner d’écrivains qui utilisent des langues marginales, par exemple les langues nationales africaines, étant donné que même les traductions ont tendance à déformer les textes de la langue source. L’article affirme que le prix Nobel incarne l’hégémonie, la langue constituant un élément-clé. S’appuyant sur la théorie postcoloniale, l’article démontre comment les écrivains utilisent les langues marginales pour faire face à l’hégémonie linguistique par l’appropriation, l’abrogation et l’évolution des argots. L’article affirme que l’Académie suédoise doit repenser la question de la langue lors de l’attribution du prix Nobel de littérature, au risque d’être supplantée et cloisonnée lorsque les utilisateurs de langues mineures négocient avec elle.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Ahluwalia, A., 2001, Politics and Postcolonial Theory: African Inflections, London: Routledge.
- Achebe, C., 1989, ‘The Politics and Politicians of Language in Africa’, in Killam, D., ed., FILLM Proceedings, Ontario: University of Guelph, pp. 268–271.
- Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. and Tiffin, H., 1989, The Empire Writes Back, London: Routledge."
- Bamgbose, A., 1999, Language and Exclusion – The Consequences of Language Policies in Africa, London: Transaction Publishers.
- Bangha, I., 2010, ‘From 82-year-old Musicologist to Anti-imperialist Hero: Metamorphoses of the Hungarian Tagore in East Central Europe’, Asian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 57–70.
- Bisong, J., 1995, ‘Language Choice and Cultural Imperialism: A Nigerian Perspective’, Oxford University Press, ELT Journal, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 122–132. Chinaculture, 2017, ‘Secrets of the Nobel Prize in Literature’. (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2017-11/22/content_34845166.htm). 15 June 2021.
- Carlucci, A., 2013, Gramsci and Language: Unification, Diversity, Hegemony, Leiden: Brill.
- Gokalp, E., 2010, Pride and Anger: Ohan Pamuk’s Nobel Prize and Discourse of Nation- alism, Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 171–190.
- Jäger, G., 2010, Languages of the World, University of Tubingen.
- Ives, P., 2004. Language and Hegemony in Gramsci, London: Pluto Press.
- Kiguru, D.W., 2016, ‘Prizing African Literature: Awards and Cultural Value’, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Stellenbosch.
- Klein, L., 2016, ‘A Dissonance of Discourses: Literary Theory, Ideology and Translation in Mo Yan and Chinese Literary Studies’, Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 170–197. (http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221929). 15 June 2021.
- Marc, V., 2003, ‘Classification of Authors by Literary Prestige’, Poetics, Vol. 31, No. 3, University of Groningen.
- Mazrui, A., and Mazrui, A., 1998, The Power of Babel, Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers.
- Nabea, W., 2009, Language Policy in Kenya: Negotiation with Hegemony, The Journal of Pan African Studies, Vol. 3, No.1, pp. 121–138.
- wa Thiong’o, N., 1986, Decolonising the Mind, Nairobi: Heinemann. wa Thiong’o, N., 1997, Writers in Politics, Nairobi: Heinemann.
- Phillipson, R., 1992, Linguistic Imperialism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Pardoe, S., 2000, ‘Respect and Pursuit of “Symmetry” in Researching Literacy and Student Writing’, in D. Barton, M. Hamilton and I. Roz, eds., Situated Literacies – Reading and Writing in Context, London: Routledge, pp. 149–166.
- Parks, T., and Wastberg, P., 2011, ‘Do We Need the Nobel? An Exchange’, The New York Review. (https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/12/22/do-we-need-nobel- exchange/) 15 June 2021.
- Ponzanesi, S., 2014, The Postcolonial Cultural Industry: Icons, Markets, Mythologies, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Poyner, J., 2009, J.M. Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship, Farhnam: Ashgate Publishing Company.
- Rollason, C., 2016, ‘No Complete Unknown – The Saga of Bob Dylan’s Literature Nobel’, The Grove –Working Papers on English Studies, Vol. 23, pp. 131–143.
- Urde, M., and Greyser, S., 2014, ‘The Nobel Prize: A “Heritage- Based” Brand- Oriented Network’, Harvard Business School Working Papers. (https://www. hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=47837). 15 June 2021.
- Statista, 2019, ‘Countries with the most Nobel Prize winners in Literature from 1901 to 2019, by winner’s nationality’. (https://www.statista.com/statistics/262898/ literature-nobel-prizes-awarded-by-nationality/). 20 June 2021
- Washbourne, R., 2016, ‘Translation, Littérisation, and the Nobel Prize for Literature’, TranscUlturAl, Vol. 8, No. 1 pp. 57–75. (https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/tc/index.php/TC/article/view/25405). 14 June 2021.
