Issue

Vol. 47 No. 3 (2022): Africa Development: Special Issue on Agrarian Change, Food Security, Migration and Sustainable Development in Senegal and Zimbabwe

9 - Staple Crops Processing Zones, Food Security and Restoration of Local Food Systems in Zimbabwe

https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v47i3.2680
Clayton Hazvinei Vhumbunu
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4065-1073

Africa Development, Vol. 47 No. 3 (2022): Africa Development: Special Issue on Agrarian Change, Food Security, Migration and Sustainable Development in Senegal and Zimbabwe

Abstract

With the adoption of Staple Crops Processing Zones (SCPZs) and Agro- Processing Zones (APZs) by Western countries and Asia, it is time for Zimbabwe to follow suit in order to address food insecurity challenges that the country has been facing since the year 2000. This article examines the possibility, rationality, utility, practicality and mechanics of designing and implementing SCPZs in Zimbabwe’s identified agro-processing nodes in order to boost and integrate food productivity, processing and marketing whilst restoring local food systems. Methodologically, the study utilises secondary data sources, drawing comparisons and valuable lessons from cases of successful SCPZs implementation in Europe, China and Asia. The agricultural development theory provides the theoretical framework that anchors the study, whilst the SCPZs as well as the food security rural-urban migration nexus constitute the conceptual frames of analysis. The research findings suggest that although there are multiple threats to food security in Zimbabwe, the adoption and implementation of SCPZs equally present significant opportunities for boosting food security and restoring local food systems through value chain developments. The study findings are key in informing the format, structure, design and operational modalities of SCPZs as a strategy for boosting food security and restoring local food systems in Zimbabwe. 

