2 - Padvinders, Pandu, Pramuka: Youth and State in the 20th Century Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Pujo Semedi
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 36 No 3-4 (2011): Afrique et développement: Special Issue on ‘The Ideologies of Youth’
Résumé
Cet article explore le sens du grand et influent mouvement du scoutisme en Indonésie de la période juste avant et après l’indépendance jusqu’à nos jours. Ici encore, l’accent est mis sur la transmission d’un ensemble de valeurs spécifiques et d’un comportement qui étaient très importants pour le mouvement, mais qui étaient aussi encouragés par le régime indonésien. Pour ces valeurs, les jeunes étaient soumis à une discipline, à la politisation de leur préparation pour une bonne citoyenneté indonésienne, à l’acceptation du rôle des militaires aussi bien qu’à la mission civilisatrice dont a été sujet une bonne partie du monde bourgeois par rapport à l’habillement, le style, le comportement, le corps, le sens de la responsabilité, etc. Le patriotisme, avant tout, avait beaucoup d’importance. Par conséquent, le mouvement du scoutisme avait repris l’important pouvoir, quelque part révolutionnaire, qui du temps colonial était détenu par les mouvements de la jeunesse islamique contre les colons.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Abbas, M. Amin, 1990, Pedoman Lengkap Gerakan Pramuka, Semarang: Beringin Jaya.
- Abdulmuchni, Gatot Achmad, 1951, Kepanduan Indonesia dari masa ke masa. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
- Anderson, Benedict R. O’G, 1961, Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese Occupation: 1944-1945, Ithaca: Modern Indonesia Project.
- Baden-Powell, Lord RSS 1930, Rovering to Success, London: Herbert Jenkins Ltd. Baden-Powell, Lord RSS, 1936, ‘A New Development in the Scout Movement in South Africa’, Journal of the Royal African Society, vol. 35, no. 141.
- Baden-Powell, Lord RSS 2004, Scouting for Boys, edited with an Introduction, and Notes by Elleke Boehmer, Orig. 1908, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bowie, Katherine A., 1997, Rituals of National Loyalty. An Anthropology of the State and the Village Scout Movement in Thailand, New York: Columbia University Press. Djoemairi, M., nd,, Kitab Pemimpin Hizboel Wathan, Djokdjakarta: Centraal Magazijn Hizboel Wathan.
- Feith, Herbert, 1962, The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Furnivall, J. S., 1939, Netherlands India. A Study of Plural Economy, Cambridge: The University Press.
- Hoofdbestuur Muhammadijah, 1927a, Pengadjaran Hizboel Wathan, Djokjakarta: Taman Poestaka Muhammadijah.
- Hoofdbestuur Muhammadijah, 1927b, Qa’idah Moehammadijah Bahagian Hizboel-Wathan Hindia-Timoer, Djokjakarta: Taman Poestaka Muhammadijah. Kahin, George Mc, Turnan, 1952, Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Lombard, Dennys, 1990, Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, vol. I, Jakarta: Gramedia. Leembruggen, Peter, 2001, Het levensverhaal van een Indischepadvinder, California, Ventura.
- Lembaga Sedjarah PKI 1960, 40 Tahun PKI. 1920 – 1940, Jakarta: CC PKI. MacDonald, Robert H, 1993, Sons of the Empire: The Frontier and the Boy Scout Movement, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Macleod, David, 2001, ‘Act Your Age. Boyhood, Adolescence, and the Rise of the Boy Scouts of America’, Journal of Social History, vol. 16, no. 2.
- Mertoprawiro, H. Soedarsono, 1992, Pembinaan Gerakan Pramuka Dalam Membangun Watak dan Bangsa Indonesia, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
- Muecke, Marjorie A, 1980, ‘The Village Scouts of Thailand’, Asian Survey, vol. 20, no. 4.
- Muhammad, Ibrahim, 1952, Pandu, Jakarta, Kwartir: Besar Pandu Islam Indonesia. De Nederlandsche Padvinders, 1947, Achter Kawat en Gedek, Jakarta: de Nederlandsche Padvinders.
- Padmodiwiryo, Suhario, 1995, Memoar Hario Kecik. Otobiografi Seorang Mahasiswa Prajurit, Jakarta: Pustaka Utan Kayu.
- Pandu Rakjat Indonesia, 1950, 5 Tahun Pandu Rakjat Indonesia, Djakarta: Pengurus Besar PRI.
- Parsons, Timothy H., 2001, ‘No More English than the Postal System: The Kenya Boy Scout Movement and the Transfer of Power’, Africa Today, vol. 51, no. 3. Poeze, Harry A., 1982a, ‘Inleiding’, in Harry A. Poeze, ed., Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch-Indie. Deel I, 1927 – 1928, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
- Poeze, Harry A., 1982b, ‘Inleiding’, in Harry A. Poeze, ed., Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch-Indie. Deel II, 1929 – 1930, Dordrecht: Foris Publication.
- Poeze, Harry A., ed., 1982c, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch- Indie. Deel I, 1927 – 1928, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
- Poeze, Harry A., ed., 1983, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch- Indie. Deel II, 1929 – 1930, Dordrecht: Foris Publication.
