3 - Regional Economic Integration and the Governance Challenge in Africa: Missing Links in the African Peer Review Mechanism
Corresponding Author(s) : Peace Akudo Jiboku
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 41 No 2 (2016): Afrique et développement
Résumé
De plus en plus de chercheurs et d’observateurs s’accordent sur le fait que les questions critiques sur la gouvernance et le développement en Afrique, qui sont restées sans solution, continuent de faire obstacle aux efforts d’intégration économique de l’Afrique. Bien que le continent ait connu des phases différentes dans l’évolution de l’intégration économique régionale et malgré la place centrale que le régionalisme continue d’occuper dans le programme de développement de l’Afrique, il manque un lien entre les efforts des États africains et les organisations régionales pour l’atteinte des objectifs clés en matière d’intégration régionale. Cela s’explique notamment par deux facteurs: les problèmes saillants tels que le manque de bonne gouvernance et de démocratie, le manque de leadership et la mauvaise gestion interne; et l’accent soutenu mis sur la souveraineté absolue et les questions liées à l’opposition entre les intérêts nationaux et les intérêts régionaux. Ainsi, l’Afrique est la région la moins intégrée et développée du monde. Le présent article examine la problématique de l’intégration économique régionale en Afrique sous l’angle des déficits de gouvernance dans les pays africains. Il adopte une méthodologie de recherche qualitative et se fonde sur des données provenant de la littérature, des sources primaires (interviews) et des documents officiels/documents d’archives. A travers une analyse thématique du discours et s’inspirant des théories du fonctionnalisme/ néo-fonctionnalisme et du néo-réalisme, l’article évalue l’efficacité du Mécanisme africain d’évaluation par les pairs (MEAP) pour soulever les questions sur le régionalisme en Afrique. Il identifie les liens manquants dans le processus du MAEP en matière de promotion des objectifs d’intégration et de développement de l’Union africaine/du NEPAD.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Adedeji, A., 2002, History and Prospects for Regional Integration in Africa, paper presented at the Third Meeting of the African Development Forum, Addis Ababa. 5 March.
- Adedeji, A., 2004, ‘NEPAD: Yet Another Plan, Another Initiative and New Partnership?’ In B. Onimode (ed.) African Development and Governance in the 21st Century: Looking Back to Move Forward – Essays in Honour of Adebayo Adedeji at Seventy, London and New York: ZED Books.
- Adetula, V.A.O., 2004, Regional integration in Africa: Prospect for Closer Cooperation Between West, East and Southern Africa, paper presented at the Meeting of IDASA/FREDSKORPSET Research Programme – Governance and Democracy, Parktonian Hotel, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2-4 May.
- Adogamhe, P.G., 2008, Pan-Africanism Re-visited: Vision and Reality of African Unity and Development, African Review of Integration, 2(2).
- AfriMAP, 2009, Strengthening Popular Participation in the African Union: A Guide to AU Structures and Processes, Oxfam and AfriMAP.
- Agubuzu, L.O.C., 2004, Regional Economic Integration: A Development Paradigm for Africa. In B. Onimode (ed.) African Development and Governance in the 21st Century: Looking Back to Move Forward – Essays in Honour of Adebayo Adedeji at Seventy, London and New York: Zed Books, pp.192-4.
- Akokpari, J., 2003. The OAU, AU, NEPAD and the Promotion of Good Governance in Africa. Occasional Paper 14, Electoral Institute of Southern Africa.
- Akokpari, J., 2010/11, Politics and Governance in Africa. In K.G. Adar, M.K. Juma, and K.N. Miti (eds.) The State of Africa – Parameters and Legacies of Governance and Issue Areas 2010/11. Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa, pp. 69-82.
- APRM, 2003, Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), [NEPAD/HSGIC/03-2003/APRM/ MOU].
- APRM, 2003, Base Document, [AHG/235(XXXVIII) Annex I1].
- AU/NEPAD, 2003, Guidelines for Countries to Prepare for and to Participate in the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), NEPAD/APRM/Panel2/country/10-2003/Doc 7.
- Collard-Wexler, S., 2006, Integration Under Anarchy: Neo-realism and the European Union, European Journal of International Relations 12, 6 September, SAGE Publishers.
- Economic Commission for Africa, 2008, African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) Handbook for African Civil Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA.
- Economic Commission for Africa, 2010, Assessing Regional Integration in Africa IV: Enhancing Intra-African Trade, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA.