Keywords

food security Staple Crops Processing Zones Agro-Processing Zones local food systems Zimbabwe
[1]
Hazvinei Vhumbunu, C. 2022. 9 - Staple Crops Processing Zones, Food Security and Restoration of Local Food Systems in Zimbabwe. Africa Development. 47, 3 (Jan. 2022), 197–222. DOI:https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v47i3.2680.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. Adedapo, A., 2014, Nigeria: UNIDO – Nigeria’s Staple Crop Zones to Gulp U.S. $1.063 Billion, AllAfrica, 13 February, https://allafrica.com/stories/201402130386.html Accessed 30 April 2019.
  2. African Development Bank (AfDB), 2016, AfDB launches ‘Feed Africa: A Strategy for Agricultural Transformation in Africa 2016–2025’, https://www.afdb.org/en/news- and-events/afdb-launches-feed-africa-a-strategy-for-agricultural-transformation-in- africa-2016 202516122#:~:text=The%20AfDB’s%20Feed%20Africa%20strategy,where%20it%20has%20comparative%20advantage Accessed 9 February 2022.
  3. African Development Bank (AfDB), 2017a, Study on African Staple Crops Processing Zones (SCPZs), https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/Study_on_African_Staple_Crops_Processing_Zones_SCPZs.pdf, Accessed 9 February 2022.
  4. African Development Bank (AfDB), 2017b, Feed Africa: Strategy for Agricultural Transformation in Africa 2016-2025, https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/ afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/Feed_Africa-_Strategy_for_Agricultural_ Transformation_in_Africa_2016-2025.pdf Accessed 9 February 2022.
  5. African Development Bank (AfDB), 2020, EOI – Nigeria – Feasibility Studies for Special Agro-Industrial Processing Zones (SAPZs) in Nigeria, AfDB, 30 March, https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/eoi-nigeria-feasibility-studies-special-agro-industrial- processing-zones-sapzs-nigeria Accessed 15 June 2020.
  6. Aggarwal, A., 2015, Promoting food processing through food parks and food processing special economic zones: The Indian experience, in Christy, R. D., Da Silva, C. A., Mhlanga, N., Mabaya, E. and Tihanyi, K., eds, Innovative institutions, public policies and private strategies for agro-enterprise development, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company, Inc, pp. 189-219.
  7. Alemu, A. E., Mathijs, E., Maertens, M., Deckers, J. and Bauer, H., 2012, Vertical Coordination in the Local Food Chains: Evidence from Farmers in Ethiopia, International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 11–20.
  8. AllAfrica, 2019, Ethiopia: Agro-Processing Industrial Parks to Be Completed This June, 2 February, https://allafrica.com/stories/201902050837.html Accessed 30 April 2019. Ambuko, J., 2017, Why reducing post-harvest losses is a priority for Africa, The Conversation, 20 November, https://theconversation.com/why-reducing-post-harvest-losses-is-a-priority-for-africa-87312 Accessed 20 April 2019.
  9. Asokan, S. R. and Singh, G., 2003, Role and constraints of contract farming in agro- processing industry, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 58, No. 3, p. 566.
  10. Vhumbunu: Food Security and Restoration of Local Food Systems in Zimbabwe 219
  11. Bräutigam, D. and Xiaoyang, T., 2011, African Shenzhen: China’s special economic zones in Africa, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 27–54.
  12. Chigudu, A., 2019, Institutional frameworks for urban development in Zimbabwe and Zambia: Change and continuities, Journal of Public Administration and Development Alternatives (JPADA), Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 1–16.
  13. Chirisa, I. and Mukarwi, L., 2019, Emerging Settlement Planning and Development Paradigms with Reference to Zimbabwe, The Sustainability Ethic in the Management of the Physical, Infrastructural and Natural Resources of Zimbabwe, Mankon, Bamenda: Langaa Research and Publishing, p. 13.
  14. Chitongo, L. 2017, The efficacy of small holder tobacco farmers on rural development in Zimbabwe, doctoral dissertation, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus.
  15. Commission on Growth and Development (CGD), 2008, The Growth Report: Strategies for sustained growth and inclusive development, Washington, DC: World Bank.
  16. Corbridge, S., 2017, Urban–Rural relations and the counter-revolution in development theory and policy, in Potter, R. and Unwin, T., eds, The Geography of Urban-Rural Interaction in Developing Countries, London: Routledge, pp. 233–256.
  17. Crane, B., Albrecht, C., Duffin, K. M. and Albrecht, C., 2018, China’s special economic zones: An analysis of policy to reduce regional disparities, Regional Studies, Regional Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 98–107.
  18. Da Silva, C. A. and Mhlanga, N., 2011, Innovative policies and institutions to support agro-industries development, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Doronina, I. I., Borobov, V. N., Ivanova, E. A., Gorynya, E. V. and Zhukov, B. M., 2016, Agro-industrial clusters as a factor of increasing competitiveness of the Region, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Vol. 6, No. 1S, pp. 295–299.
  19. El-Enbaby, H., Figueroa, J. L., El-Didi, H. and Breisinger, C., 2016, The role of agriculture and the agro-processing industry for development in Egypt: An overview, Egypt SSP Working Paper 3, December 2016.
