2 - Transcending the State–Market Dichotomy, Developmentalism and Industrial Change: Learning from Critical African Scholars
Corresponding Author(s) : Eka Ikpe
Africa Development,
Vol. 46 No. 3 (2021): Africa Development
Abstract
Claude Ake presents the study of development as underpinned by Eurocentric
teleologism. This refers particularly to how Western social sciences have been
shaped around key disciplines that have been designed to restrain the ‘dynamic
character of reality’, with a focus on analysing order as opposed to change.
This article demonstrates the intellectual and practical limitations of linear
understandings of change and transition that abstract from the ‘dynamic
character of reality’ through disciplinary and other modes of confinement.
This has, for instance, underpinned the tendency towards dichotomisation
between the state and market across the ideological spectrum, in the study of
development. The article responds to this challenge by centring critical African
development thought in the work of Claude Ake, Thandika Mkandawire and
Adebayo Olukoshi, and shows how conceptual development and analyses
that are grounded in empirical experiences of transition problematise strict
delineations of the milieus of the state and market, and the limiting of industrial
development to particular sectors. In doing so, it showcases how progressing
beyond linear analyses of transition, such as through paradigm extension of the
developmental state paradigm to the enhanced developmental state paradigm,
draws on the work of these key critical scholars.
Keywords
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- Adedeji, A., 1994, An Alternative for Africa, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 5, No. 4,pp. 119–132.
- Adedeji, A., 1999, Structural Adjustment Policies in Africa, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 51, No. 162, pp. 521–528.
- Adejumobi, S., 1996, The Structural Adjustment Programme and Democratic Transition in Africa, Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, Vol. 29, No. 4,pp. 416–433.
- Ake, C., 1982, Social Science as Imperialism: The Theory of Political Development, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
- Ake, C., 1988, A Political Economy of Africa, Harlow, UK: Longman Group. Akyüz, Y. and Gore, C., 2001, African Economic Development in A Comparative Perspective, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 265–288.
- Amsden, A.H., 1989, Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Archibong, B., Coulibaly, B. and Okonjo-Iweala, N., 2021, Washington Consensus reforms and economic performance in sub-Saharan Africa, AGI Working Paper 27. Baran, P., 1957, The Political Economy of Growth, New York: Monthly Review Press. Booth, A., 1999, Initial Conditions and Miraculous Growth: Why Is South East Asia Different From Taiwan And South Korea?, World Development, Vol. 27,No. 2, pp. 301–321.
- Bruff, I., 2011, Overcoming the State/Market Dichotomy, in Shields, S., Bruff, I. and Macartney, H., eds, Critical International Political Economy, London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 80–98.
- Chang, H-J., 1994, The Political Economy of Industrial Policy, Basingstoke: Macmillan. Clapham, C., 2018, The Ethiopian Developmental State, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 1151–1165. Collins, S.M. and Bosworth, B.P., 1996, Economic Growth in East Asia: Accu- mulation Versus Assimilation, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Vol. 2, pp. 135–203.
- Africa Development, Volume XLVI, No. 3, 2021
- Dutt, A., Kim, K.S. and Singh, A., 1994, The State, Markets and Development, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Edigheji, O., 2010, ed., Constructing A Democratic Developmental State in South Africa: Potentials and Challenges, Cape Town: HSRC Press.
- Evans, P., 1995, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation, Princeton, CT: Princeton University Press.
- Fine, B., 2003, Neither the Washington nor the Post-Washington Consenses: An Introduction, in Fine, B., Lapavitsas, C. and Pincus, J., eds, Development Policy in The Twenty-First Century: Beyond the Post-Washington Consensus, London, UK: Routledge.
- Fine, B., 2006, The Developmental State and the Political Economy of Deve- lopment, in Jomo, K. S. and Fine, B., eds, The New Development Economics: After the Washington Consensus, London, UK: Zed Books.
