1 - Towards Academic Freedom for Africa in the 21st Century*
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 4 No 3 (2006): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
Cette contribution commence par passer en revue les changements significatifs in- tervenus dans l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique dans la dernière décennie en raison de la crise régionale et les dynamiques dans les perspectives de l’enseigne- ment supérieur tels qu’articulées dans l’arène internationale du développement et affirme que, si la crise dans l’enseignement supérieur dans les années 1980 et 1990 était le résultat des conditionnalités imposées par l’ajustement structurel, la décen- nie qui a suivi a connu un changement de politique qui a affecté les conditions de travail académique. Une attention particulière est portée à la manière dont les con- traintes économiques imposées à la liberté académique, l’autonomie institution- nelle et les conditions de service dans les institutions d’enseignement supérieur ont affecté les autres conditions sociales telles que les inégalités de genre, la crise du VIH/SIDA, les effets de la fuite persistante des cerveaux et comment les capacités locales ont adopté le survivalisme. Je souligne que les réformes de l’enseignement supérieur sapent la base matérielle de la vie académique en accentuant la privatisa- tion et la marchandisation dans un contexte de pauvreté. Des préoccupations exa- gérées d’ « efficacité » et d’ « excellence » ont conduit à la régulation et à la sur- veillance croissante de la production scientifique, rendant la liberté académique vulnérable aux mesures de performance qui pourraient être insensibles au travail des universitaires africains. La contribution conclut par recommander un programme d’activités destiné à réaffirmer la responsabilité publique dans l’enseignement su- périeur, renforcer et diversifier le travail universitaire indépendant et encourager les gouvernements africains à adopter des politiques qui renforceront l’enseigne- ment supérieur et assurer un environnement favorisant le développement et la li- berté académiques.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- AAU, 2001, ‘Declaration on the African University in the Third Millennium’. (www.aau.org/releases/declaration.htm). 18 August 2006.
- Ajayi, J., Goma L., and Ampah J. G., eds., 1996, The African Experience with Higher Education, Oxford: James Currey.
- Ake, C., 1994, Democratization and Disempowerment in Africa, Lagos: Malthouse Press.
- Altbach, P. G., 2003, ‘The United States and the International Education Trade’, in International Higher Education, No 31, Boston: The Boston College Center for International Higher Education.
- Bennett J., 2002, ‘Exploration of a “Gap”: Strategising Gender Equity in African Universities’, Feminist Africa, Vol. 1, No. 2.
- Diouf, M. and Mamdani, M., eds., 1994, Academic Freedom in Africa. Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Hountondji P., 2002, The Struggle for Meaning: Reflection on Philosophy, Culture and Democracy in Africa, Columbus OH: Ohio State University Press.
- ILO/UNESCO, 2000, Joint ILO/UNESCO Committee of Experts on the Applica- tion of the Recommendations concerning the Status of Teaching Personnel, Seventh Session Geneva. (www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/ ceatr.htm). 18 August 2006.
- Mama, A., 2003, ‘Restore, Reform but do not Transform: The Gender Politics of Higher Education in Africa’, Journal of Higher Education in Africa, Vol. 1, No.1.
- Manuh, T. et al., 2003, Change and Transformation in Ghana’s Publicly Funded Universities: A Study of Experiences, Lessons and Opportunities.
- Mkandawire, T., and Soludo, C., 1999, Our Continent, Our Future: African Per- spectives on Structural Adjustment, Dakar: IDRC/CODESRIA.
- Murunga G., 2001, ‘Private Universities in the Kenyan Higher Education Experi- ence’, CODESRIA Bulletin Nos 1 & 2.
- Musisi, N. et al., 2001, Makerere University in Transition 1993–2000: Opportuni- ties and Challenges.
- Oloka-Onyango, J., and Tamale S., 2000, ‘“Bitches” at the Academy: Gender and Academic Freedom in Africa’ in E. Sall, ed., 2000, Women in Academia: Gen- der and Academic Freedom in Africa.
- CODESRIA State of Academic Freedom Series, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Pereira C., 2002, A Gender Analysis of the Nigerian University System (forthcom- ing).
- Ramphele, M., 2002, Steering by the Stars: Being Young in South Africa, Cape Town: Tafelberg.
