6 - Democracy in The Gambia: Past, Present and Prospect for the Future
Corresponding Author(s) : Cariene J. Edie
Africa Development,
Vol. 25 No. 3-4 (2000): Africa Development
Abstract
Le coup d'État militaire de 1994 a mis fin au règne du gouvernement du Peoples Progressive Party (PPP) de Sir Daouda Jawara, effaçant 29 années de politiques électorales en Gambie après l'indépendance. La Gambie sous Jawara était décrite comme étant un pays démocratique stable, avec un leader qui s'est efforcé de développer le pays, et qui a bénéficié du soutien de la majorité.Cet article affirme, au contraire, que la Gambie d'après indépendance manquait de stabilité démocratique, et que les institutions politiques ont été utilisées pour perpétuer le pouvoir de ceux qui contrôlent l'Etat, et non pour œuvrer des changements nécessaires au développement du pays. Ce point de vue contraire est sous-tendu par une évaluation des conditions sociale, économique, et politique pendant et après le règne de Jawara. Des questions concernant les perspectives d'un développement démocratique après l'interlude militaire sont soulevées.
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- Ahmed, Iqbal, A Bigsten, A. Munoz, and P. Vashishtha, 1992, Poverty in TheCambia, Geneva, ILO.
- Annual Economie Review, 1970, Ghana, The Cambia, Sie"a Leone, London.
- Cook, David and A. Hughes, 1997, 'The Politics of Economie Recovery: The Gambia's Experience of Structural .Adjustment, 1985-94', Journal of Commonwealth and Oimparalive Politics, Vol. 35, No. 1 (March), pp. 93-117.
- Da Costa, P., 1995, 'The Gambia: Out with the Old' Afnca &port Oanuary February), pp. 48-51.
- Davis, Daniel, David Hulme and Phillip Woodhouse, 1994, 'Decentralisation by Default: local governance and the view from the village in The Gambia', Public Administration And Devekipment, Vol. 14, pp. 253-69.
- Dieke, P., 1994, 'The Political Economy of Tourism in The Gambia', Review OfAfrican Pofiticaf Econonry, No. 62, pp. 611-627. Economie Commission for .Africa (ECA), 1993.
- FOROYA.A, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, Serrekunda, PDOIS.
- Govemment of The Gambia, 1975, Five-Year Plan for Economie and Sociaf Devefopment,1975/76 to 1979/80, Banjul, The Gambia.
- Hadjimichael, ÎÜchael T., T Rumbaugh and E. Verreydt, 1992, The Cambia: Economie Atfjustment in a Smaff Open Econonry, Washington, D.C, IMF.
- Hughes, .A., 1975, 'From Green Uprising to National Reconciliation: The People Progressive Party in The Gambia', Canadian Journal Of African Studies, Vol. 9,No. 1, pp. 61-74.
- Hughes, A., 1983, 'From Colonialism to Confederation: The Gambian Experience of lndependence, 1965-1982', pp. 57-80 in R. Cohen, ed., African Islands And Enclave. Vol. 7, Beverly Hills, Sage Publications.
- Hughes, A., 1991, 'The .Attempted Coup d'état of 27 July 1981', pp. 92-106 in A. Hughes, ed., The Cambia: Studies in Sociery and Politics, Birmingham, Birmingham University; .African Studies, Series 3, Centre for West .African Studies.
- Jabara, C., 1994, 'Structural Adjustment in a Small, Open Economy: The Case of The Gambia', pp. 302-31 in David E. Sahn, ed., Adjusting to Poliry FailNr, in African Economies, lthaca, Comell University Press.
- McNamara, Paul, and M. McPherson, 1995, 'Customs Reform', pp. 33-46 in M. McPherson and S, Radelet, eds., Economie Recovery in The Cambia: Insights For Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge, Harvard lnstitute for International Development.
- McPherson, lI. and S. Radelet, 1991, 'Economie Reform in The Gambia: Policies, Politics, Foreign
- Aid and Luck, in D. H. Perkins and M. Roemer, eds., Reforming Economie Systems in Devewping Countries, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
- McPherson, M. and S. Radelet, eds., 1995, 'Economie Recovery in The Gambia. lnsights For Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa', Cambridge, Role of The Gambian Political Parties in National lntegration. Ph.cl Thesis, University of Virginia.
- Nyang, S., 1974, 'The Role of the Gambian Political Parties in National lntegrapon', Ph.D Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
- Perfect, D., 1986, 'Organised Labour and Politics in The Gambia: 1960-1985', Lzbour, Capital and Sociery, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 168-199.
- Radelet, S., 1992, 'Reform without Revoit: The Political Economy of Economie Reform in The Gambia'. World Devewpment, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 1087-1099.
- Radelet, S., 1993, 'The Gambia's Economie Recovery: Policy Reforms, Foreign .Aid or Rain?',JournalOJ Poliry Modeling, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 251-76.
