5 - A Demand-driven Model of Decentralised Land-use Planning and Natural Resource Management: Experiences from the Chiredzi District of Zimbabwe
Corresponding Author(s) : Alois Mandondo
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 31 No 2 (2006): Afrique et développement: Special Issue Decentralisation and Livelihoods in Africa
Résumé
La décentralisation devrait idéalement aboutir à un transfert effectif de pouvoirs de l’État à des autorités locales élues ou décentralisation démocratique. Mais la plupart des décentralisations se présentent comme des démarches initiées, dirigées et contrôlées par l’État et les autorités centrales, qui en définissent la forme et contrôlent les pouvoirs dévolus aux autorités locales. Ceci conduit finalement à une simple déconcentration. L’article ci-dessous s’appuie sur des évidences empiriques tirées du Zimbabwe pour montrer que la décentralisation semble ne pouvoir renforcer le pouvoir des acteurs périphériques que si elle se présente comme une demande de la base, et non comme une offre étatique. Même lorsque les pouvoirs sont demandés par la base, et obtenus, les relations entre le niveau central et le niveau local dans les arènes décentralisées ne sont pas toujours égalitaires. Nous montrons en conséquence que les efforts déployés pour résoudre le dilemme de la marginalisation du niveau local à travers les décentralisations ne doivent pas perdre de vue les dimensions de ce niveau local. Nous voulons dire que même les décentralisations demandées et ‘arrachées’ ne doivent pas impliquer le retrait total de l’État central. Un réel renforcement des pouvoirs du niveau local va de pair avec le maintien de certains rôles de l’État central, comme la légitimation politique, l’appui au développement local ou l’expertise technique, et le soutien financier.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Bazaara, N., Bosuyt, J. and Gould, J., 2000, ‘Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction: Elaborating
- the Linkages’, Policy Management Brief no.12, Maastricht, ECDPM.
- Chambers, R., 1983, Rural Development: Putting the Last First, London, Longman.
- Conyers, Diana, 1990, ‘Decentralisation and Development Planning: A Comparative Perspective’, in P.
- de Valk and K.H. Wekwete, eds., Decentralisation for Participatory Planning?, Aldershot, Gower
- Publishing Company, pp. 15-33.
- Fortmann, Louise and Nontokozo, Nabane, 1992, ‘The Fruits of their Labours: Gender, Property and
- Trees in Mhondoro District’, University of Zimbabwe Occasional Paper, Centre for Applied Social Sciences.
- Godwin, P., 1996, Mukiwa: A White Boy in Africa, New York, Harper Perennial. Government of
- Zimbabwe, 1994, Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Appropriate Agricultural Land Tenure
- Systems, Harare, Government Printers.
- Hasler, R., 1993, ‘Political Ecologies of Scale and Multi-tiered Co-management of Zimbabwean
- Wildlife Resources under CAMPFIRE’, Harare, Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe.
- Hesseling, G., 1996, ‘Legal and Institutional Incentives for Local Environmental Management’, in
- Improved Natural Resource Management: The Role of Formal Organisations and Informal Networks and
- Institutions, Henrik Secher Marcussen, ed., International Development Studies, Rosklide University,
- Occasional Paper No. 17, pp. 98-134.
- Holm, J.D., Molutsi, P.P., and Somolokae, G., 1996, ‘The Development of Civil Society in a
- Democratic State: The Botswana Model’, African Studies Review, Vol. 39, pp. 43- 69.
- Lan, D., 1985, Guns and Rain: Guerillas and Spirit Mediums in Zimbabwe, London, James Currey.
- Lovell, C., Mandondo, A., and Moriarty, P., 2003, ‘The Question of Scale in Integrated Natural
- Resource Management’, in B.M. Campbell and J.A. Sayer, eds., Integrated Natural Resource
- Management: Linking Productivity, the Environment and Development, Bogor, CABI Publishing in
- Association with the Centre for International Forestry Research, pp. 109-38.
- Mandondo, A., 2001, ‘Situating Zimbabwe’s Natural Resource Governance Systems in History’, Centre
- for International Forestry Research, Working Paper 32, Bogor, Centre for International Forestry Research.
- Martin, R.B., 1986, ‘Communal Lands Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE)’,
- Government of Zimbabwe, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management.