  20. Essiet, D., 2014, Can food processing zones do the trick? The Nation, 25 July, https://thenationonlineng.net/can-food-processing-zones-do-the-trick/ Accessed 30 April 2019 Farole, T., 2011, Special Economic Zones in Africa Comparing Performance and Learning from Global Experiences, Washington DC: The World Bank.
  21. Farole, T. and Akinci, G., 2011, Special Economic Zones: Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions, Washington DC: The World Bank.
  22. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2006, Fertiliser use by crop in Zimbabwe. Rome: FAO, http://www.fao.org/3/a0395e/a0395e06.
  23. htm#:~:text=Zimbabwe%20is%20divided%20into%20five,Vincent%20and%20 Thomas%2C%201961 Accessed 20 June 2020.
  24. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2016, Country Profile – Zimbabwe, Version 2016, FAO Quastat Reports, http://www.fao.org/3/i9842en/ I9842EN.pdf Accessed 25 May 2019.
  25. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2017, The future of food and agriculture: Trends and challenges, Rome: FAO, http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6583e.pdf Accessed 18 April 2019.
  26. Africa Development, Volume XLVII, No. 3, 2022
  27. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), 2019, Rome: FAO, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home Accessed 23 May 2019.
  28. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2020, FAO in Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe at a glance, Rome: FAO, http://www.fao.org/zimbabwe/fao- in-zimbabwe/zimbabwe-at a-glance/en/ Accessed 11 July 2020.
  29. Gálvez Nogales, E. and Webber, M., eds, 2017, Territorial tools for agro-industry development – A Sourcebook, Rome: FAO, http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6862e.pdf Accessed 14 June 2020.
  30. Government of South Africa (RSA), 2015, Briefing Note on the Agro-Processing Sector in South Africa, http://pmg-assets.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/151027brief. pdf Accessed 28 May 2019. Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ), 2012, Comprehensive Agricultural Policy Framework (2012–2032), April, http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/zim149663.pdf Accessed 2 May 2019.
  31. Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ), 2018, Towards an Upper-Middle Income Economy by 2030: ‘New Dispensation Core Values’, 19 April, http://www.veritaszim.net/sites/veritas_d/files/GoZ%20Presentation%20DC%20-%2019-4-2018.pdf Accessed 25 May 2019.
  32. Green Climate Fund, 2018, Staple Crops processing Zone (SCPZ): Promoting sustainable agricultural value chains, 26 March, https://www.greenclimate.fund/sites/default/ files/document/19810-staple-crops-processing-zone-scpz-promoting-sustainable- agricultural-value-chains.pdf Accessed 25 May 2019.
  33. Green Trade Initiative (GTI), 2019, Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks in Egypt: Piloting the concept in Qalyoubia Governorate, https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/201905/AgroIndustrail%20Parks%20%20Qalyoubia%20case%201.pdf Accessed 20 June 2020.
  34. International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2020, Zimbabwe: 2019 Article IV Consultation- Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Zimbabwe. International Monetary Fund African Dept., 26 March, https://www.imf.org/en/ Publications/CR/Issues/2020/03/19/Zimbabwe-2019-Article-IV-Consultation-Press- Release-Staff-Report-and-Statement-by-the-49283 Accessed 20 June 2020.
  35. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), 2009, Feasibility Study on Agro- industrial Park Development in the Jordan River Rift Valley, Final Report Volume 1 (Main Report) May 2009,
  36. JICA/Ministry of Planning and Ministry of National Economy/Palestinian National Authority (PNA), http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/ pdf/11937398_01.pdf Accessed 25 April 2019.
  37. Jenane, C., 2016, Investing in Agropole and Agro-processing Zones: Agriculture Global Practice, African Development Bank Group Workshop on the Role of Agropoles and Agro-Processing Zones in Feeding and Industrializing Africa. Abidjan, 22–23 March, https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/ Investing_in_Agropole_and_Agro-processing_Zones_by_Chakib_Jenane.pdf Accessed 28 April 2019.
  38. Magoronga, M., 2022, ZISCO Prospective Investors Await Cabinet Nod, Herald, 19 January, https://www.herald.co.zw/zisco-prospective-investors-await-cabinet-nod/Accessed 9 February 2022.
  39. Vhumbunu: Food Security and Restoration of Local Food Systems in Zimbabwe 221
  40. Mazwi, F., Chibwana, M. and Muchetu, R. G., 2017, Land, agrarian reform in Zimbabwe viewed from a transformative social policy perspective, Africanus, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1–17.
  41. Ncube, L., 2018, Command agriculture to continue for next 10 years, The Chronicle, 29 October, https://www.chronicle.co.zw/command-agriculture-to-continue-for-next-10-years/ Accessed 10 May 2019.
  42. Ndlovu, P., 2016, Connecting command agriculture with industry revival, The Chronicle, 15 September, https://www.chronicle.co.zw/connecting-command-agriculture-with-industry-revival/ Accessed 10 May 2019.
  43. Nyandoro, M. and Muzorewa, T. T., 2017, Transition from growth point policy to liberal urban development in Zimbabwe: The emergence of Ruwa Town, 1980–1991, TD: The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, Vol. 13, No. 1,pp. 230–239.
  44. Page, J., 2012, Can Africa Industrialise? Journal of African Economics, Vol. 2, Suppl 2,pp. 86–124.