- Radelet, S. and M. McPherson, 1995a, 'Epilogue: The July 1994 Coup d'état', pp. 311-318 in M.
- McPherson and S. Raddet, eds., Eco11()mic Recovery In The Cambia.
- Radelet, S. and M. McPherson, 1995b, The Politics of Economie Reform',pp. 33- 46 in M. McPherson and S. Radelet, eds., Economie Recovery In The Cambia.
- Riec, B., 1967, Enter Gambia: The Birth of an Improbable Nation, London, Angus and Robertson.
- Sallah, T., 1990, 'Economies and Politics in The Gambia', Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 621-648.
References
Ahmed, Iqbal, A Bigsten, A. Munoz, and P. Vashishtha, 1992, Poverty in TheCambia, Geneva, ILO.
Annual Economie Review, 1970, Ghana, The Cambia, Sie"a Leone, London.
Cook, David and A. Hughes, 1997, 'The Politics of Economie Recovery: The Gambia's Experience of Structural .Adjustment, 1985-94', Journal of Commonwealth and Oimparalive Politics, Vol. 35, No. 1 (March), pp. 93-117.
Da Costa, P., 1995, 'The Gambia: Out with the Old' Afnca &port Oanuary February), pp. 48-51.
Davis, Daniel, David Hulme and Phillip Woodhouse, 1994, 'Decentralisation by Default: local governance and the view from the village in The Gambia', Public Administration And Devekipment, Vol. 14, pp. 253-69.
Dieke, P., 1994, 'The Political Economy of Tourism in The Gambia', Review OfAfrican Pofiticaf Econonry, No. 62, pp. 611-627. Economie Commission for .Africa (ECA), 1993.
FOROYA.A, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, Serrekunda, PDOIS.
Govemment of The Gambia, 1975, Five-Year Plan for Economie and Sociaf Devefopment,1975/76 to 1979/80, Banjul, The Gambia.
Hadjimichael, ÎÜchael T., T Rumbaugh and E. Verreydt, 1992, The Cambia: Economie Atfjustment in a Smaff Open Econonry, Washington, D.C, IMF.
Hughes, .A., 1975, 'From Green Uprising to National Reconciliation: The People Progressive Party in The Gambia', Canadian Journal Of African Studies, Vol. 9,No. 1, pp. 61-74.
Hughes, A., 1983, 'From Colonialism to Confederation: The Gambian Experience of lndependence, 1965-1982', pp. 57-80 in R. Cohen, ed., African Islands And Enclave. Vol. 7, Beverly Hills, Sage Publications.
Hughes, A., 1991, 'The .Attempted Coup d'état of 27 July 1981', pp. 92-106 in A. Hughes, ed., The Cambia: Studies in Sociery and Politics, Birmingham, Birmingham University; .African Studies, Series 3, Centre for West .African Studies.
Jabara, C., 1994, 'Structural Adjustment in a Small, Open Economy: The Case of The Gambia', pp. 302-31 in David E. Sahn, ed., Adjusting to Poliry FailNr, in African Economies, lthaca, Comell University Press.
McNamara, Paul, and M. McPherson, 1995, 'Customs Reform', pp. 33-46 in M. McPherson and S, Radelet, eds., Economie Recovery in The Cambia: Insights For Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge, Harvard lnstitute for International Development.
McPherson, lI. and S. Radelet, 1991, 'Economie Reform in The Gambia: Policies, Politics, Foreign
Aid and Luck, in D. H. Perkins and M. Roemer, eds., Reforming Economie Systems in Devewping Countries, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
McPherson, M. and S. Radelet, eds., 1995, 'Economie Recovery in The Gambia. lnsights For Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa', Cambridge, Role of The Gambian Political Parties in National lntegration. Ph.cl Thesis, University of Virginia.
Nyang, S., 1974, 'The Role of the Gambian Political Parties in National lntegrapon', Ph.D Thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
Perfect, D., 1986, 'Organised Labour and Politics in The Gambia: 1960-1985', Lzbour, Capital and Sociery, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 168-199.
Radelet, S., 1992, 'Reform without Revoit: The Political Economy of Economie Reform in The Gambia'. World Devewpment, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 1087-1099.
Radelet, S., 1993, 'The Gambia's Economie Recovery: Policy Reforms, Foreign .Aid or Rain?',JournalOJ Poliry Modeling, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 251-76.
Radelet, S. and M. McPherson, 1995a, 'Epilogue: The July 1994 Coup d'état', pp. 311-318 in M.
McPherson and S. Raddet, eds., Eco11()mic Recovery In The Cambia.
Radelet, S. and M. McPherson, 1995b, The Politics of Economie Reform',pp. 33- 46 in M. McPherson and S. Radelet, eds., Economie Recovery In The Cambia.
Riec, B., 1967, Enter Gambia: The Birth of an Improbable Nation, London, Angus and Robertson.
Sallah, T., 1990, 'Economies and Politics in The Gambia', Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 621-648.