6 - The Role of Older Persons in Uganda: Assessing Socio-demographic Determinants of Older Persons’ Value
Corresponding Author(s) : Abel Nzabona
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 40 No 4 (2015): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Des recherches approfondies ont été menées sur diverses questions sociodémographiques telles que la mortalité infantile et maternelle en Ouganda, mais la contribution des personnes âgées dans leurs foyers et leurs communautés a été relativement peu examinée. Cet article vient combler le fossé en traitant de la prévalence et des déterminants de la valeur des personnes âgées de soixante ans et plus dans le pays. Quatre districts ruraux ont été choisis au hasard contre une zone urbaine choisie à dessein dans une étude transversale menée de mars à avril 2012. Un questionnaire administré par l’intervieweur a été utilisé pour recueillir des données sur 605 personnes âgées L’engagement dans des activités génératrices de revenus, la possession de connaissances indigènes, les conseils en matière de normes de comportement, le rôle joué dans les organisations sociales, la propagation des normes culturelles, la dispensation de médicaments locaux et la fourniture de soins aux enfants ont été les aspects liés à la valeur qui ont fait l’objet de l’étude. En utilisant la technique de mise à l’échelle, ces huit variables ont été regroupées en un seul indicateur total de la valeur, défini sur le plan opérationnel comme valeur globale. La variable a ensuite été dichotomisée en valeur globale faible et en valeur globale élevée. La régression logistique binaire a été utilisée pour analyser les facteurs sociodémographiques prédisant une valeur globale élevée. Les résultats indiquent que près de quatre sur dix personnes âgées avaient une valeur globale élevée. Comparées aux individus non instruits, ceux qui avaient un niveau d’enseignement primaire et secondaire ou supérieur étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir une valeur globale élevée. Comparées aux personnes qui ne possédaient pas de terre, celles qui en possédaient étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir une valeur globale élevée. Les résultats indiquent en outre que le fait d’avoir des enfants ayant migré prédisait une valeur globale élevée. Comparées à celles qui vivaient dans la région centrale du pays, les personnes âgées vivant dans les régions occidentales, orientales et la région de Kampala étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir une valeur globale élevée. Les résultats ont plusieurs implications, notamment pour la conception de futurs programmes socio-économiques, la création d’un fonds spécial vieillesse et l’amélioration de l’accès pour les apprenants et du taux de rétention dans le système éducatif national.
Mots-clés
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- Adams, K.B., Leibbrandt, S. and Moon, H., 2011, ‘A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life’, Ageing and Society 31 (4): 683–712.
- Akerreta, S., Calvo, M.I. and Cavero, R.Y., 2010, ‘Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Navarra (Iberian Peninsula)’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 130 (2): 369–78.
- Alexis, S., 2006, ‘Families Across Borders: The Effects of Migration on Family Members Remaining at Home’, University of North Carolina.
- Barrientos, A., Gorman, M. and Heslop, A., 2003, ‘Old age poverty in developing countries: contributions and dependence in later life’, World Development 31 (3): 555–70.
- Bath, P.A. and Deeg, D., 2005, ‘Social engagement and health outcomes among older people: introduction to a special section’, European Journal of Ageing 2 (1): 24–30.
- Cloos, P., Allen, C.F., Alvarado, B.E., Zunzunegui, M.V., Simeon, D.T. and Eldemire-Shearer, D., 2010, ‘“Active ageing”: a qualitative study in six Caribbean countries’, Ageing and Society 30 (1): 79–101.
- Czaja, S.J., 2007, ‘Productivity and age’, in J. Birren, ed., Encyclopedia of Growth, New York: Elsevier.
- Davey, J.A., 2002, ‘Active ageing and education in mid and later life’, Ageing and Society 22 (1): 95–113.
- De Albuquerque, U.P., Soldati, G.T., Sieber, S.S., Ramos, M.A., de Sá, J.C. and de Souza, L.C., 2011, ‘The use of plants in the medical system of the Fulni-ô people(NE Brazil): a perspective on age and gender’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133 (2): 866–73.
- Du, Y., Park, A. and Wang, S., 2005, ‘Migration and rural poverty in China’, Journal of Comparative Economics 33 (4): 688–709.
- Dudgeon, R.C. and Berkes, F., 2003, ‘Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge’, in H. Selin, ed., Nature Across Cultures, Springer.
- Erb, S., 2008, The Protection of Older People in Northern Uganda: Needs, Contributions and Barriers to Reurn, Geneva: HelpAge/UNHCR.
- Espenshade, T.J., 1977, ‘The value and cost of children’, Population Bulletin, 32 (1) n.1.
- Fawcett, J.T., 1985, Perceptions of the Value of Children: Satisfaction and Costs, East–West Center, East-West Population Institute.
- Giovannini, P., Reyes-García, V., Waldstein, A. and Heinrich, M., 2011, ‘Do pharmaceuticals displace local knowledge and use of medicinal plants? Estimates from a cross-sectional study in a rural indigenous community, Mexico’, Social Science and Medicine 72 (6): 928–36.