- Sall, E., ed., 2000, Women in Academia: Gender and Academic Freedom in Africa, CODESRIA State of Academic Freedom Series, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Samoff, J., and Caroll, B., 2002, ‘The Promise of Partnership and Continuities of Dependence: External Support to Higher education in Africa’, paper presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Washington, DC, 5–8 December.
- Sawyerr, A., 2002, ‘Challenges facing African Universities: Selected Issues’, paper presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Wash- ington DC, 5–8 December.
- Singh, M., 2001, ‘Re-Inserting the ‘Public Good’ into Higher Education Transfor- mation’, Kagisano Council on Higher Education (CHE) Discussion Series, No. 1.
- UNESCO, 1997, Recommendations Concerning the Status of Higher Education Teaching Personnel, Paris: UNESCO.
- World Bank, 2002, Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education, Washington DC: World Bank.
Les références
AAU, 2001, ‘Declaration on the African University in the Third Millennium’. (www.aau.org/releases/declaration.htm). 18 August 2006.
Ajayi, J., Goma L., and Ampah J. G., eds., 1996, The African Experience with Higher Education, Oxford: James Currey.
Ake, C., 1994, Democratization and Disempowerment in Africa, Lagos: Malthouse Press.
Altbach, P. G., 2003, ‘The United States and the International Education Trade’, in International Higher Education, No 31, Boston: The Boston College Center for International Higher Education.
Bennett J., 2002, ‘Exploration of a “Gap”: Strategising Gender Equity in African Universities’, Feminist Africa, Vol. 1, No. 2.
Diouf, M. and Mamdani, M., eds., 1994, Academic Freedom in Africa. Dakar: CODESRIA.
Hountondji P., 2002, The Struggle for Meaning: Reflection on Philosophy, Culture and Democracy in Africa, Columbus OH: Ohio State University Press.
ILO/UNESCO, 2000, Joint ILO/UNESCO Committee of Experts on the Applica- tion of the Recommendations concerning the Status of Teaching Personnel, Seventh Session Geneva. (www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/ ceatr.htm). 18 August 2006.
Mama, A., 2003, ‘Restore, Reform but do not Transform: The Gender Politics of Higher Education in Africa’, Journal of Higher Education in Africa, Vol. 1, No.1.
Manuh, T. et al., 2003, Change and Transformation in Ghana’s Publicly Funded Universities: A Study of Experiences, Lessons and Opportunities.
Mkandawire, T., and Soludo, C., 1999, Our Continent, Our Future: African Per- spectives on Structural Adjustment, Dakar: IDRC/CODESRIA.
Murunga G., 2001, ‘Private Universities in the Kenyan Higher Education Experi- ence’, CODESRIA Bulletin Nos 1 & 2.
Musisi, N. et al., 2001, Makerere University in Transition 1993–2000: Opportuni- ties and Challenges.
Oloka-Onyango, J., and Tamale S., 2000, ‘“Bitches” at the Academy: Gender and Academic Freedom in Africa’ in E. Sall, ed., 2000, Women in Academia: Gen- der and Academic Freedom in Africa.
CODESRIA State of Academic Freedom Series, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Pereira C., 2002, A Gender Analysis of the Nigerian University System (forthcom- ing).
Ramphele, M., 2002, Steering by the Stars: Being Young in South Africa, Cape Town: Tafelberg.
Sall, E., ed., 2000, Women in Academia: Gender and Academic Freedom in Africa, CODESRIA State of Academic Freedom Series, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Samoff, J., and Caroll, B., 2002, ‘The Promise of Partnership and Continuities of Dependence: External Support to Higher education in Africa’, paper presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Washington, DC, 5–8 December.
Sawyerr, A., 2002, ‘Challenges facing African Universities: Selected Issues’, paper presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Wash- ington DC, 5–8 December.
Singh, M., 2001, ‘Re-Inserting the ‘Public Good’ into Higher Education Transfor- mation’, Kagisano Council on Higher Education (CHE) Discussion Series, No. 1.
UNESCO, 1997, Recommendations Concerning the Status of Higher Education Teaching Personnel, Paris: UNESCO.
World Bank, 2002, Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education, Washington DC: World Bank.