3 - Why the African Union Should be Dismantled and Buried with Gaddafi
Corresponding Author(s) : S.N. Sangmpam
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 43 No 3 (2018): Afrique et développement
Résumé
L’un des projets les plus durables des panafricanistes est la création d’une union panafricaine comme solution au problème socio-économique de l’Afrique. Ils considèrent que l’absence d’une telle union est l’une des principales causes de la situation. De Nkrumah à l’Union africaine (UA) en passant par l’Organisation de l’unité africaine (OUA), leurs désaccords ont porté sur les voies et les moyens pour atteindre cet objectif. À leur avis, le développement de l’Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) est indissociable de celui de l’Afrique du Nord. L'auteur soutient que ce n’est pas et ne devrait pas être le cas, car les résultats socio-économiques de l’Afrique subsaharienne et leurs causes divergent organiquement de ceux de l’Afrique du Nord. En tant que symbole institutionnel de cette vision panafricaine, l’UA devrait être démantelée. L’Afrique subsaharienne devrait pouvoir se reconstituer, sans l’Afrique du Nord, en une uni-fédération autonome, organiquement intégrée, capable d’aborder et de résoudre ses problèmes. La disparition de Kadhafi le permet.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Maddox, G., 2006, Sub-Saharan Africa: An Environmental History, Denver, CO: ABC - CLIO.
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- Nkrumah, K., 1970, Africa Must Unite, New York: International Publishers.
- Nunn, N., 2007, ‘The long-term effects of Africa’s slave trade’, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 13367, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Ofosu-Amaah, S, 1997, ‘Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: Overview’, in R.G. Feachem and D.T. Jamison, eds, Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Rodney, W., 1982, How Europe Undeveloped Africa, Washington, DC: Howard University Press.
- Sangmpam, S.N., 2007a, Comparing Apples and Mangoes: The Overpoliticized State in Developing Countries, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
- Sangmpam, S.N., 2007b, ‘Politics rule: the false primacy of institutions in developing countries’, Political Studies 55: 201–24.
- Spencer, W.J, ed., 2007, Global Studies: The Middle East, 11th edition, Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill.
- Taylor, D., 1996, ‘Mountains’, in W.M. Adams, A.S. Goudie and A.R. Orme, eds, The Physical Geography of Africa, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Thompson, B.V., 1969, Africa and Unity: The Evolution of Pan-Africanism, New York: Humanities Press.
- Thornton, J., 1992, Africa and the Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Tribe, L., 2000, American Constitutional Law, New York: Foundation Press.
- Vansina, J., 1992, ‘Population Movements and the Emergence of New Socio-political Forms in Africa’, in B.A. Ogot, ed., UNESCO General History of Africa. Volume V: Africa from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
- World Bank, 1989, Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth, Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Yakan, M.Z, 1999, Almanac of African Peoples and Nations, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Les références
Allen, H., 1996, ‘Mediterranean Environments’, in W.M.
Adams, A.S. Goudie and A.R. Orme, eds, The Physical Geography of Africa, New York: Oxford University Press.
Allison, S., 2012, ‘After Gaddafi, who will fund the AU?’, Daily Maverick, 12 June.
Areola, S.E., 1996, ‘Soils’, in W.M. Adams, A.S. Goudie and A.R. Orme, eds, The Physical Geography of Africa, New York: Oxford University Press.
Awuah, E., 2006, ‘Feature: the saga of the returnee/expatriate’, www.ghanaweb.com, Diasporian News, 28 April.
Ayittey, G., 2005, Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa’s Future, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Carpenter, S., 1979, Atlas of Man and His World, New York: Facts on File.
Chapman, T.R. et al., 2001, ‘Primates and the ecology of their infectious diseases: how will anthropogenic change affect host-parasite interactions?’, Evolutionary Anthropology 14: 133–44.
Crosby, A.W., 1986, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe 900–1900, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Curtin, P., 1968, ‘Epidemiology and the slave trade’, Political Science Quarterly 83 (2): 190–216.
Curtin, P., 1988, Disease and Empire: The Health of European Troops in the Conquest of Africa, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Diamond, J., 1999, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, London: N.W. Norton and Company.
Ehret, C., 1984, ‘The East African interior’, in D. T. Niane, ed., UNESCO General History of Africa. Volume IV: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century, Los Angeles: University of California Press."
Fage, J.D. with Tordoff, W. 2002, A History of Africa, 4th edition, London: Routledge.
Gallup, J. et al., 2003, Is Geography Destiny? Lessons from Latin America, New York: Inter-American Development Bank.