- McGregor, J., 1995, ‘Conservation, Control and Ecological Change: The Politics and Ecology of
- Colonial Conservation in Shurugwi, Zimbabwe’, Environment and History, Vol 1, pp. 257-79.
- Moyo, S., Robinson, D., Katerere, Y., Stevenson, S., and Gumbo, D., 1991, Zimbabwe’s Environmental
- Dilemma: Balancing Resource Inequities, Harare, ZERO.
- Murombedzi, J.,1991, ‘Decentralising Common Property Resources Management: A Case Study of the
- Nyaminyami District Council of Zimbabwe’s Wildlife Management Programme’, IIED Paper No. 30,
- London, IIED.
- Murphree, M.W., 1991, ‘Communities as Institutions for Resource Management’, mimeo, Harare, Centre
- for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe. Murphree, M.W., and Cumming, D.H.M., 1991,
- ‘Savanna Land Use Policy and Practice in Zimbabwe’, Paper presented at the UNESCO/IUBS Conference
- on Savanna Land Use, Nairobi, January 1991.
- Phimister, Ian, 1989, ‘Discourse and the Discipline of Historical Context: Conservationism and
- Ideas about Development in Southern Rhodesia, 1930- 1950’, Journal of Southern African Studies,
- (2), pp. 263-75.
- Reason, P., 1999, ‘Integrating Action and Reflection through Co-operative Inquiry’, Management
- Learning, Special Issue: The Action Dimension in Management: Diverse Approaches to Research,
- Teaching and Development, Vol 30, No. 2, pp. 207-27.
- Ribot, J.C., 1999, ‘Decentralisation, Participation and Accountability in Sahelian Forestry: Legal
- Instruments of Political-administrative Control’, Africa, Vol 69, pp. 23-65.
- Ruitenbeek, J. and Cartier, C., 2001, ‘The Invisible Wand: Adaptive Co- Management as an Emergent
- Strategy in Complex Bio-economic Systems’, Centre for International Forestry Research, Occasional
- Paper 34, Bogor, Centre for International Forestry Research.
- Sayer, J.A. and Campbell, B.M., 2003, ‘Research to Integrate Productivity Enhancement,
- Environmental Protection, and Human Development’, in B.M. Campbell and J.A. Sayer, eds., Integrated
- Natural Resource Management: Linking Productivity, the Environment and Development, Bogor, CABI
- Publishing in Association with the Centre for International Forestry Research, pp. 1-14.
- Scoones, I., & Matose, F., 1993, ‘Local Woodland Management: Constraints and Opportunities for
- Sustainable Resource Use’, in P.N. Bradley and K. McNamara, eds., Living with Trees: Policies for
- Woodland Management in Zimbabwe, Washington D.C., World Bank, pp. 157-98.
- Wekwete, K.H.,1990, ‘Constraints to Planning for Socialism in Zimbabwe’, in de Valk, P. and
- Wekwete, K.H., eds., Decentralization for Participatory Planning?
- Aldershot, Gower Publishing Company, pp. 37-51.
Les références
Bazaara, N., Bosuyt, J. and Gould, J., 2000, ‘Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction: Elaborating
the Linkages’, Policy Management Brief no.12, Maastricht, ECDPM.
Chambers, R., 1983, Rural Development: Putting the Last First, London, Longman.
Conyers, Diana, 1990, ‘Decentralisation and Development Planning: A Comparative Perspective’, in P.
de Valk and K.H. Wekwete, eds., Decentralisation for Participatory Planning?, Aldershot, Gower
Publishing Company, pp. 15-33.
Fortmann, Louise and Nontokozo, Nabane, 1992, ‘The Fruits of their Labours: Gender, Property and
Trees in Mhondoro District’, University of Zimbabwe Occasional Paper, Centre for Applied Social Sciences.
Godwin, P., 1996, Mukiwa: A White Boy in Africa, New York, Harper Perennial. Government of
Zimbabwe, 1994, Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Appropriate Agricultural Land Tenure
Systems, Harare, Government Printers.
Hasler, R., 1993, ‘Political Ecologies of Scale and Multi-tiered Co-management of Zimbabwean
Wildlife Resources under CAMPFIRE’, Harare, Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe.
