8 - An Empirical Profile of Weak States in Sub-Saharan Africa
Corresponding Author(s) : Yoku Shaw-Taylor
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 28 No 3-4 (2003): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Cette contribution présente une construction empirique, permettant de décrire les attributs des états faibles, en Afrique, à l'aide de la « Minorities at Risk Database » (Base de Données sur les Minorités Menacées). Les états faibles sont décrits comme des états souffrant d'inégalités structurelles, dont les composants sont la différentiation économique, l'inégalité culturelle (ou sociale), ainsi que l'inégalité politique. Nous nous sommes servis de cette construction, pour diviser les conflits inter communautaires en deux périodes : de 1940 à 1989, et à partir de 1990. Les analyses ont montré que la construction basée sur l'inégalité structurelle est crédible, et que la probabilité d'éclatement de conflits intercommunautaires entre 1940 et 1989 était liée aux différentiels culturels.
Les résultats suggèrent également que l'inégalité structurelle, en soi, ne provoque pas directement de conflits intercommunautaires. Nous affirmons que l'addition d'une variable démontrant la prévalence du phénomène des armes légères permettra d'améliorer la justesse des prévisions de ce modèle. La distribution de fréquence de ce modèle a révélé qu'il existe une forte incidence de conflits intercommunautaires dans la région et que trois pays, en particulier constituaient « les champions en la matière ».
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- Cohen R. and Deng, F., 1998, 'Exodus within Borders: The Uprooted Who Never Left Home', Foreign Affairs, July/August.
- Coquery-Vidrovitch, C., 1993, 'Economie Changes in Africain the World Con text', in General Histo,y of Africa: Africa Since 1935, Mazrui, Ali A., ed.,UNESCO, Califomia, Heinemann.
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- Ekeh, P., 1998, 'Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa: A Theoretical State ment', in Lewis, Peter ed., Afi-ica: Dilemmas of Development and Change, Boulder, Colorado, West View Press.
- Elaigwu, J. 1., and Mazrui, Ali A., 1993, 'Nation-building and Changing Political Structures', in General History of Africa: Africa Since 1935, edited by Ali A. Mazrui, UNESCO, Califomia, Heinemann.
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- Hurst, C. E. 1992. Social Inequality: Forms. Causes and Consequences, Boston, Allyn and Bacon.
- Kipre, P., 1993, 'Industrial Dcvelopment and Urban Growth 1935-80', in Gen eral History o/Aji-ica: Afi-ica Since 1935, edited by Ali A. Mazrui, UNESCO, Califomia, Heinemann.
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- Human Development Report 2000, United Nations Development ProgrammNew York, Oxford University Press.
- Migdal, J.S., 1988, Strong Societies and Weak States, Princeton, Princeton Uni versity Press.
- Minorities at Risk Dataset Users Manual, 2002, University of Maryland Center for International Development and Conflict Management, College Park.
- Nkrumah, K., 1965, Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage qf /mperialism, London, Panaf Books.
- Nkrumah, K., 1973, The Struggle Continues, London, PanafBooks.
- Owusu, M., 1993, 'Agriculture and Rural Development Since 1935', in General History of Africa: Afl"ica Since 1935, edited by Ali A. Mazrui, UNESCO, California, Heinemann.
- Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the problem, Graduate Institute of Interna tional Studies, Geneva.
- Tilly, C., 1985, 'War Making and State Making as Organized Crime', in Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer & Theda Skocpol eds., Bringing the State Back ln, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press.
- Young, C., 1994, 'Evolving Modes ofConsciousness and Ideology: Nationalism and Ethnicity', in Political Development and the New Realism in Sub-saharan Africa. Apter D. and C. G. Rosberg eds., Charlottesville, University of Vir ginia Press.
- United Nations, l997, 'Report of the Panel of Government Experts on Small Arms', United Nations, New York.Wood, B. and J. Peleman, 1999, The Arms Fixers: Controlling the Brokers and Shipping Agents, Oslo, PRIO.
Les références
Ayoob, M., 1995, The Third Wor/d Security Predicament: State Making. Regional Conjlict and the International System, Boulder, Colorado, Lynne Rienner. Babu, A.M. 1996. 'The New World Disorder - Which Way Africa?', in Pan
Africanism: Politics, Economy and Social Change in the Twenty-jirst Cen tury, edited by Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem, New York, New York University Press.
