6 - The Public Space in Nigeria: Politics of Power, Gender and Exclusion
Corresponding Author(s) : Ogoh Alubo
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 36 No 1 (2011): Afrique et développement
Résumé
L’espace public véhicule souvent une notion de res publica, appartenant à tous les membres du public avec un accès et une participation sur un pied d’égalité. En réalité, cependant, il existe
plusieurs publics, ainsi que plusieurs espaces, aux niveaux local, étatique, national et international. Indépendamment des niveaux, l’espace public est le lieu où sont prises, exécutées et évaluées des décisions ayant force obligatoire pour tous. C’est une arène dans laquelle les divers publics luttent pour le contrôle et la participation. L’accès et la participation à l’espace public au Nigeria sont fréquemment conçus comme faisant partie de la question nationale et soutiennent la nature de l’intégration dans un pays où toutes les unités constituantes ont un sentiment d’appartenance. Il est ici soutenu que l’espace public nigérian est un terrain contesté dont l’accès reflète toutes les divisions connues de la société : le genre, la classe, la religion et l’ethnicité. Ces divisions deviennent les déterminants importants de l’accès, ainsi que de la nature et la qualité de la participation. Certaines de ces contestations se sont soldées par des explosions de violence, dressant les indigènes contre les colons, un groupe ethnique contre l’autre ou les autres, ainsi que les chrétiens contre les musulmans. Ces expériences, y compris celles de la participation des femmes au processus politique et aux luttes pour une citoyenneté commune au Nigeria, servent d’illustration à la contestation autour de l’espace public. En conclusion, nous disons que la participation à l’espace public et son contrôle doivent être reconnus comme faisant partie des questions plus larges de droits liés à la citoyenneté et d’égalité des sexes dans la société.
L’expérience du Nigeria comporte des enseignements importants pour le reste du continent africain qui s’enlise dans plusieurs conflits, dont la plupart portent sur l’accès et le contrôle de l’espace public national/territorial.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Abah, S., ed., 2003, The Geographies of Citizenship, Zaria: Tamaza
- Abah, S., and Okwori, J., 2002, ‘Agendas in Encountering Citizens in the Nigerian Context’ IDS Bulletin, 33(2), pp.24-30.
- Abah, S., and Okwori, J., 2005, ‘A Nation in Search of Citizens: Problems of Citizenship in the Nigerian Context’, in N. Kabeer, ed., Inclusive Citizenship: Meanings and Expressions, London: Zed Books, pp. 71-84.
- Adamu, Governor A., 2002, ‘Ethnic Conflicts in Nigeria’, paper presented at the Presidential Retreat on Peace and Conflict Resolution, National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru.
- Agina-Ude, 2003, ‘Strategies for Expanding Female Participation in 2003 Election and Beyond’, The Nigerian Social Scientist, 6 (1), pp. 3-7.
- Alli, W. and Egwu, S., 2003, ‘Population Displacement in the Tiv-Azara Communal conflict, O. Nnoli, ed., Communal Conflict and Population in Nigeria Enugu: PACREP Books, pp. 113-139.
- Akinyemi, B., 2005, ‘The Nigerian Question the Way forward’, Daily Trust, eds, Discharging a Burden: The Nigerian Question, Abuja: Daily Trust Publications, pp. 28-33.
- Albertyn, C., 2003, ‘Contesting Democracy: HIV/AIDS and the Achievement of Gender Equality in South Africa’, Feminist Studies 29(3), pp. 595-611.
- Alubo, O., 2004, ‘Citizenship and Nation Making in Nigeria: New Challenges and Contestations’, Identity, Culture and Politics 5(1&2), pp. 135-161
- Alubo, O., 2005, ‘When the Majority Loses the Vote: Women and the Political Process in Nigeria’, Nigerian Journal of Policy and Strategy 15(1, 2), pp. 49-66.
- Alubo, O., 2006, Nigeria: Ethnic Conflicts and Citizenship Crises in the Central Region, Ibadan: PEFS.
- Alubo, O., 2008, ‘Understanding the Issues in the Citizenship-Indigenship Crisis in Nigeria’, Golwa, J. and O. Ojiji, eds, Dialogue on Citizenship in Nigeria, Abuja: Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution.
- Banerjee, T., 2001, ‘The Future of Public Space’, APA Journal 67(1), pp. 9-24.
- Best, S., 2007, Conflict and Peace Building in Plateau State, Nigeria, Ibadan: Spectrum.
- Egwu, S., 1998, Structural Adjustment, Agrarian Change and Rural Ethnicity, Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.