- Fine, B., 2007, State, Development and Inequality: The Curious Incidence of the Developmental State in the Night-Time, Sanpad Conference, Durban, 26–30 June 2007, Durban, South Africa.
- Fine, B. and Saad-Filho, A., 2017, Thirteen Things You Need to Know About Neoliberalism, Critical Sociology, Vol. 43, No. 4–5, pp. 685–706.
- Fine, B. and Stoneman, C., 1996, State and Development: An Introduction, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 5–26.
- Fine, B. and Van Waeyenberge, E., 2013, A Paradigm Shift That Never Was: Justin Lin’s New Structural Economics, Competition and Change, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 355–371. Gereffi, G., 2014, Global Value Chains in A Post-Washington Consensus World, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 9–37.
- Gerschenkron, A., 1962, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
- Gibbon, P., Bangura, Y. and Ofstad, A., 1992, Authoritarianism, Democracy, And Adjust- ment: The Politics of Economic Reform in Africa, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
- Hattori, T. and Sato, Y., 1997, A Comparative Study of Development Mechanisms in Korea and Taiwan: Introductory Analysis, The Developing Economies, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 341–357.
- Hirschman, A.O., 1981, A Generalized Linkage Approach to Development, with Special Reference to Staples, in Hirschman, A. O., Essays in Trespassing: Economics to Politics and Beyond, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Hope, C.J., 2019, Developmentalism, Dependency, and the State: Industrial Policy and Structural Transformation in Namibia since 1900, doctoral thesis, Cambridge University (https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.38635).
- Ikpe, E., 2013, Lessons for Nigeria from Developmental States: The Role of Agri- culture in Structural Transformation, in: Fine, B., Saraswati, J. and Tavasci, D., eds, Beyond the
- Developmental State: Industrial Policy into the 21st Century, London, UK: Pluto Press.
- Ikpe, E., 2014, The Development Planning Era and Developmental Statehood: The Pursuit of Structural Transformation in Nigeria, Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 41, No. 142, pp. 545–560.
- Ikpe: Transcending the State–Market Dichotomy Ikpe, E., 2018, The Enduring Relevance of the Developmental State Paradigm Across Space and Time: Lessons for Africa on Structural Transformation and Agriculture in Oil-Rich Contexts, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 764–781.
- Ikpe, E., 2020, Developmental Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Postindependence Nigeria: Lessons from Asian Developmental States, Journal of Peacebuilding & De- velopment (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1542316620969660). Ikpe, E., 2021, Thinking About Developmental Statehood, Manufacturing and International Capital: The Case of Ethiopia, Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d’études du développement (https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1925636), pp. 1–22.
- Johnson, C.A., 1982, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Johnson, C.A., 1995, Japan, Who Governs? The Rise of The Developmental State, New York: Norton.
- Karshenas, M., 1995, Industrialization and Agricultural Surplus: A Comparative Study of Economic Development in Asia, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Keller, E.J., 1996, Structure, Agency and Political Liberalization in Africa, African Journal of Political Science, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 202–216.
- Krishnan, A., 2018, The Origin and Expansion of Regional Value Chains: The Case of Kenyan Horticulture, Global Networks, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 238–263.
- Krueger, A.O., 1974, The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society, The Ame- rican Economic Review, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 291–303.
- Krueger, A.O., 1990, Government Failures in Development, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 9–23.
- Lewis, W.A., 1954, Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour, The Manchester School, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 139–191.
- Matthews, S., 2018, Alternatives to Development in Africa, in Iñiguez de Heredia, M. and Wai, Z., eds, Recentering Africa in International Relations: Beyond Lack, Peripherality and Failure, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 167–186.
- Mazzucato, M., 2021, Mission Economy: A Moonshot Guide to Changing Capitalism, Dallas, TX: Allen Lane.
- Mkandawire, T., 2001, Thinking about Developmental States in Africa, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 289–314.