Gourou, P., 1966, The Tropical World: Its Social and Economic Conditions and Its Future Status, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Hammond, 1990, The Ultimate Atlas, Vol. 2. New Jersey: Newsweek Union Publications.
Harter, P., 2005, BBC Focus on Africa, 16 (3), July–September.
Inikory, J.E., ed., 1982, Forced Migration: The Impact of the Export Slave Trade on African Societies, London: Hutchinson.
Kamgang, H., 1993, Au-delà de la Conférence Nationale : Pour Les États-Unis d’Afrique, Paris: L’Harmattan.
Kodjo, E., 1985, Et Demain L’Afrique, Paris: Stock.
Krabacher, T. et al., eds, 2009, Global Studies: Africa, 12th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Larson, K. and Vogl, M., 2011, ‘Africans remember Gaddafi as martyr, benefactor’, Associated Press, 24 October.
Lovejoy, P.E, ed., 1986, Africans in Bondage: Studies in Slavery and the Slave Trade, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Lwanga-Lunyiigo, S. and Vansina, J., 1988, ‘The Bantu Speaking Peoples and their Expansion’, in M. Elfasi, ed., UNESCO General History of Africa. Volume III: Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Maathai, W., 2009, The Challenge for Africa, New York: Anchor Books.
Madison, A., 2001, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, Paris: OECD. Maddox, G., 2006, Sub-Saharan Africa: An Environmental History, Denver, CO: ABC- CLIO
Maathai, W., 2009, The Challenge for Africa, New York: Anchor Books. Madison, A., 2001, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, Paris: OECD.
Maddox, G., 2006, Sub-Saharan Africa: An Environmental History, Denver, CO: ABC - CLIO.
Manning, P., ed., 1996, Slave Trades, 1500-1800: Globalization of Forced Labour, Aldershot: Variorum.
Meadows, M.E., 1996, ‘Biogeography’, in W.M. Adams, A.S. Goudie and A.R. Orme, eds, The Physical Geography of Africa, New York: Oxford University Press.
Meillassoux, C., 1991, The Anthropology of Slavery: The Womb of Iron and Gold, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Miers, S. and Kopytoff, I., eds, 1977, Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin.
Mones, H., 1988, ‘The Conquest of North Africa and the Berber Resistance’, in M. Elfasi, ed., UNESCO General History of Africa. Volume III: Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, Los Angeles: University of California Press."
Nasser, G.A., 1955, Philosophy of the Revolution, Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press.
Newman, J., 1995, The Peopling of Africa: A Geographic Interpretation, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Ngcongco, L.D., 1989, ‘The Mfecane and the Rise of the New African States’, in J.F. Ade Ajayi, ed., UNESCO General History of Africa. Volume VI: Africa in the Nineteenth Century Until the 1880s, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Nicholson, S.E., 1989, ‘Environmental Change within the Historical Period’, in W.M. Adams, A.S. Goudie and A.R. Orme, eds, The Physical Geography of Africa, New York: Oxford University Press.
Nkrumah, K., 1970, Africa Must Unite, New York: International Publishers.
Nunn, N., 2007, ‘The long-term effects of Africa’s slave trade’, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 13367, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Ofosu-Amaah, S, 1997, ‘Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: Overview’, in R.G. Feachem and D.T. Jamison, eds, Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, New York: Oxford University Press.
Rodney, W., 1982, How Europe Undeveloped Africa, Washington, DC: Howard University Press.
Sangmpam, S.N., 2007a, Comparing Apples and Mangoes: The Overpoliticized State in Developing Countries, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Sangmpam, S.N., 2007b, ‘Politics rule: the false primacy of institutions in developing countries’, Political Studies 55: 201–24.
Spencer, W.J, ed., 2007, Global Studies: The Middle East, 11th edition, Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill.
Taylor, D., 1996, ‘Mountains’, in W.M. Adams, A.S. Goudie and A.R. Orme, eds, The Physical Geography of Africa, New York: Oxford University Press.
Thompson, B.V., 1969, Africa and Unity: The Evolution of Pan-Africanism, New York: Humanities Press.
Thornton, J., 1992, Africa and the Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tribe, L., 2000, American Constitutional Law, New York: Foundation Press.
Vansina, J., 1992, ‘Population Movements and the Emergence of New Socio-political Forms in Africa’, in B.A. Ogot, ed., UNESCO General History of Africa. Volume V: Africa from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
World Bank, 1989, Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable Growth, Washington, DC: World Bank.
Yakan, M.Z, 1999, Almanac of African Peoples and Nations, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.