- Poeze, Harry A., ed., 1988, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch- Indie. Deel III, 1931-1934, Dordrecht: Foris Publication.
- Poeze, Harry A., ed., 1994a, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch- Indie. Deel IV, 1935 – 1941, Leiden: KITLV.
- Poeze, Harry A., 1994b, ‘Political intelligence in the Netherlands Indies’, in Robert Cribb, ed., The Late Colonial State in Indonesia, Leiden: KITLV Press.
- Pramuka, 1969, Pramuka. Indonesian Boy Scout & Girl Guide Movement. Jakarta: Japenpa.
- Pryke, Sam, 1998, ‘The Popularity of Nationalism in the Early British Boy Scout Movement’, Social History, vol. 23, no.3.
- Raharjendra, Surti, 1990, Perkembangan dan Peran Hizbul Wathan Yogyakarta dalam Bidang Kepanduan (1918-1961), BA thesis, Jogjakarta, Dept. of History, Gadjah Mada University.
- Ricklefs, M. C., 1995, Sejarah Indonesia Modern, Jogjakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
- Rosenthal, Michael, 1986, The Character Factory. Baden-Powell and the origins of the Boy Scout movement, New York: Pantheon Books.
- Salam, Aprinus, 1998, Refleksi Kritis Gerakan Pramuka, Jakarta, Kwartir Nasional Gerakan Pramuka.
- Setyantoro, Agung Suryo, 2006, Modernisasi di Tengah Tradisi Kraton: Pasoekan Poeteri J.P.O. (1934-1942), BA thesis, Jogjakarta, Dept. of History, Gadjah Mada University.
- Soekarno, 1961, ‘Pidato Kepada Para Pemimpin Pandu. March 9 1961’, in Kwartir Nasional Pramuka, Patah Tumbuh Hilang berganti. 75 Tahun Kepanduan dan Kepramukaan, Jakarta: Kwartir Nasional.
- Springhall, John, 1987, ‘Baden-Powell and the Scout Movement before 1920. Citizen Training or Soldiers of the Future?’, in The English Historical Review, vol. 102, no. 405 (Oct., 1987), pp. 934-94.
- Suharini, Theresia Sri, 2000, Javaansche Padvinders Organisatie: Awal Munculnya Kepanduan Indonesia, 1916-1942, BA thesis, Jogjakarta, Dept. of History, Gadjah Mada University.
- Takijoeddin, Mh, 1968a, Petundjuk Pembina Perindukan Gerakan Pramuka, Bandung: Pelita Masa.
- Takijoeddin, Mh, 1968b, Petundjuk Pembina Pasukan Gerakan Pramuka, Bandung: Pelita Masa.
- Taylor, Larry A., 1995, ‘How Your Tax Dollars Support the Boy Scouts of America’, The Humanist, September/October 1995.
- Warren, Allen, 1986, ‘Sir Robert Baden-Powell, the Scout Movement and Citizen Training in Great Britain, 1900 – 1920’, English Historical Review, vol. 101, no. 399.
- Winarto, 1951, Kenang-kenangan Reguku, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Les références
Abbas, M. Amin, 1990, Pedoman Lengkap Gerakan Pramuka, Semarang: Beringin Jaya.
Abdulmuchni, Gatot Achmad, 1951, Kepanduan Indonesia dari masa ke masa. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Anderson, Benedict R. O’G, 1961, Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese Occupation: 1944-1945, Ithaca: Modern Indonesia Project.
Baden-Powell, Lord RSS 1930, Rovering to Success, London: Herbert Jenkins Ltd. Baden-Powell, Lord RSS, 1936, ‘A New Development in the Scout Movement in South Africa’, Journal of the Royal African Society, vol. 35, no. 141.
Baden-Powell, Lord RSS 2004, Scouting for Boys, edited with an Introduction, and Notes by Elleke Boehmer, Orig. 1908, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bowie, Katherine A., 1997, Rituals of National Loyalty. An Anthropology of the State and the Village Scout Movement in Thailand, New York: Columbia University Press. Djoemairi, M., nd,, Kitab Pemimpin Hizboel Wathan, Djokdjakarta: Centraal Magazijn Hizboel Wathan.
Feith, Herbert, 1962, The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Furnivall, J. S., 1939, Netherlands India. A Study of Plural Economy, Cambridge: The University Press.
Hoofdbestuur Muhammadijah, 1927a, Pengadjaran Hizboel Wathan, Djokjakarta: Taman Poestaka Muhammadijah.
Hoofdbestuur Muhammadijah, 1927b, Qa’idah Moehammadijah Bahagian Hizboel-Wathan Hindia-Timoer, Djokjakarta: Taman Poestaka Muhammadijah. Kahin, George Mc, Turnan, 1952, Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Lombard, Dennys, 1990, Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, vol. I, Jakarta: Gramedia. Leembruggen, Peter, 2001, Het levensverhaal van een Indischepadvinder, California, Ventura.
