1 - Thinking otherwise: theorizing the colonial/ modern gender system in Africa.
Corresponding Author(s) : Boris Bertolt
Revue africaine de sociologie,
Vol. 22 No 1 (2018): Revue africaine de sociologie
Résumé
Cet article vise à montrer qu’il existe un enchevêtrement entre les représentations du corps et les inégalités de genre entre la période coloniale et les sociétés africaines contemporaines. L’Afrique postcoloniale reste profondément marquée par les représentations du sexe, du corps et du sexe pendant la colonisation. Cette position épistémologique a pour conséquence de nier l’idée de la fin de la décolonisation, qui apparaît en ce moment comme un mythe. Il dérive théoriquement des travaux du programme de recherche latino-américain modernité / cololialité. La colonialité est comprise comme un ensemble de paradigmes de domination et de régulation de la vie des colonisés introduits lors de la construction de l’hégémonie européenne autour du monde depuis le XVe siècle. Les discours contemporains et les connaissances sur les dynamiques de genre restent profondément ancrés dans la pensée eurocentrique. Pour illustrer cette situation, deux aspects de la vie des anciens colonisés m’ont paru importants: l’infériorisation des femmes en Afrique et les catégories de genre. Même si je ne veux pas dire que la situation des femmes et des homosexuels en Afrique était meilleure avant les contacts avec les Européens, j’essaie de montrer que la subalternisation des femmes et des homosexuels en Afrique contemporaine ne peut pas être prise en compte sans une chirurgie profonde. le corps des personnes colonisées et les discours sur la sexualité.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Amadiume, Ifi. 1997. Re-Inventing Africa: Matriarchy, Religion and Culture. London and New York: Zed Books Ltd. x, 214, pp Amadiume, Ifi. 2006. Sexuality, African Religio-Cultural Traditions and Modernity: Expanding the Lens, CODESRIA Bulletin, 1–2:26–28.
- Balandier, George. 2001. “ La situation coloniale : approche théorique », Cahiers internationaux de sociologie /1 (n° 110), p. 9-29.
- Bennet, Judith. 1989. Feminism and history, Gender & History, Vol.1 No.3 Autumn 1989, pp251-272.
- Bernay, Edward. 2007. Propaganda. Comment manipuler l’opinion en démocratie, Paris, La couverte.
- Broqua, Christophe. 2012. ‘’L’émergence des minorités sexuelles dans l’espace public en Afrique ‘’ in La question Homosexuelle et transgenre, Politique africaine (126) : pp5-23.
- Callaway, Helen. 1987. Gender, Culture, Empire: European Women in Colonial Nigeria, Oxford: MacMillan Press in association with St. Anthony’s College. Cary, Joyce. 1944. The case of African freedom, London, Secker and Warburg. Chibber, Vivek. 2013. Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital. London: Verso. Cloete, Stuart. 1958. Congo Song, New York, Monarch.
- Crenshaw, Kimberley. 1995. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. In Critical race theory, ed. Kimberlé Crenshaw, neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, and Kendall Thomas. New York: The new Press.
- Crenshaw, Kimberley & McCall, Leslie. 2013. Toward a field of intersectionality studies: Theory, applications, and praxis. Signs, 38(4), 785-810.
- Crowder, Michael. 1959. Pagans and Politicians, London, Hutchinson, 224 p. Diop, Cheik Anta. (1987). L’Afrique noire précoloniale. Etude comparée des systèmes politiques et
- sociaux de l’Europe et de l’Afrique Noire, de l’Antiquité à la formation des Etats modernes, 2e édition, Pris, Presence Africaine.
- Dussel, Eric. 2000. Europe, Modernity, and Eurocentrism. In Nepantla. Views from South, I, 3, pp.465-478.
- Epprecht, Marc. 2010. “The Making of African Sexuality: Early Sources, CurrentDebates”. In History Compass 8, 768-779.
- Escobar, Arturo. 2007. ‘’ Worlds and knowledges otherwise : The Latin American Modernity/coloniality research program’’, in Cultural Studies, 21 (2/3) (March/ May) : 197-210.
- Fanon, Frantz. 1952. Peau noire, masque blanc, Paris, Seuil.
- Fanon, Frantz. 1961. The wretched of the Earth. New York : Grove Press. Foucault, Michel.1976.Histoire de la sexualité, Paris, Gallimard.
- Gunn Allen, Paula. 1986. The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions.Boston: Beacon Press.
- Goody, Jack. 2006. The theft of history. Cambridge/New York. Cambridg University press. Grosfogel,Ramon. 2011. Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality in Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, vol 1. Hooks, Bell. 1981. Ain’t I a Woman, Black women and feminism. Boston, MA: South End Press. Chicago.
- Hoad, Neville.2007. African Intimacies: Race, Homosexuality, and Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
- Iman, Ayesha (Al). 2006. Sexe, genre et société. Engendrer les sciences sociales africaines. s, Karthala.
- Kisiang’ani, Edward. 2004. ‘’Decolonising gender studies in Africa’’. African Gender Scholarship: Concepts, Methodologies and Paradigms. (Eds). Bibi Bakari Edward Kisiangani et al., Dakar: CODESRIA. 24-36.
- Lugones, Maria. 2007. Heterosexualism in the Colonial/modern Gender system Hypatia, vol 22 no 1.
- Lugones, Maria. 2010. The ‘Coloniality of Gender’’ in Gender Equity Work & Public https://globalstudies.trinity.duke.edu/wpcontent/themes/cgsh/materials/WKO/v2d2_Lugones.pdf
- Lugones, Maria. 2011. ‘Toward a Decolonial Feminism’, Hypatia 25(4), pp 742–759, p 742.
- Maldonado-Torres, Nelson. 2007. ‘’On the coloniality of being, Contributions to the development of a concept’’, Cultural Studies, Volume 21, pp240-270.
- Martinot, S. n. d. ‘The Coloniality of Power: Notes Towards De-Colonization.’ Unpublished Paper, San Francisco State University.
- Mbembe, Achille. 2007. ‘’De la scène coloniale chez Frantz Fanon ‘’, Rue Descartes 2007/4 (n° 58), p. 37-55.
- Mbembe Achille. 2014. Sortir de la grande nuit. Essai sur l’Afrique décolonisée, Paris, La Découverte, 2010.
- Mbembe Achille. 2013. Critique de la raison nègre, Paris, Decouverte.
- Mendoza, Breny. 2016. ‘’Coloniality of Gender and Power: From Postcoloniality to Decoloniality’’ in Oxford Handbook of feminist theory, Oxford University press, pp100-122.
- McClintock, Anne. 1995. Imperial leather. Race, gender and sexuality in the colonial contest, New York, Routledge.
- Mignolo, Walter. 1995. The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality and Colonization. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
- Mignolo,Walter. 2000. Local Histories/Global Designs: Essays on the Coloniality of Power, Subaltern Knowledges and Border Thinking. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Mohanty, Chandra T. 1991. “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses.” In Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, 51-80. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Ndlovu-Gatsheni. 2013. Empire, Global Coloniality and African Subjectivity, New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
- Nandy, Ashis. 1988. The intimate enemy, Delhi, Oxford University Press.
- Oyewùmí, oyéronké. 1997. The invention of women: Making an African sense of Western gender discourses. Minneapolis: university of Minnesota Press.
- Quijano, Aníbal. (2002). Coloniality of power and Eurocentrism in Latin America. International Sociology, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 15-232. DOI/0268580900015002005
- Quijano, Aníbal. 2007. “ Race » et colonialité du pouvoir », Mouvements, vol. 51, no. 3, 2007, pp.111-118.
- Rich, Adrienne. (1976). Of Woman Born, UK edition by Virago, London.
- Spivak, Gayatry. 1990. The postcolonial critic. Interviews, Strategies and Dialogue, New York, Rouledge.
- Steen, Marguirite. 1941. The Sun is my undergoing, New-York: Vicking Press.
- Stoler, Anne. 1995. Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault’s History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things, Sales/Territorial, 226p.
- Teunis, Niels. 1996.“Homosexuality in Dakar : Is the bed the heart of a sexual subculture? ” in Journal of gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Identity 1(2) : 153-170.
- Segato, Rita.2001. The factor of gender in the Yoruba transnational religious world. http://dan.unb.br/im ages/doc/Serie289empdf.pdf
- Vatin François. (2011). “ Octave Mannoni (1899-1989) et sa Psychologie de la colonisation. Contextualisation etdécontextualisation » ,Revue du MAUSS, /1, p. 123-164.
Les références
Amadiume, Ifi. 1997. Re-Inventing Africa: Matriarchy, Religion and Culture. London and New York: Zed Books Ltd. x, 214, pp Amadiume, Ifi. 2006. Sexuality, African Religio-Cultural Traditions and Modernity: Expanding the Lens, CODESRIA Bulletin, 1–2:26–28.
Balandier, George. 2001. “ La situation coloniale : approche théorique », Cahiers internationaux de sociologie /1 (n° 110), p. 9-29.
Bennet, Judith. 1989. Feminism and history, Gender & History, Vol.1 No.3 Autumn 1989, pp251-272.
Bernay, Edward. 2007. Propaganda. Comment manipuler l’opinion en démocratie, Paris, La couverte.
Broqua, Christophe. 2012. ‘’L’émergence des minorités sexuelles dans l’espace public en Afrique ‘’ in La question Homosexuelle et transgenre, Politique africaine (126) : pp5-23.
Callaway, Helen. 1987. Gender, Culture, Empire: European Women in Colonial Nigeria, Oxford: MacMillan Press in association with St. Anthony’s College. Cary, Joyce. 1944. The case of African freedom, London, Secker and Warburg. Chibber, Vivek. 2013. Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital. London: Verso. Cloete, Stuart. 1958. Congo Song, New York, Monarch.
Crenshaw, Kimberley. 1995. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. In Critical race theory, ed. Kimberlé Crenshaw, neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, and Kendall Thomas. New York: The new Press.
Crenshaw, Kimberley & McCall, Leslie. 2013. Toward a field of intersectionality studies: Theory, applications, and praxis. Signs, 38(4), 785-810.
Crowder, Michael. 1959. Pagans and Politicians, London, Hutchinson, 224 p. Diop, Cheik Anta. (1987). L’Afrique noire précoloniale. Etude comparée des systèmes politiques et
sociaux de l’Europe et de l’Afrique Noire, de l’Antiquité à la formation des Etats modernes, 2e édition, Pris, Presence Africaine.
Dussel, Eric. 2000. Europe, Modernity, and Eurocentrism. In Nepantla. Views from South, I, 3, pp.465-478.
Epprecht, Marc. 2010. “The Making of African Sexuality: Early Sources, CurrentDebates”. In History Compass 8, 768-779.
Escobar, Arturo. 2007. ‘’ Worlds and knowledges otherwise : The Latin American Modernity/coloniality research program’’, in Cultural Studies, 21 (2/3) (March/ May) : 197-210.
Fanon, Frantz. 1952. Peau noire, masque blanc, Paris, Seuil.
Fanon, Frantz. 1961. The wretched of the Earth. New York : Grove Press. Foucault, Michel.1976.Histoire de la sexualité, Paris, Gallimard.
Gunn Allen, Paula. 1986. The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions.Boston: Beacon Press.
Goody, Jack. 2006. The theft of history. Cambridge/New York. Cambridg University press. Grosfogel,Ramon. 2011. Decolonizing Post-Colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking, and Global Coloniality in Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World, vol 1. Hooks, Bell. 1981. Ain’t I a Woman, Black women and feminism. Boston, MA: South End Press. Chicago.
Hoad, Neville.2007. African Intimacies: Race, Homosexuality, and Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
Iman, Ayesha (Al). 2006. Sexe, genre et société. Engendrer les sciences sociales africaines. s, Karthala.
Kisiang’ani, Edward. 2004. ‘’Decolonising gender studies in Africa’’. African Gender Scholarship: Concepts, Methodologies and Paradigms. (Eds). Bibi Bakari Edward Kisiangani et al., Dakar: CODESRIA. 24-36.
Lugones, Maria. 2007. Heterosexualism in the Colonial/modern Gender system Hypatia, vol 22 no 1.
Lugones, Maria. 2010. The ‘Coloniality of Gender’’ in Gender Equity Work & Public https://globalstudies.trinity.duke.edu/wpcontent/themes/cgsh/materials/WKO/v2d2_Lugones.pdf
Lugones, Maria. 2011. ‘Toward a Decolonial Feminism’, Hypatia 25(4), pp 742–759, p 742.
Maldonado-Torres, Nelson. 2007. ‘’On the coloniality of being, Contributions to the development of a concept’’, Cultural Studies, Volume 21, pp240-270.
Martinot, S. n. d. ‘The Coloniality of Power: Notes Towards De-Colonization.’ Unpublished Paper, San Francisco State University.
Mbembe, Achille. 2007. ‘’De la scène coloniale chez Frantz Fanon ‘’, Rue Descartes 2007/4 (n° 58), p. 37-55.
Mbembe Achille. 2014. Sortir de la grande nuit. Essai sur l’Afrique décolonisée, Paris, La Découverte, 2010.
Mbembe Achille. 2013. Critique de la raison nègre, Paris, Decouverte.
Mendoza, Breny. 2016. ‘’Coloniality of Gender and Power: From Postcoloniality to Decoloniality’’ in Oxford Handbook of feminist theory, Oxford University press, pp100-122.
McClintock, Anne. 1995. Imperial leather. Race, gender and sexuality in the colonial contest, New York, Routledge.
Mignolo, Walter. 1995. The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality and Colonization. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Mignolo,Walter. 2000. Local Histories/Global Designs: Essays on the Coloniality of Power, Subaltern Knowledges and Border Thinking. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Mohanty, Chandra T. 1991. “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses.” In Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, 51-80. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Ndlovu-Gatsheni. 2013. Empire, Global Coloniality and African Subjectivity, New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Nandy, Ashis. 1988. The intimate enemy, Delhi, Oxford University Press.
Oyewùmí, oyéronké. 1997. The invention of women: Making an African sense of Western gender discourses. Minneapolis: university of Minnesota Press.
Quijano, Aníbal. (2002). Coloniality of power and Eurocentrism in Latin America. International Sociology, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 15-232. DOI/0268580900015002005
Quijano, Aníbal. 2007. “ Race » et colonialité du pouvoir », Mouvements, vol. 51, no. 3, 2007, pp.111-118.
Rich, Adrienne. (1976). Of Woman Born, UK edition by Virago, London.
Spivak, Gayatry. 1990. The postcolonial critic. Interviews, Strategies and Dialogue, New York, Rouledge.
Steen, Marguirite. 1941. The Sun is my undergoing, New-York: Vicking Press.
Stoler, Anne. 1995. Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault’s History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things, Sales/Territorial, 226p.
Teunis, Niels. 1996.“Homosexuality in Dakar : Is the bed the heart of a sexual subculture? ” in Journal of gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Identity 1(2) : 153-170.
Segato, Rita.2001. The factor of gender in the Yoruba transnational religious world. http://dan.unb.br/im ages/doc/Serie289empdf.pdf
Vatin François. (2011). “ Octave Mannoni (1899-1989) et sa Psychologie de la colonisation. Contextualisation etdécontextualisation » ,Revue du MAUSS, /1, p. 123-164.