- Economic Commission for Africa, 2011a, Progress Report on the Implementation of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), Second Meeting of the Committee on Governance and Popular Participation (CGPP), United Nations Conference Centre, Addis Ababa, 9-10 March.
- Economic Commission for Africa, 2011b, Capturing the 21st Century: African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) Best Practices and Lessons Learned, Addis-Ababa: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA.
- Economic Commission for Africa, 2011c, Diversity Management in Africa: Findings from the African Peer Review Mechanism and a Framework for Analysis and Policy Making, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA.
- Gibb, R., 2009, Regional Integration and Africa’s Development Trajectory: Metatheories, Expectations and Reality, Third World Quarterly, 30(4). Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 701-721.
- Haas, E., 1971, The Study of Regional Integration: Reflections on the Joys and Anguish of Pre-theorising. In L.N. Lindberg and S.A. Scheingold (eds.) Regional Integration: Theory and Research, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
- Hartzenberg, T., 2011, Regional Integration in Africa. Staff Working Paper ERSP-2011-14. Economic Research and Statistics Division, World Trade Organisation, pp. 1-8.
- Lamberte, M.B., 2004, Part of 1 Programme to Support Regional Economic Cooperation in Asia. High Level Certificate on Asia’s Economic Cooperation and Integration. 1 -2 July, ADB Headquarters Manila, Philippines, p. 4.
- Landsberg, C., 2012, Reflections on the African Union After Decade One: Looking Back in order to Look Forward, Africa Insight, 42(3), pp. 1-11.
- Mulikita, N.M., 2005, NEPAD’s African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), Bureaucratic Reform and the Challenge of Wealth Creation in Africa. Paper prepared for the African Association for Public Administration and Management, 26th annual roundtable conference, Whitesands Hotel, Mombasa, 7–11 March.
- Murithi, T. 2008, Contextualising the Debate on a Union Government for Africa. In T. Murithi, Towards a Union Government for Africa – Challenges and Opportunities. Monograph Series 140, Institute for Security Studies.
- NEPAD, 2011, NEPAD – A Continental Thrust: Advancing Africa’s Development, Midrand, South Africa: NEPAD Planning and Coordination Agency.
- NEPAD/ECA/OSAA, 2012, Africa’s Decade of Change – Reflections on 10 Years of NEPAD, Midrand, South Africa: NEPAD Planning and Coordination Agency.
- Okeke Uzodike, U., 2010/11, Pan-African governance architecture: Prospects and future. In K.G. Adar, M.K. Juma and K.N. Miti (eds.) The State of Africa – Parameters and Legacies of Governance and Issue Areas, 2010/11, Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa, pp. 87-100.
- Okeke Uzodike, U., 2009, The Role of Regional Economic Communities in Africa’s Eco-nomic Integration: Prospects and Constraints, Africa Insight, 39 (2), pp. 26-42.
- Qobo, M., 2007, The Challenges of Regional Integration in Africa: In the Context of Globalisation and the Prospects for a United States of Africa, Institute of Security Studies, Paper 145.
- South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), 2010, The African Peer Review Mechanism: Progress and Prospects, Occasional Paper No. 59, SAIIA Roundtable.
- Tungwarara, O., 2010, The African Peer Review Mechanism: A Compilation of Studies of the Process in Nine African Countries, Johannesburg, South Africa: Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa.
Les références
Adedeji, A., 2002, History and Prospects for Regional Integration in Africa, paper presented at the Third Meeting of the African Development Forum, Addis Ababa. 5 March.
Adedeji, A., 2004, ‘NEPAD: Yet Another Plan, Another Initiative and New Partnership?’ In B. Onimode (ed.) African Development and Governance in the 21st Century: Looking Back to Move Forward – Essays in Honour of Adebayo Adedeji at Seventy, London and New York: ZED Books.
Adetula, V.A.O., 2004, Regional integration in Africa: Prospect for Closer Cooperation Between West, East and Southern Africa, paper presented at the Meeting of IDASA/FREDSKORPSET Research Programme – Governance and Democracy, Parktonian Hotel, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2-4 May.
Adogamhe, P.G., 2008, Pan-Africanism Re-visited: Vision and Reality of African Unity and Development, African Review of Integration, 2(2).
AfriMAP, 2009, Strengthening Popular Participation in the African Union: A Guide to AU Structures and Processes, Oxfam and AfriMAP.
Agubuzu, L.O.C., 2004, Regional Economic Integration: A Development Paradigm for Africa. In B. Onimode (ed.) African Development and Governance in the 21st Century: Looking Back to Move Forward – Essays in Honour of Adebayo Adedeji at Seventy, London and New York: Zed Books, pp.192-4.