Boutwell, J. and Klare, M., 2000, 'Waging A New Kind of War: A Scourge of Small Arms', Scientific American June.
Chabal P. and Daloz, Jean-Pascal, 2001, Africa Works: Disorder as Political In strument, International Africa lnstitute, James Currey & Indiana University Press.
Chazan, N., Lewis, P., Mortimer, R.A., Rothchild, D., Stedman, S.J., 1999, Poli tics and Socie(v in Contemporary Africa, 3rd ed., Boulder, Colorado, Lynne Rienner.
Cohen R. and Deng, F., 1998, 'Exodus within Borders: The Uprooted Who Never Left Home', Foreign Affairs, July/August.
Coquery-Vidrovitch, C., 1993, 'Economie Changes in Africain the World Con text', in General Histo,y of Africa: Africa Since 1935, Mazrui, Ali A., ed.,UNESCO, Califomia, Heinemann.
Dia, M., 1996, Africa s Management in the 1990s and Beyond: Reconciling Indigenous and Transplanted Institutions, Washington, World Bank.
Ekeh, P., 1998, 'Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa: A Theoretical State ment', in Lewis, Peter ed., Afi-ica: Dilemmas of Development and Change, Boulder, Colorado, West View Press.
Elaigwu, J. 1., and Mazrui, Ali A., 1993, 'Nation-building and Changing Political Structures', in General History of Africa: Africa Since 1935, edited by Ali A. Mazrui, UNESCO, Califomia, Heinemann.
Englcbert, P., 1997, 'The Contcmporary African State: Neither African nor State',Third World Quarter/y, Vol. 18, No 4, pp 767-775.
Gamba, Y. 1998. 'Small Anns Foster Social Turmoil: Illegal trafficking Disrupts African Communities, Spreads Crime', New York, United Nations.
Hurst, C. E. 1992. Social Inequality: Forms. Causes and Consequences, Boston, Allyn and Bacon.
Kipre, P., 1993, 'Industrial Dcvelopment and Urban Growth 1935-80', in Gen eral History o/Aji-ica: Afi-ica Since 1935, edited by Ali A. Mazrui, UNESCO, Califomia, Heinemann.
Ki-Zerbo, J., Mazrui, Ali A., Wondji, C., and Boahen, A.A., 1993, 'Nation-building and Changing Political Values', in General Histo,:v o.fAfi-ica: Afi-ica Since/935, editcd by Ali A. Mazrui, UNESCO, California, Heinemann.
Lumpc, L., 2000, Rw111ing Guns: The Gloha/ Black Market in Sma/1 Arms, New York. Zed Books.
Human Development Report 2000, United Nations Development ProgrammNew York, Oxford University Press.
Migdal, J.S., 1988, Strong Societies and Weak States, Princeton, Princeton Uni versity Press.
Minorities at Risk Dataset Users Manual, 2002, University of Maryland Center for International Development and Conflict Management, College Park.
Nkrumah, K., 1965, Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage qf /mperialism, London, Panaf Books.
Nkrumah, K., 1973, The Struggle Continues, London, PanafBooks.
Owusu, M., 1993, 'Agriculture and Rural Development Since 1935', in General History of Africa: Afl"ica Since 1935, edited by Ali A. Mazrui, UNESCO, California, Heinemann.
Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the problem, Graduate Institute of Interna tional Studies, Geneva.
Tilly, C., 1985, 'War Making and State Making as Organized Crime', in Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer & Theda Skocpol eds., Bringing the State Back ln, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press.
Young, C., 1994, 'Evolving Modes ofConsciousness and Ideology: Nationalism and Ethnicity', in Political Development and the New Realism in Sub-saharan Africa. Apter D. and C. G. Rosberg eds., Charlottesville, University of Vir ginia Press.
United Nations, l997, 'Report of the Panel of Government Experts on Small Arms', United Nations, New York.Wood, B. and J. Peleman, 1999, The Arms Fixers: Controlling the Brokers and Shipping Agents, Oslo, PRIO.