2 - ‘Getting Too Great A Grip’: European Shipping Lines and British West African Lighterage Services in the 1930s
Corresponding Author(s) : Ayodeji Olukoju
Afrika Zamani,
No 9-10 (2002): Afrika Zamani: Revue annuelle d’histoire africaine
Résumé
Avec un seul port maritime situé sur la côte ouest-africaine, la navigation mari- time de la région dépendait des allèges servant à ravitailler les navires de haute mer. Cependant, les services de batelage étaient sous le monopole des grandes companies de navigation maritimes étrangères, qui formaient la «West African Shipping Conference» (Cartel de navigation de l’Afrique occidentale). Cette présentation décrit la réaction du gouvernement britannique, au moment où un tramp américain avait attaqué le cartel, à propos des frais d’expédition pratiqués en Afrique occidentale britannique, provoquant la controverse au sujet des services de batelage d’Afrique occidentale dans les années 30.
Cette communication décrit les pratiques discriminatoires des sociétés de batelage qui tentaient de se mettre au premier-plan d’une concurrence poten- tielle, sur la route de navigation USA/Afrique Occidentale. En associant habile- ment ses intérêts à ceux du Royame-Uni et en s’attribuant le soutien du ministère des Colonies, et celui du Ministère du Commerce, le cartel s’était si bien établi qu’il était devenu «intouchable». Dans le cadre de son analyse du débat entre les hauts responsables du ministère des Colonies, cet essai apporte des éclaircisse- ments sur le clivage existant entre les protectionnistes et les antiprotectionnistes; il fournit des informations sur les ramifications des relations existant entre le monde des affaires et le gouvernement, et entre le monde métropolitain/colonial, et décrit l’influence qu’exerçait la navigation sur le système économique impé- rial. Ce système était visiblement caractérisé par la prédominance des intérêts britanniques sur les intérêts étrangers, et par la prédominance des intérêts métropolitains sur ceux coloniaux.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Adebayo, A. G., 1992, ‘The Production and Export of Hides and Skins in Colo- nial Northern Nigeria, 1900-1945’, Journal of African History, 33, 2: 273-300.
- Davies, P. N., 1973, The Trade Makers: Elder Dempster in West Africa, 1852- 1972, London.
- Davies, P. N., 1977, ‘The impact of the expatriate shipping lines on the economic development of British West Africa’, Business History, XIX: 3-17.
- Hilling, D. & B.S. Hoyle (eds.), 1970, Seaports and Development in Africa, London.
- Leubuscher, Charlotte, 1963, The West African Shipping Trade, 1909-1959, Leiden.
- Njoku, O. N., 1979, ‘Evolution of Produce Inspection in Nigeria up to 1936’,
- ODU: A Journal of West African Studies, 19: 43-57, [new series].
- Olukoju, A., 1992, ‘The Development of the Port of Lagos, c.1892-1946’, Jour- nal of Transport History, Third Series, 13, 1: 59-78
- Olukoju, A., 1992, ‘Background to the Establishment of the Nigerian Ports Authority: The Politics of Port Administration in Nigeria, c.1920-1954’, International Journal of Maritime History, IV, 2: 159.
- Olukoju, A., 1992, ‘Elder Dempster and the Shipping Trade of Nigeria During the First World War’, Journal of African History, vol. 33, 2: 255-271.
- Olukoju, A., 1994, ‘The Making of an ‘Expensive Port’: Shipping Lines, Government and Port Tariffs in Lagos, 1917-1949’, International Journal of Maritime History, VI, 1: 141-159.
- Olukoju, A., 1995, ‘Anatomy of Business–Government Relations: Fiscal Policy and Mercantile Pressure Group Activity in Nigeria, 1916-1933’, African Studies Review, 38, 1: 23-50.
- Olukoju, A., 1996, ‘Playing the Second Fiddle: The Development of Port Harcourt and Its Role in the Nigerian Economy, 1917-1950’, International Jour- nal of Maritime History, VIII, 1 : 105-131.
- Olukoju, A., 1997, ‘Nigeria’s Colonial Government, Commercial Banks, and the Currency Crisis of 1916-20’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 30, 2: 277-298.
- Olukoju, A., 1998, ‘Government, The Business Community, and Quality Control Schemes in the Agricultural Export Trade of Nigeria, 1889-1929’, African Economic History, 26, 99-118.