- Egwu, S., 2003, ‘Ethnic Conflicts and Population Displacement in Zango Kataf’, in O. Onoli ed., Communal Conflicts and Population Displacement in Nigeria, Enugu: PACREP Book Series, No. 1.
- Egwu, S., 2004, ‘Beyond “Native” and “Settler” Identities: Globalization and the Challenges of Multicultural Citizenship in Nigeria’. John Moru, ed., Another Nigeria is Possible, Abuja: Nigeria Social Forum, pp. 100-131.
- Egwu, S., 2008, ‘Identity and the Politics of Space: Communal Conflicts in Contemporary Nigeria’, Ukiwo, U. and J. Peterside eds, Nigerian Society in the 21st Century, Port Harcourt: Centre for Advanced Social Science, p. 268-302.
- Elaigwu, J., 2005, ‘The Nigerian Question: The Way Forward’, Daily Trust,eds, Discharging a Burden: The Nigerian Question, Abuja: Daily Trust Publications, pp.34-49.
- Enwerem, I., 1995, A Dangerous Awakening: The Politicization of Religion in Nigeria, Ibadan: IFRA.
- Erinosho, L., 2008, ‘Social Security and Social Welfare in Nigeria’, Ukiwo, U. and J. Peterside, eds, Nigerian Society in the 21st Century, Port Harcourt: Centre for Advanced Social Science, pp. 382-405.
- Feranandes, L., 1997, ‘Beyond Public Spaces and Private Spheres: Gender, Family and Working Class Politics in India’, Feminist Studies 23, pp. 525-547.
- Gofwen, R. I., 2004, Religious Conflicts in Northern Nigeria and Nation Building, Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor.
- Habermas, J., 1991, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into Category of Bourgeois Society Human Rights Watch, 2006 , ‘They do not own this Place’: Government discrimination Against Non- indigenes in Nigeria,’ New York: Human Rights Watch.
- Ibeanu, O., 2003, ‘(Sp) Oils of Politics: Petroleum, Politics and the Illusion of Development in the Niger Delta, Nigeria’, Association of Concerned African Scholars.
- Ibrahim, J., 2006, ‘Expanding the Human Rights Regime in Africa: Citizens, Indigenes and Exclusion in Nigeria’, Lemart Wohlgemath and Ebrima Sall eds, Human Rights, Regionalism and the Dilemmas of Democracy in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA, pp. 97-111.
- Ibrahim, J. and Salihu, A., 2004, ‘Women Marginalization and Politics in Nigeria’, Abuja: OSIWA/Global Rights.
- Jega, A., 2003, ‘Identity Transformation and the Politics of Identity under Crisis and Adjustment’, A. Jega ed., Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, Kano, Centre for Research and Documentation, pp. 11-25.
- Jibo, M., Simbine, A. and Galadima, H., 2001, Ethnic Groups and Conflicts in Nigeria: The North-Central Zone of Nigeria, Ibadan: the Lords Creation.
- Kuna, M., 2005, ‘Variations in Perceptions and Impact of the Shari’ah in Twelve States in Northern Nigeria’, in Alemika, E. and F. Okoye, eds, Human Rights and Shari’ah Penal Code in Northern Nigeria, Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor, pp. 183-194.
- Maier, K., 2000, This House has Fallen; Midnight in Nigeria, Boston: Little Brown.
- Madunagwu, E., 2002, ‘A Survey of Ethnic Nationalism’, The Guardian, January 27.
- Madunagwu, E., 2006, Understanding Nigeria and the New Imperialism, Calabar: Clear Lines Publications.
- Mustapha, R., 2000, ‘Transformation of Minority Identities in Post Colonial Nigeria’, A. Jega, ed., Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, Kano, Centre for Research and Documentation, pp. 86-108.
- Neocosmos, M., 2006, From ‘Foreign Natives’ to ‘Native Foreigners’: Explaining Xenophobia in Post-apartheid South Africa, Dakar:CODESRIA.
- Obi, A., 2008, ‘Chasing the Shadow over Big Brother Africa’, Sun, September 1, Ogbuagu, S’, 2002, ‘Gender and the Democratic Process in Nigeria: Issues of Concern’, Lagos: EMPARC.
- Ostien, P., Nasir, J. and Kogelman, F., 2005, Comparative Perspectives on Shariah, Abuja: Spectrum.
- Otite, O., 2002, Managing Nigeria’s Ethnic Pluralism in a Democratic Environment, University of Calabar, Rinaldo, R. 2008, ‘Envisioning the Nation: Women Activist, Religion and the Public Space in Indonesia’, Social Forces 86(4), pp. 1781-1804.
