Numéro

Vol. 45 No 2 (2020): Afrique et développement

4 - ‘The State of the Continent is Good’: African ‘Foreigners’ and Foreign Direct Investment, Seen from Subimperial South Africa

https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v45i2.643
Patrick Bond
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-7898

Corresponding Author(s) : Patrick Bond

pbond@mail.ngo.za

Afrique et développement, Vol. 45 No 2 (2020): Afrique et développement

Résumé

Le perpétuel espoir des élites africaines d’une croissance portée par les exportations et fondée sur les produits miniers continue de souffrir des dures réalités économiques, politiques et aujourd’hui, climatiques et de santé publique. Dans ces contradictions, le confinement économique dû au COVID-19 a amplifié deux des aspects les plus difficiles des relations régionales et interethniques de l'Afrique du Sud : le désespoir accru de la classe ouvrière, les économies des townships ayant le plus pâti de la pandémie, et l'incapacité d'envoyer des fonds chez eux. De nouvelles dimensions ont émergé en 2020, par exemple, le trolling dans les médias sociaux, la traduction en lois de préjugés de ministres du gouvernement, et les manifestations devant les ambassades de pays africains à Pretoria, étaient, bien avant la COVID-19, des indications de l’exacerbation de l'hostilité locale envers les populations du continent, ce, au moment où Cyril Ramaphosa assumait la présidence de l'Union africaine. Les poussées xénophobes régulièrement observées à Johannesburg suggèrent que ce creuset d’entrepreneurs africains souffre de certaines des contradictions politico-économiques les plus extrêmes du continent. Cependant, contre le néolibéralisme pyramidal, il existe encore des antidotes qui émanent de la Banque africaine de développement et du Forum économique mondial-Afrique, dont certains sont potentiellement progressistes ; parmi eux, les manifestations sans précédent contre l’autoritarisme tenues dans au moins 18 pays. Mais la première étape consiste à reconnaître à quel point la rhétorique officielle, même celle d’élites africaines, s'écarte de la réalité.