- Gray, A., 2009, ‘The social capital of older people’, Ageing and Society 29 (1): 5.
- Hayward, M. and Grady, W., 1990, ‘Work and retirement among a cohort of older men in the United States, 1966–1983’, Demography 27 (3): 337–56.
- Hoffman, L.W. and Manis, J.D., 1979, ‘The value of children in the United States: a new approach to the study of fertility’, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 583–96.
- Kish, L., 1965, Survey Sampling, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Massey, D.S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J E., 1993, ‘Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal’, Population and Development Review, 431–66.
- McMunn, A., Nazroo, J., Wahrendorf, M., Breeze, E. and Zaninotto, P., 2009, ‘Participation in socially-productive activities, reciprocity and wellbeing in later life: baseline results in England’, Ageing and Society 29 (5): 765–82.
- Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development (MoGLSD), 2009, National Policy for Older Persons. Unpublished Report, Kampala.
- Ntozi, J.P.M. and Nakayiwa, S., 1999, ‘AIDS in Uganda: how has the household coped with the epidemic?’, The Continuing African HIV/AIDS Epidemic, 155–81.
- Oppong, C., 2006, ‘Familial roles and social transformations: older men and women in sub-Saharan Africa’, Research on Aging 28 (6): 654–68.
- Perren, K., Arber, S. and Davidson, K., 2003, ‘Men’s organisational affiliations in later life: the influence of social class and marital status on informal group membership’, Ageing and Society 23 (1): 69–82.
- Perren, K., Arber, S. and Davidson, K., 2004, ‘Neighbouring in later life: the influence of socio-economic resources, gender and household composition on neighbourly relationships’, Sociology 38 (5): 965–84.
- Population Reference Bureau (PRB), 2013, World Population Data Sheet, Washington.
- Schatz, E. and Ogunmefun, C., 2007, ‘Caring and contributing: the role of older women in rural South African multi-generational households in the HIV/AIDS era’, World Development 35 (8): 1390–403.
- Scholten, F., Mugisha, J., Seeley, J., Kinyanda, E., Nakubukwa, S., Kowal, P. and Boerma, T., 2011, ‘Health and functional status among older people with HIV/AIDS in Uganda’, BMC Public Health 11: 886.
- Spitzer, H., Rwegoshora, H. and Mabeyo, Z.M., 2009, The (Missing) Social Protection for Older People in Tanzania: A Comparative Study in Rural and Urban Areas, Feldkirchen and Dar es Salaam: University of Applied Sciences (Austria) and Institute of Social Work (Tanzania).
- Ssengonzi, R., 2007, ‘The plight of older persons as caregivers to people infected/affected by HIV/AIDS: evidence from Uganda’, Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 22 (4): 339–53.
- Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), 2006, The 2005 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey Report, Kampala.
- Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), 2008, Inward Remittances, 2008, Kampala.
- Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), 2010, Uganda National Household Survey, 2009/2010. Socioeconomic Module. Abridged Report, Kampala.
- Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) (2012), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, 2011, Kampala.
- United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and Help Age International (HAI), 2012, Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge, New York.
- Wellman, B., 1992, ‘Which types of ties and networks provide what kinds of social support?’, Advances in Group Processes 9: 207–35.
- World Health Organisation (WHO), 2002, Active Ageing: A Policy Framework. A contribution of the World Health Organization to the Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, April.
- World Health Organisation (WHO), 2011, Summary: World report on disability 2011, Geneva: World Health Organization.
- Women Royal Voluntary Service (WRVS), 2011, Gold Age Pensioners. Valuing the Socio-economic Contribution of Older People in the United Kingdom, London.
Les références
Adams, K.B., Leibbrandt, S. and Moon, H., 2011, ‘A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life’, Ageing and Society 31 (4): 683–712.
Akerreta, S., Calvo, M.I. and Cavero, R.Y., 2010, ‘Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Navarra (Iberian Peninsula)’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 130 (2): 369–78.
Alexis, S., 2006, ‘Families Across Borders: The Effects of Migration on Family Members Remaining at Home’, University of North Carolina.
Barrientos, A., Gorman, M. and Heslop, A., 2003, ‘Old age poverty in developing countries: contributions and dependence in later life’, World Development 31 (3): 555–70.
Bath, P.A. and Deeg, D., 2005, ‘Social engagement and health outcomes among older people: introduction to a special section’, European Journal of Ageing 2 (1): 24–30.
Cloos, P., Allen, C.F., Alvarado, B.E., Zunzunegui, M.V., Simeon, D.T. and Eldemire-Shearer, D., 2010, ‘“Active ageing”: a qualitative study in six Caribbean countries’, Ageing and Society 30 (1): 79–101.
Czaja, S.J., 2007, ‘Productivity and age’, in J. Birren, ed., Encyclopedia of Growth, New York: Elsevier.