- Sha, P., 2005, ‘Shari’ah and Ethno-Religious Conflcits in Nigeria’, Alemika, E. and F. Okoye, eds, Human Rights and Shari’ah Penal Code in Northern Nigeria, Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor, pp. 195-216.
- Simbine, A., 2002, ‘Women Participation in the Political Parties of the Fourth Republic: The Case of the People’s Democratic Party’, Jibo, M. and A. Simbine, eds., Contemporary Issues in Nigerian Politics, Ibadan: Jodad, pp. 141-157.
- Tiv communities 2002Memorandum Presented on behalf Tiv people of Nasarawa South Senatorial District of Nasarawa State Presidential Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Inter-communal Conflicts in Benue, Nasarawa, Plateau and Taraba States.
- Toure-Kaza, T., 2003, Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Kaduna, Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor.
- Us an, B., 1987, The Manipulation of Religion in Nigeria, Kaduna: Vanguard Publishers.
Les références
Abah, S., ed., 2003, The Geographies of Citizenship, Zaria: Tamaza
Abah, S., and Okwori, J., 2002, ‘Agendas in Encountering Citizens in the Nigerian Context’ IDS Bulletin, 33(2), pp.24-30.
Abah, S., and Okwori, J., 2005, ‘A Nation in Search of Citizens: Problems of Citizenship in the Nigerian Context’, in N. Kabeer, ed., Inclusive Citizenship: Meanings and Expressions, London: Zed Books, pp. 71-84.
Adamu, Governor A., 2002, ‘Ethnic Conflicts in Nigeria’, paper presented at the Presidential Retreat on Peace and Conflict Resolution, National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru.
Agina-Ude, 2003, ‘Strategies for Expanding Female Participation in 2003 Election and Beyond’, The Nigerian Social Scientist, 6 (1), pp. 3-7.
Alli, W. and Egwu, S., 2003, ‘Population Displacement in the Tiv-Azara Communal conflict, O. Nnoli, ed., Communal Conflict and Population in Nigeria Enugu: PACREP Books, pp. 113-139.
Akinyemi, B., 2005, ‘The Nigerian Question the Way forward’, Daily Trust, eds, Discharging a Burden: The Nigerian Question, Abuja: Daily Trust Publications, pp. 28-33.
Albertyn, C., 2003, ‘Contesting Democracy: HIV/AIDS and the Achievement of Gender Equality in South Africa’, Feminist Studies 29(3), pp. 595-611.
Alubo, O., 2004, ‘Citizenship and Nation Making in Nigeria: New Challenges and Contestations’, Identity, Culture and Politics 5(1&2), pp. 135-161
Alubo, O., 2005, ‘When the Majority Loses the Vote: Women and the Political Process in Nigeria’, Nigerian Journal of Policy and Strategy 15(1, 2), pp. 49-66.
Alubo, O., 2006, Nigeria: Ethnic Conflicts and Citizenship Crises in the Central Region, Ibadan: PEFS.
Alubo, O., 2008, ‘Understanding the Issues in the Citizenship-Indigenship Crisis in Nigeria’, Golwa, J. and O. Ojiji, eds, Dialogue on Citizenship in Nigeria, Abuja: Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution.
Banerjee, T., 2001, ‘The Future of Public Space’, APA Journal 67(1), pp. 9-24.
Best, S., 2007, Conflict and Peace Building in Plateau State, Nigeria, Ibadan: Spectrum.
Egwu, S., 1998, Structural Adjustment, Agrarian Change and Rural Ethnicity, Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.
Egwu, S., 2003, ‘Ethnic Conflicts and Population Displacement in Zango Kataf’, in O. Onoli ed., Communal Conflicts and Population Displacement in Nigeria, Enugu: PACREP Book Series, No. 1.
Egwu, S., 2004, ‘Beyond “Native” and “Settler” Identities: Globalization and the Challenges of Multicultural Citizenship in Nigeria’. John Moru, ed., Another Nigeria is Possible, Abuja: Nigeria Social Forum, pp. 100-131.
Egwu, S., 2008, ‘Identity and the Politics of Space: Communal Conflicts in Contemporary Nigeria’, Ukiwo, U. and J. Peterside eds, Nigerian Society in the 21st Century, Port Harcourt: Centre for Advanced Social Science, p. 268-302.
Elaigwu, J., 2005, ‘The Nigerian Question: The Way Forward’, Daily Trust,eds, Discharging a Burden: The Nigerian Question, Abuja: Daily Trust Publications, pp.34-49.