Mots-clés

croissance portée par les exportations, matières premières minières COVID-19 xénophobie investissements directs étrangers Banque africaine de développement Forum économique mondial
[1]
Bond, P. 2020. 4 - ‘The State of the Continent is Good’: African ‘Foreigners’ and Foreign Direct Investment, Seen from Subimperial South Africa. Afrique et développement. 45, 2 (avr. 2020). DOI:https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v45i2.643.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Les références
  1. ACLED (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project) Database, 2019. Available online at http://www.acleddata.com/.
  2. AfDB (African Development Bank), 2019, Abidjan: African Economic Outlook 2019. Available online at https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/2019AEO/AEO_2019EN.pdf.
  3. Amin, S., 2018, Modern Imperialism, Monopoly Finance Capital, and Marx’s Law of Value. NewYork: Monthly Review Press.
  4. Amisi, B., Bond, P., Cele, N. and Ngwane, T., 2011, ‘Xenophobia and civil society’, Politikon, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 59–83.
  5. Atabong, B., 2020, ‘How social media is being exploited for South Africa’s long- standing xenophobia problem’, Quartz, 25 September. Available online at https://qz.com/africa/1909232/south-africa-s-xenophobia-protests-being-organized- on-twitter/.
  6. Barnes, J., Kaplinsky, R. and Morris, M., 2003, Industrial Policy in Developing Economies: Developing Dynamic Comparative Advantage in the South African Automobile Sector. Cape Town: Development Policy Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town.
  7. Bond, P., ed., 2005, Fanon’s Warning. Trenton: Africa World Press.
  8. Bond, P., 2006, Looting Africa. London: Zed Books.
  9. Bond, P., 2012, Politics of Climate Justice. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu- Natal Press.
  10. Bond, P., 2017a, ‘Sub-imperial Ecosystem Management in Africa: Continental Implications of South African Environmental Injustices.’ in R. Holifield, J. Chakraborty and G. Walker, eds., The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice, New York: Routledge. Available online at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781315678986/chapters/10.4324/9781315678986-46.
  11. Bond, P., 2017b, ‘WEF-Africa: A gathering of tyrants, corruption-riddled state firms and banksters,’ Business Day, 4 May. Available online at https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2017-05-04-wef-africa-a-gathering-of-tyrants-corruption-riddled-state-firmsand-banksters/?src=ilaw.
  12. Bond, P., 2018, ‘East-West/North-South or Imperial-Subimperial? The BRICS, Global Governance and Capital Accumulation’, Human Geography, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 1–18. Available online at https://hugeog.com/east-west-north-south-or-imperial-subimperial-the-brics-global-governance and-capital-accumulation/.
  13. Bond, P., 2019a, ‘BRICS Banking and the Demise of Alternatives to the IMF and World Bank’, in J. Puppim de Oliveira and Y. Jing, eds., International Development Assistance and the BRICS. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 189–218. Available online at https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book /9789813296435.
  14. Bond, P., 2019b, ‘Neoliberal Liberalism – African Authoritarianism – Disorganized Dissent’, Research in Political Economy, Vol. 35, pp. 89–116. Available online at, https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S0161-723020190000034007/full/html.
  15. Bond, P., 2019c, ‘International Influences on South African Governance’, in D. Everatt, ed., Governance and the Postcolony, Johannesburg: Wits University Press, pp. 82–98. Available online at http://witspress.co.za/catalogue/governance-and- the-postcolony/.
  16. Bond, P., 2020a, ‘Luxemburg’s Resonances in South Africa’, in D. Cornell and J. Gordon, eds., Creolizing Luxemburg. London, Rowman Littlefield International. Available online at https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786614421/Creolizing-Rosa-Luxemburg.
  17. Bond, P., 2020b, ‘South African Natural Resource Conflicts in Central Africa,’ Online lecture series. Available online at https://vimeo.com/443410383.
  18. Bond P. and Malikane, C., 2019, ‘Inequality caused by macro-economic policies during overaccumulation crisis’, Development Southern Africa, Vol. 36, Issue 6,pp. 803–20. Available online at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1701416.
  19. Brkic, B., 2009, ‘Todd Stern: US’ Copenhagen good cop, bad cop, climate traffic cop’, Daily Maverick, 11 December. Available online at https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2009-12-11-Todd-Stern-US-Copenhagen-good-cop-bad-cop-climate-traffic-cop/.
  20. Business Day. 2020. ‘Minister’s quota proposal for SA workers is misguided,’ 13 May. Available online at https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/editorials/2020-05-13-editorial-minister squota-proposal-for-sa-workers-is-misguided/.
  21. Capron, A. and O’Brien, P., 2019. ‘“We want one Africa” – protesters in Zambia, Nigeria, DRC react’, France 24, 5 September. Available online at https://observers.france24.com/en/20190905 protesters-zambia-nigeria-drc.
  22. Charles, M., 2020, ‘Government taken to court over exclusion of asylum seekers from lockdown relief ’, IOL online, 1 June. Available online at https://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/news/government-taken-to-court-over-exclusion-of-asylum-seekers-from-lockdown-relief-48821694.
  23. Cokayne, R., 2019, ‘BAIC sets new timelines for projected SA vehicle plant’, The Mercury, 26 February. Available online at https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/companies/baic-sets-new timelines-for-projected-sa-vehicle-plant-19504827.
  24. Damgaard, J., Elkjaer, T. and Johannesen, N., 2019, ‘The rise of phantom investments’, Finance & Development, Vol. 56, No. 3. Available online at https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/ 2019/09/the-rise-of-phantom-FDI-in-tax- havens-damgaard.htm.
  25. Fioramonti, L., 2014, How Numbers Rule the World, London: Zed Books.
  26. Heide, D., Drechsler, W. and Sigmund, T., 2017. ‘Helping Africa to Help Germany,’ Handelsblatt, 5 May. Available online at https://www.handelsblatt.com/today/politics/curbing-emigration helping-africa-to-help-germany/23569418.html?ticket=ST-50845576-cXRLsgNf0EzDbSxSFmYv-ap4.
  27. Henn, M., 2017, ‘The G20’s Compact with Africa: Some Disastrous Recipes for Sustainable Development’, Just Governance, 2 May. Available online at https://justgovernance.boellblog.org/2017/05/02/the-g20s-compact-with-africa-some-disastrous-recipes-for-sustainable-development-27-april-2017/.