- Olukoju, A., 1999, ‘“Helping our own Shipping’’: Official Passages to Nigeria, 1914-45’, The Journal of Transport History, Third Series, vol. 20, 1: 30-45.
- Olukoju, A., 1999, ‘Slamming the ‘Open Door’: British Protectionist Fiscal Policy in Inter-War Nigeria’, Itinerario: European Journal of Overseas History, XXIII, 2: 13-28.
- Olukoju, A., 2001, ‘Tropical Terminus: The Distress and Disposal of the American Schooner, Allanwilde, in Lagos, 1920-22’, Lagos Historical Review, 1: 114- 126.
- Olukoju, A., 2002, ‘Buy British, Sell Foreign’: External Trade Control Policies in Nigeria During World War II and Its Aftermath, 1939-50’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 35, 2 & 3: 363-384.
- Sherwood, M., 1997, ‘Elder Dempster and West Africa, c.1891-1940: The Genesis of Underdevelopment?’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 30, 2: 253-276.
Les références
Adebayo, A. G., 1992, ‘The Production and Export of Hides and Skins in Colo- nial Northern Nigeria, 1900-1945’, Journal of African History, 33, 2: 273-300.
Davies, P. N., 1973, The Trade Makers: Elder Dempster in West Africa, 1852- 1972, London.
Davies, P. N., 1977, ‘The impact of the expatriate shipping lines on the economic development of British West Africa’, Business History, XIX: 3-17.
Hilling, D. & B.S. Hoyle (eds.), 1970, Seaports and Development in Africa, London.
Leubuscher, Charlotte, 1963, The West African Shipping Trade, 1909-1959, Leiden.
Njoku, O. N., 1979, ‘Evolution of Produce Inspection in Nigeria up to 1936’,
ODU: A Journal of West African Studies, 19: 43-57, [new series].
Olukoju, A., 1992, ‘The Development of the Port of Lagos, c.1892-1946’, Jour- nal of Transport History, Third Series, 13, 1: 59-78
Olukoju, A., 1992, ‘Background to the Establishment of the Nigerian Ports Authority: The Politics of Port Administration in Nigeria, c.1920-1954’, International Journal of Maritime History, IV, 2: 159.
Olukoju, A., 1992, ‘Elder Dempster and the Shipping Trade of Nigeria During the First World War’, Journal of African History, vol. 33, 2: 255-271.
Olukoju, A., 1994, ‘The Making of an ‘Expensive Port’: Shipping Lines, Government and Port Tariffs in Lagos, 1917-1949’, International Journal of Maritime History, VI, 1: 141-159.
Olukoju, A., 1995, ‘Anatomy of Business–Government Relations: Fiscal Policy and Mercantile Pressure Group Activity in Nigeria, 1916-1933’, African Studies Review, 38, 1: 23-50.
Olukoju, A., 1996, ‘Playing the Second Fiddle: The Development of Port Harcourt and Its Role in the Nigerian Economy, 1917-1950’, International Jour- nal of Maritime History, VIII, 1 : 105-131.
Olukoju, A., 1997, ‘Nigeria’s Colonial Government, Commercial Banks, and the Currency Crisis of 1916-20’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 30, 2: 277-298.
Olukoju, A., 1998, ‘Government, The Business Community, and Quality Control Schemes in the Agricultural Export Trade of Nigeria, 1889-1929’, African Economic History, 26, 99-118.
Olukoju, A., 1999, ‘“Helping our own Shipping’’: Official Passages to Nigeria, 1914-45’, The Journal of Transport History, Third Series, vol. 20, 1: 30-45.
Olukoju, A., 1999, ‘Slamming the ‘Open Door’: British Protectionist Fiscal Policy in Inter-War Nigeria’, Itinerario: European Journal of Overseas History, XXIII, 2: 13-28.
Olukoju, A., 2001, ‘Tropical Terminus: The Distress and Disposal of the American Schooner, Allanwilde, in Lagos, 1920-22’, Lagos Historical Review, 1: 114- 126.
Olukoju, A., 2002, ‘Buy British, Sell Foreign’: External Trade Control Policies in Nigeria During World War II and Its Aftermath, 1939-50’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 35, 2 & 3: 363-384.
Sherwood, M., 1997, ‘Elder Dempster and West Africa, c.1891-1940: The Genesis of Underdevelopment?’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 30, 2: 253-276.