7 - Exploring COVID-19 Lockdowns in Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana
Corresponding Author(s) : Tebogo Sebeelo
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 48 No 4 (2023): Afrique et développement
Résumé
La pandémie de coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) a eu des conséquences sans précédent sur le monde. Pour contenir le virus, les pays du monde entier ont dû mettre en œuvre des mesures de confinement et d’autres protocoles liés au Covid-19, dont la distanciation physique, le lavage fréquent des mains, le port de masques et la restriction des déplacements des personnes. Même si la littérature sur l’impact du Covid-19 émerge, la manière dont les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) ont géré le confinement reste encore relativement méconnue. En appliquant la théorie du nudge à trois études de cas – le Nigeria, l’Afrique du Sud et le Botswana – cet article explore la viabilité des confinements liés au Covid-19 en ASS. Les trois cas mettent en lumière la dynamique des confinements liés au Covid-19 dans différents contextes en ASS. Le document soutient que les confinements n’étaient pas adaptés pour des régions comme l’ASS, qui compte l’une des populations les plus pauvres du monde. Encourager les gens à des comportement dans le but de les protéger contre tout préjudice devrait, selon nous, se faire en tenant compte de leur contexte socio-économique. Plus important encore, il est nécessaire de décoloniser, d’adapter et de domestiquer les interventions de type occidental, comme les confinements liés au Covid-19, pour les adapter à différentes situations. À cette fin, le document fournit des informations essentielles sur l’expérience du confinement, avec certaines implications politiques pour les futures pandémies sur le continent africain et dans d’autres régions du Sud.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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Les références
Adebiyi, O.B., Roman, V.N., Chinyakata, R., and Balogun, V. Tolulope, 2021, The negative impacts of Covid-19 containment measures on South African families-overview and recommendations, The Open Public Health Journal, Vol. 14, pp. 233–238.
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Africa Renewal, 7 May 2020, Coronavirus updates and resources. https://www.un.org/africarenewal/news/coronavirus/new-who-estimates-190-000-people-could-die-covid-19-africa-if-not-controlled. Accessed 20 April 2022.
Afriyie, K.D., Asare, A.G., Amponsah, K.S., and Godman, B., 2020, 'Covid-19 pandemic in resource-poor countries: challenges, experiences and opportunities in Ghana', The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Vol. 14, No. 8, pp. 838–843.
Ajide, B.K., Ibrahim, L.R., and Alimi, Y.O., 2020, 'Estimating the impacts of lockdown on Covid-19 cases in Nigeria', Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Vol. 7, 100217, pp. 1–7.
Alobo, M., 2021, 'Strengthened health systems are needed to tackle Covid-19 in Africa', Nature Medicine, Vol. 27, pp. 1126–1127.
Binns, C., and Low, Y.W., 2017, 'Nobel prizes, nudge theory and public health', Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 632–634.
Block, E.W., 2020, 'A libertarian analysis of the Covid-19 pandemic', Journal of Libertarian Studies, Vol. 24, pp. 206–237.
Bowman, B., 2020, 'On the biopolitics of breathing: race, protests and state violence under the global threat of Covid-19', South African Journal of Psychology, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 312–315.
Breetzke, D.G., 2012, 'Understanding the magnitude and extent of crime in post- apartheid South Africa', Social Identities, Vol. 18, Issue 3, pp. 299–315.
Brown, M.S., Doom, R.J., Lechuga-Pena, S., Watamura, S.E., and Koppels, T., 2020, 'Stress and parenting during the global Covid-19 pandemic', Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 110, 104699, pp. 1–14.
Bulut, C., and Kato, Y., 2020, 'Epidemiology of Covid-19', Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 50, No. 9, Article 12.
Burki, T., 2021, 'Global vaccine inequity', The Lancet, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 922–923.
Business Tech., 2021, Over 400,000 people have been arrested for breaking South Africa’s Covid-19 rules. www.businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/481707/over-400000-people-have-been-arrested-for-breaking-south-africas-covid-19-rules/. Accessed 25 April 2022.
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Chirisa, I., Mutambisi, T., Chivenge, M., Mabaso, E., Matamanda, A.R., and Ncube, R., 2022, 'The urban penalty of Covid-19 lockdowns across the globe: manifestations and lessons for Anglophone sub-Saharan Africa', GeoJournal, Vol. 87, pp. 815–828.
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Dukhi, N., Mokhele, T., Parker, W., Ramlagan, S., Gaida, R., Mabaso, M., Moshabela, M., Zuma, K., and Reddy, P., 2021, 'Compliance with lockdown regulations during the Covid-19 pandemic in South Africa: Findings from an online survey', The Open Public Health Journal, Vol 14, pp. 45–55.
Dzawanda, B., Matsa, M., and Nicolau, M., 2021, 'Poverty on the rise: The impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on the informal sector in Gweru, Zimbabwe', International Social Science, Vol. 71, pp. 81–96.
Elebesunu, E.E., Oke, G.I., Adebisi, Y.A., and Nsofor, I.M., 2021, 'Covid-19 calls for health systems strengthening in Africa: A case of Nigeria', The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Vol. 36, Issue 6, pp. 2035–2043.
Ensaff, H., 2021, 'A nudge in the right direction: The role of food architecture in changing population’s diets', Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 195–206.