  28. Human Rights Watch, 2020, ‘“They Have Robbed Me of My Life”: Xenophobic violence against non-nationals in South Africa’, 17 September. Available online at https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/09/17/they-have-robbed-me-my-life/xenophobic-violence-against-non-nationals-south.
  29. Jerven, M., 2013, Poor Numbers: How we are Misled by African Development Statistics and What to do About it, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  30. Kaplan, D., 2019, ‘South Africa’s Industrial Policy: Time for a review and a rethink,’ Viewpoints, September. Available online at https://www.africaportal.org/documents/19331/Viewpoints-South-Africas-Industrial-Policy.pdf.
  31. Lange, G., Wodon, Q. and Carey, K., 2018, The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018, Washington, DC: The World Bank.
  32. Langguth, V., 2009, ‘The Scandal that Helped Merkel Become Chancellor, Der Spiegel, 8 July. Available online at https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/germany-s-schreiber-affair-the scandal-that-helped-merkel-become- chancellor-a-640938.html.
  33. Le Roux, J., 2020, ‘Xenophobic Twitter campaigns orchestrated by a former South African soldier’, DailyMaverick, 23 September. Available online at https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-09 23-xenophobic-twitter-campaigns-orchestrated-by-a-former-south-african-soldier/.
  34. Mahlaka, R., 2019, ‘MTN’s Rob Shuter: Xenophobic attacks and looting will weigh on investor sentiment’, Daily Maverick, 10 September. Available online at https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-10-mtns-rob-shuter-xenophobic-attacks-andlooting-will-weigh-on-investor-sentiment/.
  35. Masondo, D., 2018, ‘South African Business Nanny State: The Case of the Automotive Industrial Policy Post-Apartheid, 1995–2010’, Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 45, Issue 156, pp. 203–22. Available online at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03056244.2017.1395319.
  36. McKibben, B., 2009, ‘With climate agreement, Obama guts progressive values, argues McKibben’, Grist, 19 December. Available online at https://grist.org/article/2009-12-18-with-climate-agreement-obama-guts-progressive-values/.
  37. Menon, S., 2019, ‘Tito Mboweni pleads for speedy resolution to US-China trade war’, Business Day, 2 September. Available online at https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/economy/2019-09-02-tito-mboweni-pleads-for-speedy-resolution-to-us-china-trade war/.
  38. Mjo, O., 2019, ‘Business confidence hits lowest in at least 20 years’, Business Day, 11 September. Available online at https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/economy/2019-09-11-business confidence-hits-lowest-in-at-least-20-years/.
  39. Molosankwe, B., 2019, ‘Right2Know blames Mashaba, Ramaphosa, Zwelithini for attacks on foreigners’, IOL Online, 2 September. Available online at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/right2know-blames-mashaba-ramaphosa-zwelithini-for-attacks-on-foreigners-31739481.
  40. Montalto, P., 2019, ‘A lopsided dance at the World Economic Forum’, Daily Maverick,9 September. Available online at https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-09-a-lopsided-dance-at-theworld-economic-forum/.
  41. Mvumvu, Z., 2019, ‘Media reports are inflaming xenophobia, Naledi Pandor says’, Business Day, 16 September. Available online at https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-09-16-media-reports-are-inflaming-xenophobia-naledi-pandor-says/.
  42. Ncube, M., 2013, ‘The making of the middle class in Africa’, Future Development. 10 February.
  43. Available online at https://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01605/WEB/MAKING_M.HTM.
  44. Perry, A., 2012, “Africa Rising”, Time, 3 December.
  45. Phakathi, B., 2019, ‘No evidence of currency manipulation, says Tito Mboweni’, Business Day, 11 August. Available online at https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-08-11-no-evidenceof-currency-manipulation-says-tito-mboweni/. Phimister, I., 1993, ‘Unscrambling the Scramble for Africa’, South African Historical Journal, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 203–20. Available online at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02582479308671973.
  46. Planting, S., 2019, ‘SA vs Nigeria: Free trade agreement at risk’, Daily Maverick, 9 September. Available online at https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-09-sa-vs-nigeria-free-tradeagreement-at-risk/.
  47. Pomeroy, R. and Bruce-Lockhart, A., 2019, ‘“This is Africa’s century” – What we learned at the World Economic Forum in Cape Town 2019’, World Economic Forum website, 6 September. Available online at https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/world-economic-forum-africa2019-ramaphosa-gender-violence-youth/.
  48. Ramaphosa, C., 2019, ‘Address by South African President, during the WEF Global Press Conference, Davos-Klosters, Davos’, 23 September. Available online at https://www.polity.org.za/article/sa-cyril-ramaphosa-address-by-south-african-president-during-the-wef-global-press-conference-davos-klosters-davos-23012019-2019-01-24.
  49. Sandbu, M., 2019, ‘More than third of foreign investment is multinationals dodging tax’, Financial Times, 8 September. Available online at https://www.ft.com/content/37aa9d06-d0c8-11e9-99a4 b5ded7a7fe3f.
  50. Selassie, A., 2019, ‘Africa Side Event on the occasion of the 7th Tokyo International Conference on African Development’, Yokohama, 29 August. Available online at https://www.einnews.com/pr_news/495055241/keynote-address-at-the-g20-compact-with-africa-side-event-on-the-occasion-of-the-7th-tokyo-international-conference-on-african-development-ticad7.
  51. Sidimba, L., 2020, ‘New law to bar foreigners doing business in Gauteng townships’, IOL Online, 26 September. Available online at https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/new-law-to-bar-foreigners doing-business-in-gauteng-townships-f7feb3a0-6c9a-48d0-abf5-36276bbe52f7.
  52. South African Reserve Bank, 2019, Quarterly Bulletin: September 2019, Pretoria. Available online at https://www.resbank.co.za/Lists/News%20and%20Publications/Attachments/9505/01FullQuarterly%20Bulletin.pdf.
  53. Sulstarova, A., 2019. Personal correspondence available from author, Geneva and ,Johannesburg, 16 September.
Read More

Biographie de l'auteur

Patrick Bond

Professor, University of the Western Cape School of Government, Cape Town.
Email: pbond@mail.ngo.za

Télécharger ce document PDF
PDF (ENGLISH)
Statistic
Read Counter : 3228 Download : 156

Téléchargements

Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.

Articles similaires

<< < 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 > >> 

Vous pouvez également Lancer une recherche avancée de similarité pour cet article.