5 - Role Duality among School-age Children Participating in Farming in Some Villages in Kwara State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author(s) : Oluwasegun A. Adekunle
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 32 No 3 (2007): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Cet article examine la dualité du rôle des enfants vivant en milieu rural en tant qu’écoliers et en tant qu’intervenants dans les activités agricoles. Un échantillonnage aléatoire en plusieurs étapes a été pratiqué pour tirer au clair les données provenant de 229 enfants de cinq à seize ans interrogés. Il en est ressorti que 44 pour cent des sujets interrogés étaient à la fois écoliers et ouvriers agrico- les, tandis que le pourcentage restant est soit à l’école soit aux champs. A l’aide de huit activités agricoles courantes, un coefficient de participation aux travaux agri- coles (cpa) a été calculé, tandis que huit autres innovations agricoles ont été utilisées pour calculer l’indice de prise de conscience des innovations agricoles (isia) de chacun des enfants interrogés. Aucune différence fondamentale n’a été découverte quant aux niveaux de participation aux travaux agricoles entre les enfants scolarisés interrogés et ceux qui ne l’étaient pas. Il y a une différence notable de prise de conscience des innovations de la part des enfants interrogés qui sont scolarisés. Il a ainsi été découvert que l’influence parentale, celles des pairs et des fermes-écoles pèsent sur la participation des enfants interrogés aux travaux agricoles. Il est donc impératif de maintenir à l’école les enfants vivant en milieu rural même lorsqu’ils sont préposés à des activités agricoles.
Mots-clés
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- Abumere, S. I., Okafor, S. I. and Oluwasola, O., 2002, ‘Rural Infrastructure and the Development Process in Rural Nigeria’, Research Report No 36, Ibadan: Development Policy Centre.
- Adisa, R. S., 2005, ‘Use of Agricultural Innovations in Children’s Separate Farm plots in some Villages in Kwara State, Nigeria’, Journal of Extension Systems, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 46-57.
- Agunbiade, J. B. and Adedoyin, S.F., 1998, ‘Socioeconomic Perspectives of the Farmers’ Children Farm Plots in the Sustenance of Youth Interest in Agriculture’, in Adedoyin, S. F and Torimiro, D. O., eds., Rural Children and Future Food Security in Nigeria, Sageto and Co., Ijebu Igbo, pp. 159-169.
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- Bequile, A., 1983, Questions and Answers in Child Labour. Child Labour: A Briefing Manual, Geneva: ILO, pp. 16-24.
- Blanchard, F., 1983, Child Labour: A Briefing Manual, Geneva: ILO, p. 3.
- Bruns, B., A .Mangar and Rakotomalala, R., 2003, ‘Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015: A Chance for Every Child’, Report No 266605, World Bank.
- Etim, P. S., 1989, Women and Children under Nigerian Law, Lagos: Federal Ministry of Justice, p.108.
- Fadayomi, T.O., 1988, Rural Development and Migration in Nigeria, Ibadan: National Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), pp. 36-37.
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- Federal Office of Statistics (Nigeria), 1997, Socioeconomic Profile 1996, Lagos.
- Ginsberg, O., 2000, ‘Sustainability from Children’s Perspective: A Journey through the Landscape of German Children’s City Farms’, Paper presented at University of Nottingham International Conference, 13-16 September.
- Idu, E.E., Tee, T.N. and Obinne, A.D.E., 2001, ‘Assessment of Children’s Participation in Crop and Forest Production: A Case Study of Youths in Makurdi’, CIAP Nigeria Book of Proceedings. Makurdi, Nigeria, pp.149-157.
- Jibowo, A. A., 1992, Essentials of Rural Sociology, Nigeria: Gbemi Sodipo Press.
- Kissekka, M.N., 1989, A Brief on Population and socio-cultural life in Nigeria, Lagos: Population Education Series, Department of Population Education, p. 56.
- Knodel, J. and Havanon, N., 1998, ‘The Transition to Secondary School: Views of Parents in a Rural District of Central Thailand’, Michigan: Population Studies Center, University of Michigan.
