1 - Women Engagement with Power and Authority in Re-writing East Africa
Corresponding Author(s) : Lennox Odiemo-Munara
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 35 No 4 (2010): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Partant de l’absence relative d’une écriture féminine sérieuse dans les premiers textes de la littérature anglaise dominante en Afrique de l’Est qui commence au dernier quart du XXIe siècle, la littérature d’expression féminine a proliféré pour se faire une place méritée dans le canon littéraire est-africain. Dans l’écriture de la kenyane Marjorie Oludhe Macgoye, de l’ougandaise Mary Karooro Okurut et de la tanzanienne Elieshi Lema, la littérature féminine d’expression anglaise s’est beaucoup élargie, aux plans thématique et esthétique, pour porter et représenter dûment les expériences sociohistoriques et économiques de la femme est-africaine ainsi que ses récits privés/publics. Cette littérature perçoit la femme dans les domaines historiques et culturels, à la fois spécifiques et plus larges, de la société est-africaine. Elle montre comment, avec sa maturité intellectuelle et affective, elle interroge les pratiques et les institutions qui, dans la plupart des cas, sont construites de façon patriarcale, afin de développer un espace humain inclusiviste du genre et global. Trois ouvrages de ces auteurs – The Present Moment de Macgoye (1987), The Invisible Weevil d’Okurut (1998), et Parched Earth: A Love Story de Lema (2001) – se détachent clairement de par leur contribution à la cartographie de paradigmes uniques dans la (re)définition de l’expérience de la femme est-africaine dans sa relation et son engagement avec la sphère publique. Cet article montre comment ces auteurs, à travers les personnages féminins des textes, subvertissent, résistent activement, et discutent avec le pouvoir/l’autorité et, ce faisant, parviennent à réévaluer le zeitgeist (esprit de l’époque) dominant, en établissant oppositionnellement la femme est-africaine comme un sujet actif et parlant dans la ré-imagination et la réécriture en cours des postcolonies est-africaines.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Ashcroft, B. et al., 2002, The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Postcolonial Literatures, 2nd edn, London and New York: Routledge.
- Bhabha, H., 2004, ‘Signs Taken for Wonders’, in J.Rivkin and M.Ryan, eds, Literary Theory: An Anthology, 2nd ed., Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp.1167-1184.
- Brown, W., 1988, Manhood and Politics: A Feminist Reading in Practical Theory, Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Christensen, R.K., 1999, Philosophy and Choice: Selected Readings from Around the World, California: Mayfield.
- Dangarembga, T., 2006, ‘Introduction’, in Barungi, V., ed., Gifts of Harvest, Kampala: Femrite.
- Decker, J.M., 2004, Ideology, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Eagleton, T., 2005, The English Novel: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell. Elkins, C., 2005, Britain’s Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya, London: Jonathan Cape.
- Foucault, M., 1980 Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, C. Gordon, ed., Brighton: Harvester.
- Hooks, B., 1994, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom, New York: Routledge.
- Ilieva, E. and Odiemo-Munara, L., 2006, ‘Strategies of Affirming Womanhood in East African Women Writing’, in Spirit and Spirituality, Sofia: Temto, pp. 256-277.
- Kibera, V., 2000, ‘Afterword’, The Present Moment, New York: Feminist Press. Kristeva, J., 1982, ‘Women’s Time’, (A. Jardine and H. Blake, trans), in N.O. Keohane, et al., eds, Feminist Theory: A Critique of Ideology (pp. 31-53), Sussex: Harvester.
- Kruger, M., 1998, Female Characters in Contemporary Kenyan Women’s Writing: Independent Figures or Subdued Voices? Madison: African Studies Programme.
- Lema, E., 2001, Parched Earth: A Love Story, Dar es Salaam: E & D Publishers. Lihamba, A. et al. eds, 2007, Women Writing Africa Volume 3: The Eastern Region, New York: Feminist Press.
- Lionett, F., 1997, ‘Geographies of pain: captive bodies and violent acts in the fictions of Gayl Jones, Bessie Head, and Myriam Warner-Vieyra’, in Nnaemeka, Obioma, ed., The Politics of (M)Othering: Womanhood, Identity and Resis- tance in African Literature, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 205-225.
- Loomba, A., 2005, Colonialism/Postcolonialism, 2nd ed., London and New York: Routledge.
- Macgoye, M.O., 2000, The Present Moment, New York: Feminist Press.
- Mazrui, A.A, 1990, Cultural Forces in World Politics, London: James Currey: Nairobi: Heinemann.
- Nnaemeka, O., ed., 1997, The Politics of (M)Othering: Womanhood, Identity and Resistance in African Literature, London and New York: Routledge.
- Nochlin, L., 1999, ‘Why Are There No Great Women Artists?’, in Christensen, K.R. ed., Philosophy and Choice: Selected Readings from Around the World, California: Mayfield, pp. 602-618.