  45. Pathak, V. K., Chakraborty, H. and Pandey, K. M., 2015, A Study on Feasibility of Cold Storage and Food Processing Units for Pineapple in Assam, Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research (JBAER), Vol. 2, No. 17, pp. 1549–1554.
  46. Rao, K. L., 2006, Agro-industrial parks experience from India, Agricultural and Food Engineering Working Document, Rome: FAO.Rawat, I., Chhuneja, N. K., Gite, L. P. and Meena, M. S., 2017, Health Hazards Among Workers of Agro-Processing Industries: An Exploratory Research in Punjab’s Context, National Academy Science Letters, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 1–3.
  47. Rezaei-Moghaddam, K. and Karami, E., 2008, A Multiple Criteria Evaluation of Sustainable Agricultural Development Models Using AHP, Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 407–426.
  48. Scoones, I., 2016, Land reform, livelihoods and the politics of agrarian change in Zimbabwe, in Pallotti, A. and Tornimbeni, C., eds, State, Land and Democracy in Southern Africa, London, UK: Routledge, pp. 127–148.
  49. Sharma, K. D., Pathania, M. S. and Lal, H., 2010, Value chain analysis and financial viability of agro-processing industries in Himachal Pradesh, Agricultural Economics Research Review, Vol. 23, pp. 515–522.
  50. Sibanda, B. M., 1985, Growth points – A focus for rural development in Zimbabwe, Agricultural Administration, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 161–174.
  51. Singh, K., 2004, Emerging trends in agro processing sector, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 59, Issue 2.
  52. Tekwa, N. and Adesina, J., 2018, Gender, Poverty and Inequality in the Aftermath of Zimbabwe’s Land Reform: A Transformative Social Policy Perspective, Journal of International Women’s Studies, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 45–62.
  53. Udemezue, J. C. and Osegbue, E. G., 2018, Theories and models of agricultural development, Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 1–4.
  54. United Nations (UN), Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2017, World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables, Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP/248.
  55. Africa Development, Volume XLVII, No. 3, 2022
  56. United Nations Conference on Trade and Investment (UNCTAD), 2021, World Investment Report for 2021, Geneva: UNCTAD.
  57. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2015, If Africa build nests, will the birds come: Comparative Study on Special Economic Zones in Africa and China, UNDP Working Paper Series No. 6, 2015.
  58. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), 2018, Countries must focus on macroeconomic, tradeandgenderpolicies inagriculture toachievethe SDGs– ECAChief, Addis Ababa: UNECA, https://www.uneca.org/stories/countries-must-focus-macroeconomic- trade-and-gender-policies-agriculture-achieve-sdgs-eca Accessed 16 April 2019.
  59. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), 2018, Integrated Agro- Industrial Parks (IAIPs) in Ethiopia, https://isid.unido.org/files/Ethiopia/Integrated- Agro-Industrial-Parks-Overview.pdf Accessed 23 April 2019.
  60. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 2020, Zimbabwe – Agro-ecological Zones Map., https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/7BFF49F0B55F020085257664007D5442-map.pdf Accessed 17 June 2020 Waeterloos, E. and Rutherford, B., 2004, Land reform in Zimbabwe: Challenges and opportunities for poverty reduction among commercial farm workers, World Development, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 537–553.
  61. Wekwete, K. H., 1988, Rural Growth Points in Zimbabwe – Prospects for the future, Journal of Social Development in Africa, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 5–16.
  62. Wekwete, K. H., 1989, Growth centre policy in Zimbabwe, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 131–146.
  63. Wekwete, K. H., 1990, Rural urbanisation in Zimbabwe: Prospects for the future, in Small town Africa, Studies in rural–urban interaction, Seminar proceedings, Vol. 23, pp. 130–142.
  64. Wilkinson, J. and Rocha, R., 2008, The Agro-processing Sector: Empirical Overview, Recent Trends and Development Impacts, Plenary paper at Global Agro-Industries Forum (GAIF), 14 April.
  65. World Bank, 2008, Special Economic Zones: Performance, Lessons Learned, and Implications for Zone Development, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/ en/343901468330977533/pdf/458690WP0Box331s0April200801PUBLIC1.pdf Accessed 9 February 2022.
  66. World Bank, 2016, The Staple Crop Processing Zones (SCPZs) Project, Nigeria, http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P148616?lang=en Accessed 19 April 2019. World Bank Group, 2022, Rural population (% of total population) – Zimbabwe, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZW Accessed 9 February 2022.
  67. WorldEconomicForum(WEF),2018,TheGlobalCompetitivenessIndex2017–2018edition, Zimbabwe, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR20172018/03CountryProfiles/ Standalone2-pagerprofiles/WEF_GCI_2017_2018_Profile_Zimbabwe.pdf Accessed 1 June 2019.
  68. Zimbabwe Special Economic Zones Authority (ZIMSEZA), 2019, About ZIMSEZA, https://www.zimseza.co.zw/about-zimseza/ Accessed 1 June 2019.
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 319 Download : 156

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

<< < 38 39 40 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.