Enwerem, I., 1995, A Dangerous Awakening: The Politicization of Religion in Nigeria, Ibadan: IFRA.
Erinosho, L., 2008, ‘Social Security and Social Welfare in Nigeria’, Ukiwo, U. and J. Peterside, eds, Nigerian Society in the 21st Century, Port Harcourt: Centre for Advanced Social Science, pp. 382-405.
Feranandes, L., 1997, ‘Beyond Public Spaces and Private Spheres: Gender, Family and Working Class Politics in India’, Feminist Studies 23, pp. 525-547.
Gofwen, R. I., 2004, Religious Conflicts in Northern Nigeria and Nation Building, Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor.
Habermas, J., 1991, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into Category of Bourgeois Society Human Rights Watch, 2006 , ‘They do not own this Place’: Government discrimination Against Non- indigenes in Nigeria,’ New York: Human Rights Watch.
Ibeanu, O., 2003, ‘(Sp) Oils of Politics: Petroleum, Politics and the Illusion of Development in the Niger Delta, Nigeria’, Association of Concerned African Scholars.
Ibrahim, J., 2006, ‘Expanding the Human Rights Regime in Africa: Citizens, Indigenes and Exclusion in Nigeria’, Lemart Wohlgemath and Ebrima Sall eds, Human Rights, Regionalism and the Dilemmas of Democracy in Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA, pp. 97-111.
Ibrahim, J. and Salihu, A., 2004, ‘Women Marginalization and Politics in Nigeria’, Abuja: OSIWA/Global Rights.
Jega, A., 2003, ‘Identity Transformation and the Politics of Identity under Crisis and Adjustment’, A. Jega ed., Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, Kano, Centre for Research and Documentation, pp. 11-25.
Jibo, M., Simbine, A. and Galadima, H., 2001, Ethnic Groups and Conflicts in Nigeria: The North-Central Zone of Nigeria, Ibadan: the Lords Creation.
Kuna, M., 2005, ‘Variations in Perceptions and Impact of the Shari’ah in Twelve States in Northern Nigeria’, in Alemika, E. and F. Okoye, eds, Human Rights and Shari’ah Penal Code in Northern Nigeria, Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor, pp. 183-194.
Maier, K., 2000, This House has Fallen; Midnight in Nigeria, Boston: Little Brown.
Madunagwu, E., 2002, ‘A Survey of Ethnic Nationalism’, The Guardian, January 27.
Madunagwu, E., 2006, Understanding Nigeria and the New Imperialism, Calabar: Clear Lines Publications.
Mustapha, R., 2000, ‘Transformation of Minority Identities in Post Colonial Nigeria’, A. Jega, ed., Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, Kano, Centre for Research and Documentation, pp. 86-108.
Neocosmos, M., 2006, From ‘Foreign Natives’ to ‘Native Foreigners’: Explaining Xenophobia in Post-apartheid South Africa, Dakar:CODESRIA.
Obi, A., 2008, ‘Chasing the Shadow over Big Brother Africa’, Sun, September 1, Ogbuagu, S’, 2002, ‘Gender and the Democratic Process in Nigeria: Issues of Concern’, Lagos: EMPARC.
Ostien, P., Nasir, J. and Kogelman, F., 2005, Comparative Perspectives on Shariah, Abuja: Spectrum.
Otite, O., 2002, Managing Nigeria’s Ethnic Pluralism in a Democratic Environment, University of Calabar, Rinaldo, R. 2008, ‘Envisioning the Nation: Women Activist, Religion and the Public Space in Indonesia’, Social Forces 86(4), pp. 1781-1804.
Sha, P., 2005, ‘Shari’ah and Ethno-Religious Conflcits in Nigeria’, Alemika, E. and F. Okoye, eds, Human Rights and Shari’ah Penal Code in Northern Nigeria, Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor, pp. 195-216.
Simbine, A., 2002, ‘Women Participation in the Political Parties of the Fourth Republic: The Case of the People’s Democratic Party’, Jibo, M. and A. Simbine, eds., Contemporary Issues in Nigerian Politics, Ibadan: Jodad, pp. 141-157.
Tiv communities 2002Memorandum Presented on behalf Tiv people of Nasarawa South Senatorial District of Nasarawa State Presidential Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Inter-communal Conflicts in Benue, Nasarawa, Plateau and Taraba States.
Toure-Kaza, T., 2003, Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Kaduna, Kaduna: Human Rights Monitor.
Us an, B., 1987, The Manipulation of Religion in Nigeria, Kaduna: Vanguard Publishers.