- Okurut, M.K., 1998, The Invisible Weevil, Kampala: FEMRITE.
- Odhiambo, A.E.S., 2005, ‘Historiography: East Africa’, in P. Poddar, and D. Johnson, eds, A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures in English, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP.
- Pilcher, J. and Whelehan, I., 2004, Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies, London and Thousand Oaks: Sage.
- Presley, A.C., 2003, ‘The Mau Mau Rebellion, Kikuyu Women and Social Change’, in J.D. Le Suer, ed., The Decolonisation Reader, New York and London: Routledge, pp. 294-315.
- Tripp, A.M., 2000, Women and Politics in Uganda, Oxford: James Currey. Venn, C., 2006, The Postcolonial Challenge: Towards Alternative Worlds, London: Sage.
- Wartenburg, T., 1990, The Forms of Power: From Domination to Transformation, Philadelphia: Temple UP.
- Zeleza, P.T., 2007, ‘Colonial Fictions: Memory and History in Yvonne Vera’s Imagination’, Research in African Literatures, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp.10-22.
Les références
Ashcroft, B. et al., 2002, The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Postcolonial Literatures, 2nd edn, London and New York: Routledge.
Bhabha, H., 2004, ‘Signs Taken for Wonders’, in J.Rivkin and M.Ryan, eds, Literary Theory: An Anthology, 2nd ed., Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp.1167-1184.
Brown, W., 1988, Manhood and Politics: A Feminist Reading in Practical Theory, Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.
Christensen, R.K., 1999, Philosophy and Choice: Selected Readings from Around the World, California: Mayfield.
Dangarembga, T., 2006, ‘Introduction’, in Barungi, V., ed., Gifts of Harvest, Kampala: Femrite.
Decker, J.M., 2004, Ideology, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Eagleton, T., 2005, The English Novel: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell. Elkins, C., 2005, Britain’s Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya, London: Jonathan Cape.
Foucault, M., 1980 Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, C. Gordon, ed., Brighton: Harvester.
Hooks, B., 1994, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom, New York: Routledge.
Ilieva, E. and Odiemo-Munara, L., 2006, ‘Strategies of Affirming Womanhood in East African Women Writing’, in Spirit and Spirituality, Sofia: Temto, pp. 256-277.
Kibera, V., 2000, ‘Afterword’, The Present Moment, New York: Feminist Press. Kristeva, J., 1982, ‘Women’s Time’, (A. Jardine and H. Blake, trans), in N.O. Keohane, et al., eds, Feminist Theory: A Critique of Ideology (pp. 31-53), Sussex: Harvester.
Kruger, M., 1998, Female Characters in Contemporary Kenyan Women’s Writing: Independent Figures or Subdued Voices? Madison: African Studies Programme.
Lema, E., 2001, Parched Earth: A Love Story, Dar es Salaam: E & D Publishers. Lihamba, A. et al. eds, 2007, Women Writing Africa Volume 3: The Eastern Region, New York: Feminist Press.
Lionett, F., 1997, ‘Geographies of pain: captive bodies and violent acts in the fictions of Gayl Jones, Bessie Head, and Myriam Warner-Vieyra’, in Nnaemeka, Obioma, ed., The Politics of (M)Othering: Womanhood, Identity and Resis- tance in African Literature, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 205-225.
Loomba, A., 2005, Colonialism/Postcolonialism, 2nd ed., London and New York: Routledge.
Macgoye, M.O., 2000, The Present Moment, New York: Feminist Press.
Mazrui, A.A, 1990, Cultural Forces in World Politics, London: James Currey: Nairobi: Heinemann.
Nnaemeka, O., ed., 1997, The Politics of (M)Othering: Womanhood, Identity and Resistance in African Literature, London and New York: Routledge.
Nochlin, L., 1999, ‘Why Are There No Great Women Artists?’, in Christensen, K.R. ed., Philosophy and Choice: Selected Readings from Around the World, California: Mayfield, pp. 602-618.
Okurut, M.K., 1998, The Invisible Weevil, Kampala: FEMRITE.
Odhiambo, A.E.S., 2005, ‘Historiography: East Africa’, in P. Poddar, and D. Johnson, eds, A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures in English, Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP.
Pilcher, J. and Whelehan, I., 2004, Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies, London and Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Presley, A.C., 2003, ‘The Mau Mau Rebellion, Kikuyu Women and Social Change’, in J.D. Le Suer, ed., The Decolonisation Reader, New York and London: Routledge, pp. 294-315.
Tripp, A.M., 2000, Women and Politics in Uganda, Oxford: James Currey. Venn, C., 2006, The Postcolonial Challenge: Towards Alternative Worlds, London: Sage.
Wartenburg, T., 1990, The Forms of Power: From Domination to Transformation, Philadelphia: Temple UP.
Zeleza, P.T., 2007, ‘Colonial Fictions: Memory and History in Yvonne Vera’s Imagination’, Research in African Literatures, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp.10-22.