Lembaga Sedjarah PKI 1960, 40 Tahun PKI. 1920 – 1940, Jakarta: CC PKI. MacDonald, Robert H, 1993, Sons of the Empire: The Frontier and the Boy Scout Movement, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Macleod, David, 2001, ‘Act Your Age. Boyhood, Adolescence, and the Rise of the Boy Scouts of America’, Journal of Social History, vol. 16, no. 2.
Mertoprawiro, H. Soedarsono, 1992, Pembinaan Gerakan Pramuka Dalam Membangun Watak dan Bangsa Indonesia, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Muecke, Marjorie A, 1980, ‘The Village Scouts of Thailand’, Asian Survey, vol. 20, no. 4.
Muhammad, Ibrahim, 1952, Pandu, Jakarta, Kwartir: Besar Pandu Islam Indonesia. De Nederlandsche Padvinders, 1947, Achter Kawat en Gedek, Jakarta: de Nederlandsche Padvinders.
Padmodiwiryo, Suhario, 1995, Memoar Hario Kecik. Otobiografi Seorang Mahasiswa Prajurit, Jakarta: Pustaka Utan Kayu.
Pandu Rakjat Indonesia, 1950, 5 Tahun Pandu Rakjat Indonesia, Djakarta: Pengurus Besar PRI.
Parsons, Timothy H., 2001, ‘No More English than the Postal System: The Kenya Boy Scout Movement and the Transfer of Power’, Africa Today, vol. 51, no. 3. Poeze, Harry A., 1982a, ‘Inleiding’, in Harry A. Poeze, ed., Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch-Indie. Deel I, 1927 – 1928, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Poeze, Harry A., 1982b, ‘Inleiding’, in Harry A. Poeze, ed., Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch-Indie. Deel II, 1929 – 1930, Dordrecht: Foris Publication.
Poeze, Harry A., ed., 1982c, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch- Indie. Deel I, 1927 – 1928, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Poeze, Harry A., ed., 1983, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch- Indie. Deel II, 1929 – 1930, Dordrecht: Foris Publication.
Poeze, Harry A., ed., 1988, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch- Indie. Deel III, 1931-1934, Dordrecht: Foris Publication.
Poeze, Harry A., ed., 1994a, Politiek-Politioneele Overzichten van Nederlandsch- Indie. Deel IV, 1935 – 1941, Leiden: KITLV.
Poeze, Harry A., 1994b, ‘Political intelligence in the Netherlands Indies’, in Robert Cribb, ed., The Late Colonial State in Indonesia, Leiden: KITLV Press.
Pramuka, 1969, Pramuka. Indonesian Boy Scout & Girl Guide Movement. Jakarta: Japenpa.
Pryke, Sam, 1998, ‘The Popularity of Nationalism in the Early British Boy Scout Movement’, Social History, vol. 23, no.3.
Raharjendra, Surti, 1990, Perkembangan dan Peran Hizbul Wathan Yogyakarta dalam Bidang Kepanduan (1918-1961), BA thesis, Jogjakarta, Dept. of History, Gadjah Mada University.
Ricklefs, M. C., 1995, Sejarah Indonesia Modern, Jogjakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Rosenthal, Michael, 1986, The Character Factory. Baden-Powell and the origins of the Boy Scout movement, New York: Pantheon Books.
Salam, Aprinus, 1998, Refleksi Kritis Gerakan Pramuka, Jakarta, Kwartir Nasional Gerakan Pramuka.
Setyantoro, Agung Suryo, 2006, Modernisasi di Tengah Tradisi Kraton: Pasoekan Poeteri J.P.O. (1934-1942), BA thesis, Jogjakarta, Dept. of History, Gadjah Mada University.
Soekarno, 1961, ‘Pidato Kepada Para Pemimpin Pandu. March 9 1961’, in Kwartir Nasional Pramuka, Patah Tumbuh Hilang berganti. 75 Tahun Kepanduan dan Kepramukaan, Jakarta: Kwartir Nasional.
Springhall, John, 1987, ‘Baden-Powell and the Scout Movement before 1920. Citizen Training or Soldiers of the Future?’, in The English Historical Review, vol. 102, no. 405 (Oct., 1987), pp. 934-94.
Suharini, Theresia Sri, 2000, Javaansche Padvinders Organisatie: Awal Munculnya Kepanduan Indonesia, 1916-1942, BA thesis, Jogjakarta, Dept. of History, Gadjah Mada University.
Takijoeddin, Mh, 1968a, Petundjuk Pembina Perindukan Gerakan Pramuka, Bandung: Pelita Masa.
Takijoeddin, Mh, 1968b, Petundjuk Pembina Pasukan Gerakan Pramuka, Bandung: Pelita Masa.
Taylor, Larry A., 1995, ‘How Your Tax Dollars Support the Boy Scouts of America’, The Humanist, September/October 1995.
Warren, Allen, 1986, ‘Sir Robert Baden-Powell, the Scout Movement and Citizen Training in Great Britain, 1900 – 1920’, English Historical Review, vol. 101, no. 399.
Winarto, 1951, Kenang-kenangan Reguku, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.