- Mkandawire, T. and Olukoshi, A., 1995, Between Liberalisation and Oppression: The Politics of Structural Adjustment in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Mkandawire, T. and Soludo, C.C., 2003, Introduction: Towards the Broadening of Development Policy Dialogue for Africa, in Mkandawire, T. and Soludo, C. C., eds, African Voices on Structural Adjustment: A Companion to Our Continent, Our Future, Trenton, NJ and Addis Ababa: Africa World Press.
- Mosley, P., Noorbakhsh, F. and Paloni, A., 2003, Compliance with World Bank Conditionality: Implications for The Selectivity Approach to Policy-Based Lending and the Design of Conditionality, CREDIT research paper (03/20).
References
Adedeji, A., 1994, An Alternative for Africa, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 5, No. 4,pp. 119–132.
Adedeji, A., 1999, Structural Adjustment Policies in Africa, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 51, No. 162, pp. 521–528.
Adejumobi, S., 1996, The Structural Adjustment Programme and Democratic Transition in Africa, Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee/Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, Vol. 29, No. 4,pp. 416–433.
Ake, C., 1982, Social Science as Imperialism: The Theory of Political Development, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
Ake, C., 1988, A Political Economy of Africa, Harlow, UK: Longman Group. Akyüz, Y. and Gore, C., 2001, African Economic Development in A Comparative Perspective, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 265–288.
Amsden, A.H., 1989, Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, New York: Oxford University Press.
Archibong, B., Coulibaly, B. and Okonjo-Iweala, N., 2021, Washington Consensus reforms and economic performance in sub-Saharan Africa, AGI Working Paper 27. Baran, P., 1957, The Political Economy of Growth, New York: Monthly Review Press. Booth, A., 1999, Initial Conditions and Miraculous Growth: Why Is South East Asia Different From Taiwan And South Korea?, World Development, Vol. 27,No. 2, pp. 301–321.
Bruff, I., 2011, Overcoming the State/Market Dichotomy, in Shields, S., Bruff, I. and Macartney, H., eds, Critical International Political Economy, London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 80–98.
Chang, H-J., 1994, The Political Economy of Industrial Policy, Basingstoke: Macmillan. Clapham, C., 2018, The Ethiopian Developmental State, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 1151–1165. Collins, S.M. and Bosworth, B.P., 1996, Economic Growth in East Asia: Accu- mulation Versus Assimilation, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Vol. 2, pp. 135–203.
Africa Development, Volume XLVI, No. 3, 2021
Dutt, A., Kim, K.S. and Singh, A., 1994, The State, Markets and Development, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Edigheji, O., 2010, ed., Constructing A Democratic Developmental State in South Africa: Potentials and Challenges, Cape Town: HSRC Press.
Evans, P., 1995, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation, Princeton, CT: Princeton University Press.
Fine, B., 2003, Neither the Washington nor the Post-Washington Consenses: An Introduction, in Fine, B., Lapavitsas, C. and Pincus, J., eds, Development Policy in The Twenty-First Century: Beyond the Post-Washington Consensus, London, UK: Routledge.
Fine, B., 2006, The Developmental State and the Political Economy of Deve- lopment, in Jomo, K. S. and Fine, B., eds, The New Development Economics: After the Washington Consensus, London, UK: Zed Books.
Fine, B., 2007, State, Development and Inequality: The Curious Incidence of the Developmental State in the Night-Time, Sanpad Conference, Durban, 26–30 June 2007, Durban, South Africa.
Fine, B. and Saad-Filho, A., 2017, Thirteen Things You Need to Know About Neoliberalism, Critical Sociology, Vol. 43, No. 4–5, pp. 685–706.
Fine, B. and Stoneman, C., 1996, State and Development: An Introduction, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 5–26.
Fine, B. and Van Waeyenberge, E., 2013, A Paradigm Shift That Never Was: Justin Lin’s New Structural Economics, Competition and Change, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 355–371. Gereffi, G., 2014, Global Value Chains in A Post-Washington Consensus World, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 9–37.