Davey, J.A., 2002, ‘Active ageing and education in mid and later life’, Ageing and Society 22 (1): 95–113.
De Albuquerque, U.P., Soldati, G.T., Sieber, S.S., Ramos, M.A., de Sá, J.C. and de Souza, L.C., 2011, ‘The use of plants in the medical system of the Fulni-ô people(NE Brazil): a perspective on age and gender’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133 (2): 866–73.
Du, Y., Park, A. and Wang, S., 2005, ‘Migration and rural poverty in China’, Journal of Comparative Economics 33 (4): 688–709.
Dudgeon, R.C. and Berkes, F., 2003, ‘Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge’, in H. Selin, ed., Nature Across Cultures, Springer.
Erb, S., 2008, The Protection of Older People in Northern Uganda: Needs, Contributions and Barriers to Reurn, Geneva: HelpAge/UNHCR.
Espenshade, T.J., 1977, ‘The value and cost of children’, Population Bulletin, 32 (1) n.1.
Fawcett, J.T., 1985, Perceptions of the Value of Children: Satisfaction and Costs, East–West Center, East-West Population Institute.
Giovannini, P., Reyes-García, V., Waldstein, A. and Heinrich, M., 2011, ‘Do pharmaceuticals displace local knowledge and use of medicinal plants? Estimates from a cross-sectional study in a rural indigenous community, Mexico’, Social Science and Medicine 72 (6): 928–36.
Gray, A., 2009, ‘The social capital of older people’, Ageing and Society 29 (1): 5.
Hayward, M. and Grady, W., 1990, ‘Work and retirement among a cohort of older men in the United States, 1966–1983’, Demography 27 (3): 337–56.
Hoffman, L.W. and Manis, J.D., 1979, ‘The value of children in the United States: a new approach to the study of fertility’, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 583–96.
Kish, L., 1965, Survey Sampling, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Massey, D.S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J E., 1993, ‘Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal’, Population and Development Review, 431–66.
McMunn, A., Nazroo, J., Wahrendorf, M., Breeze, E. and Zaninotto, P., 2009, ‘Participation in socially-productive activities, reciprocity and wellbeing in later life: baseline results in England’, Ageing and Society 29 (5): 765–82.
Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development (MoGLSD), 2009, National Policy for Older Persons. Unpublished Report, Kampala.
Ntozi, J.P.M. and Nakayiwa, S., 1999, ‘AIDS in Uganda: how has the household coped with the epidemic?’, The Continuing African HIV/AIDS Epidemic, 155–81.
Oppong, C., 2006, ‘Familial roles and social transformations: older men and women in sub-Saharan Africa’, Research on Aging 28 (6): 654–68.
Perren, K., Arber, S. and Davidson, K., 2003, ‘Men’s organisational affiliations in later life: the influence of social class and marital status on informal group membership’, Ageing and Society 23 (1): 69–82.
Perren, K., Arber, S. and Davidson, K., 2004, ‘Neighbouring in later life: the influence of socio-economic resources, gender and household composition on neighbourly relationships’, Sociology 38 (5): 965–84.
Population Reference Bureau (PRB), 2013, World Population Data Sheet, Washington.
Schatz, E. and Ogunmefun, C., 2007, ‘Caring and contributing: the role of older women in rural South African multi-generational households in the HIV/AIDS era’, World Development 35 (8): 1390–403.
Scholten, F., Mugisha, J., Seeley, J., Kinyanda, E., Nakubukwa, S., Kowal, P. and Boerma, T., 2011, ‘Health and functional status among older people with HIV/AIDS in Uganda’, BMC Public Health 11: 886.
Spitzer, H., Rwegoshora, H. and Mabeyo, Z.M., 2009, The (Missing) Social Protection for Older People in Tanzania: A Comparative Study in Rural and Urban Areas, Feldkirchen and Dar es Salaam: University of Applied Sciences (Austria) and Institute of Social Work (Tanzania).
Ssengonzi, R., 2007, ‘The plight of older persons as caregivers to people infected/affected by HIV/AIDS: evidence from Uganda’, Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 22 (4): 339–53.
Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), 2006, The 2005 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey Report, Kampala.
Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), 2008, Inward Remittances, 2008, Kampala.
Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), 2010, Uganda National Household Survey, 2009/2010. Socioeconomic Module. Abridged Report, Kampala.
Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) (2012), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, 2011, Kampala.
United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and Help Age International (HAI), 2012, Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge, New York.
Wellman, B., 1992, ‘Which types of ties and networks provide what kinds of social support?’, Advances in Group Processes 9: 207–35.
World Health Organisation (WHO), 2002, Active Ageing: A Policy Framework. A contribution of the World Health Organization to the Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, April.
World Health Organisation (WHO), 2011, Summary: World report on disability 2011, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Women Royal Voluntary Service (WRVS), 2011, Gold Age Pensioners. Valuing the Socio-economic Contribution of Older People in the United Kingdom, London.