- Lipton, M., 2005, ‘The Family Farm in a Globalizing World: The Role of Crop Science in Alleviating Poverty’, Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020 Policy Brief No. 74. IFPRI.
- Mfum-Mensah, O., 2003, ‘Fostering educational participation in pastoral communities through non formal education; the Ghanaian perspective’, International Journal of Educational Development, 23 (6).
- Ngwu, P.N.C., 1993, ‘Characteristics and Learning Needs of School Leavers in the Rural Small Enterprises Informal Sector in Benue State, Nigeria’, Nigeria Journal of Rural Extension and Development, Vol. 1, Nos. 2-3, Owerri, pp. 1- 18.
- Obinne, A.D.E., Idu, E.E , and T.N. Tee, 2002, ‘Assessment of Youth Participation in Livestock Production and Career Prospects in Agriculture in Makurdi Metropolis’, CIAP Nigeria Book of Proceedings. Makurdi, Nigeria, pp. 131- 137.
- Ogunwale, A.B., 1997, ‘Socioeconomic Factors Associated with the Adoption of Alley Farming Technology by Small scale Farmers in Osun State’, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Ile-Ife, Obafemi Awolowo University.
- Olawale, R. and Solola, F., 1991, ‘Child Labour in Nigeria’, The Guardian, June 16, p 15.
- Olawoye, J.E., 2000, ‘Contemporary Research Interests and Problem Areas in Agricultural Extension and Rural Development’, The Ibadan Extension, Monograph series No. 2, Ibadan: University of Ibadan.
- Olutayo, A.O., 1994, ‘Systemic Source of Working Children in Africa: The Case of Nigeria’, Childhood Journal, (Munskguard), pp. 45-52.
- Oworu, O.O., 1998, ‘Rural Children and the Continuity and Sustenance of Sugar cane Farming in Nigeria’, Farmers’ Children and the Future Food Security of Nigeria, Sageto and Co. Ijebu Igbo, pp. 443-449.
- Scarborough, V., Killough, S., Johnson, D. A. and Farrington, A., 1997, Farmer- Led Extension: Concepts and Practices, London: ITP Ltd.
- Stloukal, L., 2004, ‘Rural Population Ageing in Developing Countries. Issues for Consideration by FAO’, Sustainable Development Dept.
- Waldie, K., 2004, ‘Youth and rural Livelihoods’, LEISA, Vol. 2 No. 2, ILEIA, the Netherlands, pp. 6-8.
- Webster, J. and Marigar, S.C., 1999, ‘Risks for Children in Agriculture’, Agricultural Health and Safety Fact Sheet AHS 07, Utah State University Extension, Logan, Utah, pp1-2.
Les références
Abumere, S. I., Okafor, S. I. and Oluwasola, O., 2002, ‘Rural Infrastructure and the Development Process in Rural Nigeria’, Research Report No 36, Ibadan: Development Policy Centre.
Adisa, R. S., 2005, ‘Use of Agricultural Innovations in Children’s Separate Farm plots in some Villages in Kwara State, Nigeria’, Journal of Extension Systems, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 46-57.
Agunbiade, J. B. and Adedoyin, S.F., 1998, ‘Socioeconomic Perspectives of the Farmers’ Children Farm Plots in the Sustenance of Youth Interest in Agriculture’, in Adedoyin, S. F and Torimiro, D. O., eds., Rural Children and Future Food Security in Nigeria, Sageto and Co., Ijebu Igbo, pp. 159-169.
Ajayi, A.O. and Jibowo, A.A., 2004, ‘Determinants of Rural Children’s Knowledge of Hazards Associated with Farming in Oyo State, Nigeria’, Journal of Social Sciences 9 (3), pp. 195-200.
Bequile, A., 1983, Questions and Answers in Child Labour. Child Labour: A Briefing Manual, Geneva: ILO, pp. 16-24.
Blanchard, F., 1983, Child Labour: A Briefing Manual, Geneva: ILO, p. 3.
Bruns, B., A .Mangar and Rakotomalala, R., 2003, ‘Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015: A Chance for Every Child’, Report No 266605, World Bank.
Etim, P. S., 1989, Women and Children under Nigerian Law, Lagos: Federal Ministry of Justice, p.108.