Akokpari, J., 2003. The OAU, AU, NEPAD and the Promotion of Good Governance in Africa. Occasional Paper 14, Electoral Institute of Southern Africa.
Akokpari, J., 2010/11, Politics and Governance in Africa. In K.G. Adar, M.K. Juma, and K.N. Miti (eds.) The State of Africa – Parameters and Legacies of Governance and Issue Areas 2010/11. Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa, pp. 69-82.
APRM, 2003, Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), [NEPAD/HSGIC/03-2003/APRM/ MOU].
APRM, 2003, Base Document, [AHG/235(XXXVIII) Annex I1].
AU/NEPAD, 2003, Guidelines for Countries to Prepare for and to Participate in the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), NEPAD/APRM/Panel2/country/10-2003/Doc 7.
Collard-Wexler, S., 2006, Integration Under Anarchy: Neo-realism and the European Union, European Journal of International Relations 12, 6 September, SAGE Publishers.
Economic Commission for Africa, 2008, African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) Handbook for African Civil Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA.
Economic Commission for Africa, 2010, Assessing Regional Integration in Africa IV: Enhancing Intra-African Trade, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA.
Economic Commission for Africa, 2011a, Progress Report on the Implementation of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), Second Meeting of the Committee on Governance and Popular Participation (CGPP), United Nations Conference Centre, Addis Ababa, 9-10 March.
Economic Commission for Africa, 2011b, Capturing the 21st Century: African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) Best Practices and Lessons Learned, Addis-Ababa: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA.
Economic Commission for Africa, 2011c, Diversity Management in Africa: Findings from the African Peer Review Mechanism and a Framework for Analysis and Policy Making, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ECA.
Gibb, R., 2009, Regional Integration and Africa’s Development Trajectory: Metatheories, Expectations and Reality, Third World Quarterly, 30(4). Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 701-721.
Haas, E., 1971, The Study of Regional Integration: Reflections on the Joys and Anguish of Pre-theorising. In L.N. Lindberg and S.A. Scheingold (eds.) Regional Integration: Theory and Research, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Hartzenberg, T., 2011, Regional Integration in Africa. Staff Working Paper ERSP-2011-14. Economic Research and Statistics Division, World Trade Organisation, pp. 1-8.
Lamberte, M.B., 2004, Part of 1 Programme to Support Regional Economic Cooperation in Asia. High Level Certificate on Asia’s Economic Cooperation and Integration. 1 -2 July, ADB Headquarters Manila, Philippines, p. 4.
Landsberg, C., 2012, Reflections on the African Union After Decade One: Looking Back in order to Look Forward, Africa Insight, 42(3), pp. 1-11.
Mulikita, N.M., 2005, NEPAD’s African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), Bureaucratic Reform and the Challenge of Wealth Creation in Africa. Paper prepared for the African Association for Public Administration and Management, 26th annual roundtable conference, Whitesands Hotel, Mombasa, 7–11 March.
Murithi, T. 2008, Contextualising the Debate on a Union Government for Africa. In T. Murithi, Towards a Union Government for Africa – Challenges and Opportunities. Monograph Series 140, Institute for Security Studies.
NEPAD, 2011, NEPAD – A Continental Thrust: Advancing Africa’s Development, Midrand, South Africa: NEPAD Planning and Coordination Agency.
NEPAD/ECA/OSAA, 2012, Africa’s Decade of Change – Reflections on 10 Years of NEPAD, Midrand, South Africa: NEPAD Planning and Coordination Agency.
Okeke Uzodike, U., 2010/11, Pan-African governance architecture: Prospects and future. In K.G. Adar, M.K. Juma and K.N. Miti (eds.) The State of Africa – Parameters and Legacies of Governance and Issue Areas, 2010/11, Pretoria, South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa, pp. 87-100.
Okeke Uzodike, U., 2009, The Role of Regional Economic Communities in Africa’s Eco-nomic Integration: Prospects and Constraints, Africa Insight, 39 (2), pp. 26-42.
Qobo, M., 2007, The Challenges of Regional Integration in Africa: In the Context of Globalisation and the Prospects for a United States of Africa, Institute of Security Studies, Paper 145.
South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), 2010, The African Peer Review Mechanism: Progress and Prospects, Occasional Paper No. 59, SAIIA Roundtable.
Tungwarara, O., 2010, The African Peer Review Mechanism: A Compilation of Studies of the Process in Nine African Countries, Johannesburg, South Africa: Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa.