2- Promoting Epistemic Vigilance Against Racist Attacks on Africans on Mediatised Permanent Education Sites
Corresponding Author(s) : Nhamo Anthony Mhiripiri
Revue africaine de sociologie,
Vol. 25 No 2 (2021): African Sociological Review
Résumé
Cet article analyse comment les tropes du racisme contre les personnes d’ascendance africaine semanifestent dans les textes publics (sites d’éducation permanente) de différents genres et formes.Les sites d’éducation permanente sélectionnés incluent la médiatisation de la vie publique et privée de la rupture du prince Harry et de Meghan de la famille royale britannique, la
Coupe du monde de football et la Premier League anglaise, le Musée chinois du Hubei et d’autres incidents publics qui suscité des controverses raciales. Ces activités, controverses et expositions sont des véhicules à travers lesquels le racisme est reproduit dans le cadre du système capitaliste mondial historique. C’est la pédagogie publique omniprésente de l’éducation
permanente. Les sites dominants poreux mais multiples diffusent diverses formes d’adresse pédagogique pour mettre en jeu un éventail limité d’identités, d’idéologies et de positions de sujet qui renforcent à la fois les relations sociales néolibérales et sapent la capacité de la politique démocratique. L’érudition critique a le devoir normatif d’être attentif à toutes les
activités et productions culturelles, à leurs processus de signification et à leurs implications pour l’humanisation et la démocratie. Après avoir commodément sélectionné des sites d’éducation permanente de masse spécifiques, cet article théorise et historicise les fondements coloniaux du racisme et la construction européenne d’une hiérarchie raciale imaginée. Il problématise ensuite la Chine en tant que puissance économique mondiale émergente située dans cette gradation,
et ses identités contemporaines - à la fois officielles et publiques - étant donné les allégations notables d’incidences de racisme chinois contre les personnes d’ascendance africaine. Les sites populaires de médiation ne sont pas étudiés pour eux-mêmes, mais pour développer une bourse panafricaine radicale stratégiquement positionnée pour influencer les sites d’éducation publique pour la transformation sociale et la justice. Une érudition décoloniale critique et vigilante rend
nécessaires des interventions épistémiques et organiques engagées en réponse aux sites insidieux d’éducation culturelle.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- Andrews, K. (2018) Back to black: retelling black radicalism for the 21st century. London: Zed Books.
- “Aston Villa condemns ‘disgusting’ Marvelous Nakamba racist chants”, ZimLive.com, 7 October 2019. HYPERLINK
- “https://www.zimlive.com/2019/10/07/aston-villa-condemns-disgusting-marvelous-nakamba-racist-chants/” https://www.zimlive.com/2019/10/07/aston-villa-condemns-disgusting-marvelous-nakamba-racist-chants/ (Accessed 29 December 2019).
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- Cabral, A. (1979) Unity and struggle. New York: Monthly Review Press.
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- Chasi. C. and Rodney-Gumede, Y. (2018) Decolonising communication studies: Advancing the discipline through fermenting participation studies. In B. Mutsvairo (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Media and Communication research in Africa, Cham: Springer Nature.
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- Collins, P.H. (2013). On intellectual activism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Collins, P.H. (2017)
- Delgado, R. and Stefancic, J. (2013) Critical race theory: the cutting edge. New York: Temple University Press.
- Delgado, R. and Stefancic, J. (2017) Critical race theory: an introduction. New York: New York University Press.
- Du Bois, W.B.E (1903). The souls of black folks. New York: Bantam Press.
- Eveleth, R. (2018) World Cup bad announcer Bingo. HYPERLINK “https://www.lastwordonnothing.com/2018/06/14/world-cup-bad-announcer- bingo/” https://www.lastwordonnothing.com/2018/06/14/world-cup-bad- announcer-bingo/ (Accessed 25 January
- .
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- Hall, S. (1997) “Race, the floating signifier”. Media Education Foundation. HYPERLINK “https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Stuart-Hall- Race-the-Floating-Signifier-Transcript.pdf ” https://www.mediaed.org/ transcripts/Stuart-Hall-Race-the-Floating-Signifier-Transcript.pdf.
- Jansson, A. (2002) “The mediatization of consumption: towards an analytical framework of image culture”. Journal of consumer culture, 2(1): 5-31.
- Jhally, S. (1997) “Introduction”. In Stuart Hall, “Race, the floating signifier”. Media Education Foundation. HYPERLINK “https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Stuart-Hall-Race-the-Floating-Signifier-Transcript. pdf ” https://www.mediaed.org/transcript/Stuart-Hall-Race-the-Floating- Signifier-Transcript.pdf.
- Liu, T. and Deng, Z. (2020) “They’ve made our blood ties black”: On the Burst of Online Racism Towards the African in China’s Social Media. Critical Arts, DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2020.1717567Nataka, M. (2007) Disciplining the savages, savaging the disciplines. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. (2018) Epistemic freedom in Africa: deprovincialization and decolonization. London: Routledge. Gilley, B. (2017) The case for colonialism. Third world quarterly, DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2017.1369037. Giroux, H. A. (2004) The terror of neoliberalism: Authoritarianism and the eclipse of democracy. Colorado: Paradigm.Gramsci. A. (1971) Selections from the prison notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Hall, S (1996) Introduction: who needs identity?, in S. Hall and P. du Gay (eds),
- Questions of cultural identity. London: Sage.Han, Q. (2008) Negotiated “Chineseness” and divided loyalties: My American grandson, Critical Arts: south-north cultural and media studies (Special issue: Brand China), 31(6): 59-75.
- Hayek, F.A. (2006) The constitution of liberty. London: Routledge.Hewson, C. (2017). “Research design and tools for online research.” In N.G. Fielding,R.M. Lee and G. Blank (Eds.), The Sage handbook of online research methods. London: Sage.
- Hirsch, A. (2020) “Black Britons know why Meghan Markle wants out, The New York Times, 9 January, HYPERLINK
- “https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/09/ opinion/sunday/meghan-markle-prince-harry.html” https://www. nytimes.com/2020/01/09/opinion/sunday/meghan-markle-prince-harry.html ed 9 January 2020).
- Krug, S. (2019) Decolonisation requires a new economics. Public books. HYPERLINK “https://www.publicbooks.org/decolonization-requires-a-new- economics/” https://www.publicbooks.org/decolonization-requires-a-new- economics/ (Accessed 25 January 2020).
- Matsuda, M.J., Lawrence, C.R. Delagado, R. and Crenshaw, K.W. (1993) Words that wound: critical race theory, assaultive speech and the First Amendment. London: Routledge.
- Mboti, N. (2019). Towards Apartheid studies. Glimpse, 20: 15-70.
- Mkandawire, T. (2005) African intellectuals and nationalism. In T. Mkandawire (ed.), African intellectuals: rethinking politics, language,gender and development. Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Moyo, D. (2012) Winner take all: China’s race for resources and what it means for us.London: Penguin Books.
- Moyo, L and Mutsvairo, B. (2018) Can the subaltern think? The decolonial turn in communication research in Africa. In B. Mutsvairo (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Media and Communication research in Africa, Cham: Springer Nature.
- Mudimbe, V. Y. (1988) The invention of Africa: Gnosis, philosophy and the order of knowledge. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Mutsvairo, B. (2018) The Palgrave Handbook of Media and Communication research in Africa, Cham: Springer Nature.
- Ntarangwi, M., Mills, D. & Babiker, M. (2005) African anthropologies: history, critique and practice. Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Obbo, C. (2005) But we know it all! African perspectives on anthropological knowledge. In M.
- Ntarangwi, D. Mills, & M. Babiker (eds.) African anthropologies: history, critique and practice. Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Nye, J.S. (2004) Soft power: the means to success in world politics. New York: Public Affairs. Riva, N. (2017) Putonghua and language harmony: China’s resources of cultural soft power. Critical Arts: south-north cultural and media studies, (Special issue: Bran
- China), 31(6): 92-108.Kho, T. Y. (2014). Eurocentrism, modernity and Chinese sociality: An ethnographic study of everyday
- socio-cultural life in new-millennium China (Doctor’s thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http:// commons.ln.edu.hk/cs_etd/22” http://commons.ln.edu.hk/cs_etd/22.
- Rodney, W. (1983) The groundings with my brothers. London: Bogle-L’Ouverture lishing Ltd.
- Ruby, J. (1992) Speaking for, speaking about, speaking with, or speaking alongside: An anthropological and documentary dilemma. Journal of film and video, 42(1 & 2): 42-66.
- Saleem, A. (2020) Harry and Meghan were meant to embody post-racial Britain. So much for that. The Guardian, 11 January, HYPERLINK “https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/11/post-racial- britain-harry-meghan-tabloids” https://www.theguardian.com/ commentisfree/2020/jan/11/post-racial-britain-harry-meghan-tabloids (Accessed 3 February 2020).
- Said, E.W. (1978) Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.
- Segalov, M. (2018) The strangest animal I’ve seen is a black Tory, Huck Magazine, HYPERLINK “https://www.huckmag.com/perspectives/activism-2/ benjamin-zephaniah-windrush/” https://www.huckmag.com/perspectives/ activism-2/benjamin-zephaniah-windrush/ (Accessed 27 January 2020).Mos-Shogbamimu, S.(2019) Danny Baker and the white privilege of not noticing racism. Huffington Post, HYPERLINK “https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/danny-baker-white-privilege_uk_5cd52734e4b0796a95d95ffd”
- https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/danny-baker-white-privilege_ uk_5cd52734e4b0796a95d95ffd (Accessed 3 April 2020).
- Tomaselli, K.G. (2020): Humanities, Citations and Currency: Hierarchies of Value and Enabled Recolonisation, Critical Arts, DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2019.1690534. Tomaselli, K.G., Louw, E. & Merrett, C. (2019) Non-racialism, relationality and no- relation: recovering Biko’s Black Consciousness forgotten, Social Dynamics,45:2, 264-279, DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2019.1619294.
- Tsoi, G., Ni, V., Chen, H.& Allen, K.(2016) What’s behind China’s ‘racist’ whitewashing advert? BBC News, HYPERLINK “Https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-asia-china-36394917” Https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia- china-36394917, (Accessed 14 July 2018).
- Virdee, S. & McGeever, B. (2018) Racism, Crisis, Brexit, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41:10: 1802-1819. DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2017.1361544
- wa Thiongo, N. (1986) De-colonizing the mind: the politics of language in African literature.London: James Currey.
- Willems, W. (2018) Provincializing hegemonic histories of media and communication studies: Towards a genealogy of epistemic
- resistance in Africa. Communication theory, 24: 415 – 434.7) Communications. New York: Barnes and Nobles.
Les références
Alrababa’h, A., Marble, W., Mousa, S. & Siegel, A. (2019) Can exposure to celebrities reduce prejudice? The effect of Mohamed Salah on Islamophobic behaviors and attitudes. SocArXiv Papers, Paper no. 19-04., Immigration policy lab.
Andrews, K. (2018) Back to black: retelling black radicalism for the 21st century. London: Zed Books.
“Aston Villa condemns ‘disgusting’ Marvelous Nakamba racist chants”, ZimLive.com, 7 October 2019. HYPERLINK
“https://www.zimlive.com/2019/10/07/aston-villa-condemns-disgusting-marvelous-nakamba-racist-chants/” https://www.zimlive.com/2019/10/07/aston-villa-condemns-disgusting-marvelous-nakamba-racist-chants/ (Accessed 29 December 2019).
Bourdieu, P. (2008) Political interventions: Social science and political action, London: Verso.
Cabral, A. (1979) Unity and struggle. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Chasi. C. (2018) Decolonising the humanities: A smash-and-grab approach. In B. Mutsvairo (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Media and Communication research in Africa, Cham: Springer Nature.
Chasi. C. and Rodney-Gumede, Y. (2018) Decolonising communication studies: Advancing the discipline through fermenting participation studies. In B. Mutsvairo (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Media and Communication research in Africa, Cham: Springer Nature.
Choudry, A. (2015). Leaning activism: the intellectual life of contemporary social movements.Ontario: University of Toronto Press.
Collins, P.H. (2013). On intellectual activism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Collins, P.H. (2017)
Delgado, R. and Stefancic, J. (2013) Critical race theory: the cutting edge. New York: Temple University Press.
Delgado, R. and Stefancic, J. (2017) Critical race theory: an introduction. New York: New York University Press.
Du Bois, W.B.E (1903). The souls of black folks. New York: Bantam Press.
Eveleth, R. (2018) World Cup bad announcer Bingo. HYPERLINK “https://www.lastwordonnothing.com/2018/06/14/world-cup-bad-announcer- bingo/” https://www.lastwordonnothing.com/2018/06/14/world-cup-bad- announcer-bingo/ (Accessed 25 January
.
Fabian, J. (2005) Forgetting Africa. In M. Ntarangwi, D. Mills, & M. Babiker (eds.)African anthropologies: history, critique and practice. Dakar: CODESRIA. Fanon. F. (1967) Black Skin white masks. New York: Grove Press.8) Concerning violence. London: Penguin.
Fisher, J.(2005) The syncretic turn: cross-cultural practices in the age of multiculturalism. In Z. Kocur and S. Leung (eds), Theory in contemporary art since 1985. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Hall, S. (1997) “Race, the floating signifier”. Media Education Foundation. HYPERLINK “https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Stuart-Hall- Race-the-Floating-Signifier-Transcript.pdf ” https://www.mediaed.org/ transcripts/Stuart-Hall-Race-the-Floating-Signifier-Transcript.pdf.
Jansson, A. (2002) “The mediatization of consumption: towards an analytical framework of image culture”. Journal of consumer culture, 2(1): 5-31.
Jhally, S. (1997) “Introduction”. In Stuart Hall, “Race, the floating signifier”. Media Education Foundation. HYPERLINK “https://www.mediaed.org/transcripts/Stuart-Hall-Race-the-Floating-Signifier-Transcript. pdf ” https://www.mediaed.org/transcript/Stuart-Hall-Race-the-Floating- Signifier-Transcript.pdf.
Liu, T. and Deng, Z. (2020) “They’ve made our blood ties black”: On the Burst of Online Racism Towards the African in China’s Social Media. Critical Arts, DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2020.1717567Nataka, M. (2007) Disciplining the savages, savaging the disciplines. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. (2018) Epistemic freedom in Africa: deprovincialization and decolonization. London: Routledge. Gilley, B. (2017) The case for colonialism. Third world quarterly, DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2017.1369037. Giroux, H. A. (2004) The terror of neoliberalism: Authoritarianism and the eclipse of democracy. Colorado: Paradigm.Gramsci. A. (1971) Selections from the prison notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Hall, S (1996) Introduction: who needs identity?, in S. Hall and P. du Gay (eds),
Questions of cultural identity. London: Sage.Han, Q. (2008) Negotiated “Chineseness” and divided loyalties: My American grandson, Critical Arts: south-north cultural and media studies (Special issue: Brand China), 31(6): 59-75.
Hayek, F.A. (2006) The constitution of liberty. London: Routledge.Hewson, C. (2017). “Research design and tools for online research.” In N.G. Fielding,R.M. Lee and G. Blank (Eds.), The Sage handbook of online research methods. London: Sage.
Hirsch, A. (2020) “Black Britons know why Meghan Markle wants out, The New York Times, 9 January, HYPERLINK
“https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/09/ opinion/sunday/meghan-markle-prince-harry.html” https://www. nytimes.com/2020/01/09/opinion/sunday/meghan-markle-prince-harry.html ed 9 January 2020).
Krug, S. (2019) Decolonisation requires a new economics. Public books. HYPERLINK “https://www.publicbooks.org/decolonization-requires-a-new- economics/” https://www.publicbooks.org/decolonization-requires-a-new- economics/ (Accessed 25 January 2020).
Matsuda, M.J., Lawrence, C.R. Delagado, R. and Crenshaw, K.W. (1993) Words that wound: critical race theory, assaultive speech and the First Amendment. London: Routledge.
Mboti, N. (2019). Towards Apartheid studies. Glimpse, 20: 15-70.