Fadayomi, T.O., 1988, Rural Development and Migration in Nigeria, Ibadan: National Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), pp. 36-37.
Farinde, A. J., 1999, ‘Issues Crucial to Farm Children Development and Sustainable Agriculture in Nigeria’, in S.B. Williams, F.E. Ogbimi and A. J. Farinde, eds., Farm Children and Agricultural Productivity in the 21st Century, Book of Proceedings, Nigeria CIAP Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, pp. 128-133.
Federal Office of Statistics (Nigeria), 1997, Socioeconomic Profile 1996, Lagos.
Ginsberg, O., 2000, ‘Sustainability from Children’s Perspective: A Journey through the Landscape of German Children’s City Farms’, Paper presented at University of Nottingham International Conference, 13-16 September.
Idu, E.E., Tee, T.N. and Obinne, A.D.E., 2001, ‘Assessment of Children’s Participation in Crop and Forest Production: A Case Study of Youths in Makurdi’, CIAP Nigeria Book of Proceedings. Makurdi, Nigeria, pp.149-157.
Jibowo, A. A., 1992, Essentials of Rural Sociology, Nigeria: Gbemi Sodipo Press.
Kissekka, M.N., 1989, A Brief on Population and socio-cultural life in Nigeria, Lagos: Population Education Series, Department of Population Education, p. 56.
Knodel, J. and Havanon, N., 1998, ‘The Transition to Secondary School: Views of Parents in a Rural District of Central Thailand’, Michigan: Population Studies Center, University of Michigan.
Lipton, M., 2005, ‘The Family Farm in a Globalizing World: The Role of Crop Science in Alleviating Poverty’, Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020 Policy Brief No. 74. IFPRI.
Mfum-Mensah, O., 2003, ‘Fostering educational participation in pastoral communities through non formal education; the Ghanaian perspective’, International Journal of Educational Development, 23 (6).
Ngwu, P.N.C., 1993, ‘Characteristics and Learning Needs of School Leavers in the Rural Small Enterprises Informal Sector in Benue State, Nigeria’, Nigeria Journal of Rural Extension and Development, Vol. 1, Nos. 2-3, Owerri, pp. 1- 18.
Obinne, A.D.E., Idu, E.E , and T.N. Tee, 2002, ‘Assessment of Youth Participation in Livestock Production and Career Prospects in Agriculture in Makurdi Metropolis’, CIAP Nigeria Book of Proceedings. Makurdi, Nigeria, pp. 131- 137.
Ogunwale, A.B., 1997, ‘Socioeconomic Factors Associated with the Adoption of Alley Farming Technology by Small scale Farmers in Osun State’, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Ile-Ife, Obafemi Awolowo University.
Olawale, R. and Solola, F., 1991, ‘Child Labour in Nigeria’, The Guardian, June 16, p 15.
Olawoye, J.E., 2000, ‘Contemporary Research Interests and Problem Areas in Agricultural Extension and Rural Development’, The Ibadan Extension, Monograph series No. 2, Ibadan: University of Ibadan.
Olutayo, A.O., 1994, ‘Systemic Source of Working Children in Africa: The Case of Nigeria’, Childhood Journal, (Munskguard), pp. 45-52.
Oworu, O.O., 1998, ‘Rural Children and the Continuity and Sustenance of Sugar cane Farming in Nigeria’, Farmers’ Children and the Future Food Security of Nigeria, Sageto and Co. Ijebu Igbo, pp. 443-449.
Scarborough, V., Killough, S., Johnson, D. A. and Farrington, A., 1997, Farmer- Led Extension: Concepts and Practices, London: ITP Ltd.
Stloukal, L., 2004, ‘Rural Population Ageing in Developing Countries. Issues for Consideration by FAO’, Sustainable Development Dept.
Waldie, K., 2004, ‘Youth and rural Livelihoods’, LEISA, Vol. 2 No. 2, ILEIA, the Netherlands, pp. 6-8.
Webster, J. and Marigar, S.C., 1999, ‘Risks for Children in Agriculture’, Agricultural Health and Safety Fact Sheet AHS 07, Utah State University Extension, Logan, Utah, pp1-2.