- Wellek, R., and Warren, A., 1984, Theory of Literature, (Third Edition), Harmond- sworth: Penguin.
- Worldatlas, 2017, ‘Countries With The Most Nobel Laureates In Literature’. (https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-the-most-nobel-laureates-in-literature.html). 15 June 2021.
Les références
Ahluwalia, A., 2001, Politics and Postcolonial Theory: African Inflections, London: Routledge.
Achebe, C., 1989, ‘The Politics and Politicians of Language in Africa’, in Killam, D., ed., FILLM Proceedings, Ontario: University of Guelph, pp. 268–271.
Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. and Tiffin, H., 1989, The Empire Writes Back, London: Routledge."
Bamgbose, A., 1999, Language and Exclusion – The Consequences of Language Policies in Africa, London: Transaction Publishers.
Bangha, I., 2010, ‘From 82-year-old Musicologist to Anti-imperialist Hero: Metamorphoses of the Hungarian Tagore in East Central Europe’, Asian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 57–70.
Bisong, J., 1995, ‘Language Choice and Cultural Imperialism: A Nigerian Perspective’, Oxford University Press, ELT Journal, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 122–132. Chinaculture, 2017, ‘Secrets of the Nobel Prize in Literature’. (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2017-11/22/content_34845166.htm). 15 June 2021.
Carlucci, A., 2013, Gramsci and Language: Unification, Diversity, Hegemony, Leiden: Brill.
Gokalp, E., 2010, Pride and Anger: Ohan Pamuk’s Nobel Prize and Discourse of Nation- alism, Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 171–190.
Jäger, G., 2010, Languages of the World, University of Tubingen.
Ives, P., 2004. Language and Hegemony in Gramsci, London: Pluto Press.
Kiguru, D.W., 2016, ‘Prizing African Literature: Awards and Cultural Value’, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Stellenbosch.
Klein, L., 2016, ‘A Dissonance of Discourses: Literary Theory, Ideology and Translation in Mo Yan and Chinese Literary Studies’, Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 170–197. (http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221929). 15 June 2021.
Marc, V., 2003, ‘Classification of Authors by Literary Prestige’, Poetics, Vol. 31, No. 3, University of Groningen.
Mazrui, A., and Mazrui, A., 1998, The Power of Babel, Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers.
Nabea, W., 2009, Language Policy in Kenya: Negotiation with Hegemony, The Journal of Pan African Studies, Vol. 3, No.1, pp. 121–138.
wa Thiong’o, N., 1986, Decolonising the Mind, Nairobi: Heinemann. wa Thiong’o, N., 1997, Writers in Politics, Nairobi: Heinemann.
Phillipson, R., 1992, Linguistic Imperialism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pardoe, S., 2000, ‘Respect and Pursuit of “Symmetry” in Researching Literacy and Student Writing’, in D. Barton, M. Hamilton and I. Roz, eds., Situated Literacies – Reading and Writing in Context, London: Routledge, pp. 149–166.
Parks, T., and Wastberg, P., 2011, ‘Do We Need the Nobel? An Exchange’, The New York Review. (https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/12/22/do-we-need-nobel- exchange/) 15 June 2021.
Ponzanesi, S., 2014, The Postcolonial Cultural Industry: Icons, Markets, Mythologies, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Poyner, J., 2009, J.M. Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship, Farhnam: Ashgate Publishing Company.
Rollason, C., 2016, ‘No Complete Unknown – The Saga of Bob Dylan’s Literature Nobel’, The Grove –Working Papers on English Studies, Vol. 23, pp. 131–143.
Urde, M., and Greyser, S., 2014, ‘The Nobel Prize: A “Heritage- Based” Brand- Oriented Network’, Harvard Business School Working Papers. (https://www. hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=47837). 15 June 2021.
Statista, 2019, ‘Countries with the most Nobel Prize winners in Literature from 1901 to 2019, by winner’s nationality’. (https://www.statista.com/statistics/262898/ literature-nobel-prizes-awarded-by-nationality/). 20 June 2021
Washbourne, R., 2016, ‘Translation, Littérisation, and the Nobel Prize for Literature’, TranscUlturAl, Vol. 8, No. 1 pp. 57–75. (https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/tc/index.php/TC/article/view/25405). 14 June 2021.
Wellek, R., and Warren, A., 1984, Theory of Literature, (Third Edition), Harmond- sworth: Penguin.
Worldatlas, 2017, ‘Countries With The Most Nobel Laureates In Literature’. (https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-the-most-nobel-laureates-in-literature.html). 15 June 2021.