Eranga, O.I., 2020, 'Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria: Palliative measures and the politics of vulnerability', International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS, Vol. 9, Issue 22, pp. 220–222.
Farzanegan, R.M., Feizi, M., and Gholipour, H., 2021, 'Globalization and the outbreak of Covid-19: An empirical analysis', Journal of Risk and Financial Management, Vol. 14, No. 105: pp. 1–10.
Foad, M.G.C., Whitmarsh, L., Hanel, H.P. and Haddock, G., 2021, 'The limitations of polling data in understanding public support for Covid-19 lockdowns policies', Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 8, 210678, pp. 1–11.
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Greyling, T., Rossouw, S., and Adhikari, T., 2021, 'The good, the bad and the ugly of lockdowns during Covid-19', PLoS ONE, Vol. 16, No. 1, e0245546, pp. 1–18.
Haider, N., Osman, Y.A., Gadzekpo, A., Akipede, G.O., Asogun, D., Ansumana, R., Zumla, A., Kock, R., and McCoy, D., 2020, Lockdown measures in response to Covid-19 in nine sub-Saharan African countries, BMJ Global Health Vol. 5, Issue 10, pp. 1–10.
Houk, T., DiSilvestro, R., and Jensen, M., 2016, 'Smoke and mirrors: subverting rationality, positive freedom and their relevance to nudging and/or smoking policies', The American Journal of Bioethics, Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 20–22.
Iwuoha, C.V., and Aniche, T.E., 2020, 'Covid-19 lockdown and physical distancing policies are elitist: towards an indigenous (Afro-centred) approach to containing the pandemic in sub-urban slums in Nigeria', Local Environment, Vol. 25, No. 8, pp. 631–640.
Langa, M., and Leopeng, B.B., 2020, 'Covid-19: violent policing of black men during lockdown regulations in South Africa', African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 116–126.
Lee, D., Heo, K., Seo, Y., Ahn, H., Jung, K., Lee, S., and Choi, H., 2021, 'Flattening the curve on Covid-19: South Korea’s measures in tackling initial outbreak of coronavirus', American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 190, No. 4, pp. 496–505.
Lone, A., and Ahmad, A., 2020, 'Covid-19 pandemic-an African perspective', Emerging Microbes & Infections, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1300–1308.
Lytras, T., and Tsiodras, S., 2021, 'Lockdowns and the Covid-19 epidemic: What is the endgame?' Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 49, pp. 37–40.
Maholtra, N., and Kunal, S., 2020, ‘The catch-22 of the Covid-19 ‘lockdown’’, Advances in Respiratory Medicine, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 285–286.
Mandiyanike, D., and Moeti, O.O., 2021, ‘The implications of Covid-19 legislation on chronic ailments patients: perspectives from Botswana', Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 236–247.
Mbambo, B.S., and Agbola, B.S., 2020, 'The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in townships and lessons for urban spatial restructuring in South Africa', African Journal of Governance and Development, Vol. 9, Special Issue 1.1, pp. 329–350.
Mbazzi, F.B., Nalugya, R., Kawesa, E., Nimusiima, C., King, R., Van Hove, G., and Seeley, J., 2022, 'The impact of Covid-19 measures on children with disabilities and their families in Uganda', Disability and Society, Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 1173–1196.
Mboera, E.G.L., Akipede, O.G., Banerjee, A., Cuevas, L.E., Czypionka, T., Khan, M., Sheel, M., Sindao, C., and Urassa, M., 2020, 'Mitigating lockdown challenges in response to COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa', International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 96, pp. 308–310.
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Odigbo, B., Eze, F., and Odigbo, R., 2020, 'Covid-19 lockdown controls and human rights abuses: the social marketing implications', Emerald Open Research, Vol. 2, No. 45, pp. 1–18.
Odii, A, Ngwu, M.O., Aniakor, M.C., Owelle, I.C., Aniagboso, M.C., and Uzuanwu, O.W., 2020, 'Effect of Covid-19 lockdown on poor urban households in Nigeria: Where do we go from here?' Ianna Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 1–11.
Oginni, A.O., Amiola, A., Adelola, A., and Uchendu., U., 2020, 'A commentary on the Nigerian response to the Covid-19 pandemic', Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 553–556.
Onuoha, C.F., Ezirim, E.G., and Onuh, A.P., 2021, 'Extortionate policing and the futility of Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria: Insights from the South East Zone', African Security Review, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 451–472.
Ozili, P., 2020, 'Covid-19 in Africa: socioeconomic impact, policy response and opportunities', International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Vol. 42, No. 3 and 4, pp. 177–200.
Petticrew, M., Maani, N., Pettigrew, L., Rutter, H., and Van Schalkwyk, M.C., 2020, 'Dark nudges and sludge in big alcohol: Behavioral economics, cognitive biases and alcohol industry corporate social responsibility', The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 98, No. 4, pp. 1290–1328.
Robinson, A.J., and Acemoglu D., 2003, 'An African Success Story: Botswana', in Rodrik, D. ed., In search of prosperity: analytic narratives on economic growth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 80–119.
Rogerson, M.C., and Rogerson, M.J., 2020, 'Covid-19 tourism impacts in South Africa: Government and industry responses', GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 1083–1091.
Samboma, A.T., 2020, 'Vulnerability of children in Botswana during Covid-19', International Social Work, Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 807–810.
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