Gerschenkron, A., 1962, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Gibbon, P., Bangura, Y. and Ofstad, A., 1992, Authoritarianism, Democracy, And Adjust- ment: The Politics of Economic Reform in Africa, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
Hattori, T. and Sato, Y., 1997, A Comparative Study of Development Mechanisms in Korea and Taiwan: Introductory Analysis, The Developing Economies, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 341–357.
Hirschman, A.O., 1981, A Generalized Linkage Approach to Development, with Special Reference to Staples, in Hirschman, A. O., Essays in Trespassing: Economics to Politics and Beyond, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hope, C.J., 2019, Developmentalism, Dependency, and the State: Industrial Policy and Structural Transformation in Namibia since 1900, doctoral thesis, Cambridge University (https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.38635).
Ikpe, E., 2013, Lessons for Nigeria from Developmental States: The Role of Agri- culture in Structural Transformation, in: Fine, B., Saraswati, J. and Tavasci, D., eds, Beyond the
Developmental State: Industrial Policy into the 21st Century, London, UK: Pluto Press.
Ikpe, E., 2014, The Development Planning Era and Developmental Statehood: The Pursuit of Structural Transformation in Nigeria, Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 41, No. 142, pp. 545–560.
Ikpe: Transcending the State–Market Dichotomy Ikpe, E., 2018, The Enduring Relevance of the Developmental State Paradigm Across Space and Time: Lessons for Africa on Structural Transformation and Agriculture in Oil-Rich Contexts, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 764–781.
Ikpe, E., 2020, Developmental Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Postindependence Nigeria: Lessons from Asian Developmental States, Journal of Peacebuilding & De- velopment (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1542316620969660). Ikpe, E., 2021, Thinking About Developmental Statehood, Manufacturing and International Capital: The Case of Ethiopia, Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d’études du développement (https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2021.1925636), pp. 1–22.
Johnson, C.A., 1982, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Johnson, C.A., 1995, Japan, Who Governs? The Rise of The Developmental State, New York: Norton.
Karshenas, M., 1995, Industrialization and Agricultural Surplus: A Comparative Study of Economic Development in Asia, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Keller, E.J., 1996, Structure, Agency and Political Liberalization in Africa, African Journal of Political Science, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 202–216.
Krishnan, A., 2018, The Origin and Expansion of Regional Value Chains: The Case of Kenyan Horticulture, Global Networks, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 238–263.
Krueger, A.O., 1974, The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society, The Ame- rican Economic Review, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 291–303.
Krueger, A.O., 1990, Government Failures in Development, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 9–23.
Lewis, W.A., 1954, Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour, The Manchester School, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 139–191.
Matthews, S., 2018, Alternatives to Development in Africa, in Iñiguez de Heredia, M. and Wai, Z., eds, Recentering Africa in International Relations: Beyond Lack, Peripherality and Failure, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 167–186.
Mazzucato, M., 2021, Mission Economy: A Moonshot Guide to Changing Capitalism, Dallas, TX: Allen Lane.
Mkandawire, T., 2001, Thinking about Developmental States in Africa, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 289–314.
Mkandawire, T. and Olukoshi, A., 1995, Between Liberalisation and Oppression: The Politics of Structural Adjustment in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Mkandawire, T. and Soludo, C.C., 2003, Introduction: Towards the Broadening of Development Policy Dialogue for Africa, in Mkandawire, T. and Soludo, C. C., eds, African Voices on Structural Adjustment: A Companion to Our Continent, Our Future, Trenton, NJ and Addis Ababa: Africa World Press.
Mosley, P., Noorbakhsh, F. and Paloni, A., 2003, Compliance with World Bank Conditionality: Implications for The Selectivity Approach to Policy-Based Lending and the Design of Conditionality, CREDIT research paper (03/20).