Hesseling, G., 1996, ‘Legal and Institutional Incentives for Local Environmental Management’, in
Improved Natural Resource Management: The Role of Formal Organisations and Informal Networks and
Institutions, Henrik Secher Marcussen, ed., International Development Studies, Rosklide University,
Occasional Paper No. 17, pp. 98-134.
Holm, J.D., Molutsi, P.P., and Somolokae, G., 1996, ‘The Development of Civil Society in a
Democratic State: The Botswana Model’, African Studies Review, Vol. 39, pp. 43- 69.
Lan, D., 1985, Guns and Rain: Guerillas and Spirit Mediums in Zimbabwe, London, James Currey.
Lovell, C., Mandondo, A., and Moriarty, P., 2003, ‘The Question of Scale in Integrated Natural
Resource Management’, in B.M. Campbell and J.A. Sayer, eds., Integrated Natural Resource
Management: Linking Productivity, the Environment and Development, Bogor, CABI Publishing in
Association with the Centre for International Forestry Research, pp. 109-38.
Mandondo, A., 2001, ‘Situating Zimbabwe’s Natural Resource Governance Systems in History’, Centre
for International Forestry Research, Working Paper 32, Bogor, Centre for International Forestry Research.
Martin, R.B., 1986, ‘Communal Lands Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE)’,
Government of Zimbabwe, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management.
McGregor, J., 1995, ‘Conservation, Control and Ecological Change: The Politics and Ecology of
Colonial Conservation in Shurugwi, Zimbabwe’, Environment and History, Vol 1, pp. 257-79.
Moyo, S., Robinson, D., Katerere, Y., Stevenson, S., and Gumbo, D., 1991, Zimbabwe’s Environmental
Dilemma: Balancing Resource Inequities, Harare, ZERO.
Murombedzi, J.,1991, ‘Decentralising Common Property Resources Management: A Case Study of the
Nyaminyami District Council of Zimbabwe’s Wildlife Management Programme’, IIED Paper No. 30,
London, IIED.
Murphree, M.W., 1991, ‘Communities as Institutions for Resource Management’, mimeo, Harare, Centre
for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe. Murphree, M.W., and Cumming, D.H.M., 1991,
‘Savanna Land Use Policy and Practice in Zimbabwe’, Paper presented at the UNESCO/IUBS Conference
on Savanna Land Use, Nairobi, January 1991.
Phimister, Ian, 1989, ‘Discourse and the Discipline of Historical Context: Conservationism and
Ideas about Development in Southern Rhodesia, 1930- 1950’, Journal of Southern African Studies,
(2), pp. 263-75.
Reason, P., 1999, ‘Integrating Action and Reflection through Co-operative Inquiry’, Management
Learning, Special Issue: The Action Dimension in Management: Diverse Approaches to Research,
Teaching and Development, Vol 30, No. 2, pp. 207-27.
Ribot, J.C., 1999, ‘Decentralisation, Participation and Accountability in Sahelian Forestry: Legal
Instruments of Political-administrative Control’, Africa, Vol 69, pp. 23-65.
Ruitenbeek, J. and Cartier, C., 2001, ‘The Invisible Wand: Adaptive Co- Management as an Emergent
Strategy in Complex Bio-economic Systems’, Centre for International Forestry Research, Occasional
Paper 34, Bogor, Centre for International Forestry Research.
Sayer, J.A. and Campbell, B.M., 2003, ‘Research to Integrate Productivity Enhancement,
Environmental Protection, and Human Development’, in B.M. Campbell and J.A. Sayer, eds., Integrated
Natural Resource Management: Linking Productivity, the Environment and Development, Bogor, CABI
Publishing in Association with the Centre for International Forestry Research, pp. 1-14.
Scoones, I., & Matose, F., 1993, ‘Local Woodland Management: Constraints and Opportunities for
Sustainable Resource Use’, in P.N. Bradley and K. McNamara, eds., Living with Trees: Policies for
Woodland Management in Zimbabwe, Washington D.C., World Bank, pp. 157-98.
Wekwete, K.H.,1990, ‘Constraints to Planning for Socialism in Zimbabwe’, in de Valk, P. and
Wekwete, K.H., eds., Decentralization for Participatory Planning?
Aldershot, Gower Publishing Company, pp. 37-51.