Mkandawire, T. (2005) African intellectuals and nationalism. In T. Mkandawire (ed.), African intellectuals: rethinking politics, language,gender and development. Dakar: CODESRIA.
Moyo, D. (2012) Winner take all: China’s race for resources and what it means for us.London: Penguin Books.
Moyo, L and Mutsvairo, B. (2018) Can the subaltern think? The decolonial turn in communication research in Africa. In B. Mutsvairo (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Media and Communication research in Africa, Cham: Springer Nature.
Mudimbe, V. Y. (1988) The invention of Africa: Gnosis, philosophy and the order of knowledge. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Mutsvairo, B. (2018) The Palgrave Handbook of Media and Communication research in Africa, Cham: Springer Nature.
Ntarangwi, M., Mills, D. & Babiker, M. (2005) African anthropologies: history, critique and practice. Dakar: CODESRIA.
Obbo, C. (2005) But we know it all! African perspectives on anthropological knowledge. In M.
Ntarangwi, D. Mills, & M. Babiker (eds.) African anthropologies: history, critique and practice. Dakar: CODESRIA.
Nye, J.S. (2004) Soft power: the means to success in world politics. New York: Public Affairs. Riva, N. (2017) Putonghua and language harmony: China’s resources of cultural soft power. Critical Arts: south-north cultural and media studies, (Special issue: Bran
China), 31(6): 92-108.Kho, T. Y. (2014). Eurocentrism, modernity and Chinese sociality: An ethnographic study of everyday
socio-cultural life in new-millennium China (Doctor’s thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http:// commons.ln.edu.hk/cs_etd/22” http://commons.ln.edu.hk/cs_etd/22.
Rodney, W. (1983) The groundings with my brothers. London: Bogle-L’Ouverture lishing Ltd.
Ruby, J. (1992) Speaking for, speaking about, speaking with, or speaking alongside: An anthropological and documentary dilemma. Journal of film and video, 42(1 & 2): 42-66.
Saleem, A. (2020) Harry and Meghan were meant to embody post-racial Britain. So much for that. The Guardian, 11 January, HYPERLINK “https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/11/post-racial- britain-harry-meghan-tabloids” https://www.theguardian.com/ commentisfree/2020/jan/11/post-racial-britain-harry-meghan-tabloids (Accessed 3 February 2020).
Said, E.W. (1978) Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.
Segalov, M. (2018) The strangest animal I’ve seen is a black Tory, Huck Magazine, HYPERLINK “https://www.huckmag.com/perspectives/activism-2/ benjamin-zephaniah-windrush/” https://www.huckmag.com/perspectives/ activism-2/benjamin-zephaniah-windrush/ (Accessed 27 January 2020).Mos-Shogbamimu, S.(2019) Danny Baker and the white privilege of not noticing racism. Huffington Post, HYPERLINK “https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/danny-baker-white-privilege_uk_5cd52734e4b0796a95d95ffd”
https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/danny-baker-white-privilege_ uk_5cd52734e4b0796a95d95ffd (Accessed 3 April 2020).
Tomaselli, K.G. (2020): Humanities, Citations and Currency: Hierarchies of Value and Enabled Recolonisation, Critical Arts, DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2019.1690534. Tomaselli, K.G., Louw, E. & Merrett, C. (2019) Non-racialism, relationality and no- relation: recovering Biko’s Black Consciousness forgotten, Social Dynamics,45:2, 264-279, DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2019.1619294.
Tsoi, G., Ni, V., Chen, H.& Allen, K.(2016) What’s behind China’s ‘racist’ whitewashing advert? BBC News, HYPERLINK “Https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-asia-china-36394917” Https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia- china-36394917, (Accessed 14 July 2018).
Virdee, S. & McGeever, B. (2018) Racism, Crisis, Brexit, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41:10: 1802-1819. DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2017.1361544
wa Thiongo, N. (1986) De-colonizing the mind: the politics of language in African literature.London: James Currey.
Willems, W. (2018) Provincializing hegemonic histories of media and communication studies: Towards a genealogy of epistemic
resistance in Africa. Communication theory, 24: 415 – 434.7) Communications. New York: Barnes and Nobles.