7 - Privatization of Water and Sanitation Services in Kenya: Challenges and Prospects
Corresponding Author(s) : Kenneth O. Nyangena
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 33 No 4 (2008): Afrique et développement: Special Issue Public Sector Reforms in Africa
Résumé
Les services du secteur public dans les pays en voie de développement n’ont souvent pas été efficaces dans la fourniture de services fiables en matière d’eau et d’assainissement. À l’échelle mondiale, plus d’un milliard de personnes n’ont pas accès à des sources d’eau améliorées et 2,6 milliards d’individus n’ont pas accès à l’assainissement dans le monde entier. Chaque pays à travers le monde fait de plus en plus appel au secteur privé pour un appui à l’offre de services nécessaire en eau. À cette fin, la privatisation des services d’eau et d’assainissement est considérée comme un moyen rentable de fourniture de services qui améliore aussi la qualité et la performance. Cet article vise à mettre en exergue les connaissances, les attitudes et les pratiques générales en matière de privatisation pour les fournisseurs de services du secteur de l’eau et de l’assainissement, mais aussi les défis actuels dans la gestion de la privatisation des services d’eau et d’assainissement au Kenya et les difficultés confrontées par les consommateurs. Les défis les plus courants sont, entre autres, l’inégalité dans la qualité du service basée sur la capacité paie- ment, les interruptions de services, la faiblesse du régime réglementaire de surveil- lance, et l’absence de responsabilisation par rapport aux besoins des consommateurs locaux. Toutefois, les fournisseurs de services d’eau et d’assainissement conviennent que la privatisation ne peut améliorer l’efficacité des services d’eau et d’assainissement que si un effort de collaboration est adopté dans la gestion de la réforme du secteur public au Kenya. L’étude donne aussi des recommandations en vue de la réalisation de la privatisation des services d’eau et d’assainissement.
Kenneth O. Nyangena, Department of Gender and Development Studies, Egerton University, Kenya. E-mail kenyangena@yahoo.com
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Brocklehurst, C. and Janssens, Jan G., 2004, Innovative Contracts, Sound Relationships: Urban Water Sector Reform in Senegal, Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Board, Discussion Paper No. 1, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, January.
- EU, 2000, Directive 2000/60/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing a Framework of Community Action in the Field of Water Policy, Official Journal of the European Community (L 327): 1–72.
- GWP, 2002a, IWRM – At a Glance:, Stockholm: Global Water Partnership Secretariat, Technical Advisory Committee.
- GWP, (2002b, IWRM Toolbox: A Tool Box to Support IWRM, Stockholm: Global Water Partnership, available online: www.gwpforum.org
- ICFW, 2001a, Conference Outcomes, The Bonn Keys International Conference on Fresh Water, Bonn, 3–7 December, available online: www.water-2001.de ICFW, 2001b, Conference Outcomes: Bonn Recommendations for Action, The
- Bonn Keys International Conference on Fresh Water, Bonn 3–7 December, available online: www.water-2001.de
- Kessler, T., 2003, From Social Contract to Private Contract: The Privatization of Health, Education and Basic Infrastructure, Social Watch Report, available online: www.socwatch.org/uy
- Liu, J., n.d, Human Rights and Gender Inequality in Water Resource Management, New York: Centre for Economic and Social Rights, available online: www.cesr.org
- Mutiso, G. C., 1989, Managing Kenya’s Arid and Semi-arid Areas, in Kirino, A. and Juma, C. (eds), Gaining Ground: Institutional Innovations in Land Use in Kenya, Nairobi: African Centre for Technology Studies.
- Mwanzia, D. and Kariuki, M., 2003, Better Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor: Good practice from Sub-Saharan Africa, European Communities and Water Utility Partnership, PANA/UN-HABITAT, 8, November 2004.
- Obando, Ana Elena, 2003, Women and Water Privatization, November, Women’s Human Rights net, www.whrnet.org/docs/issue-water.html
- Republic of Kenya (ROK), 1999, National Poverty Eradication Plan, 1999–2015, Nairobi: Government Printer.
- Republic of Kenya (ROK), 2002, National Development Plan 2002–2008, Nairobi: Government Printer.
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194.
- United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2002, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICECR) E/ C12/2002/1 [General Commitment No. 15, The Right to Water, 26 November, available online, www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf]
- Wambua, S., 2004, Water Privatisation in Kenya, Global Issue Papers No. 8, Berlin: Heinrich Böll Foundation.
Les références
Brocklehurst, C. and Janssens, Jan G., 2004, Innovative Contracts, Sound Relationships: Urban Water Sector Reform in Senegal, Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Board, Discussion Paper No. 1, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, January.
EU, 2000, Directive 2000/60/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing a Framework of Community Action in the Field of Water Policy, Official Journal of the European Community (L 327): 1–72.
GWP, 2002a, IWRM – At a Glance:, Stockholm: Global Water Partnership Secretariat, Technical Advisory Committee.
GWP, (2002b, IWRM Toolbox: A Tool Box to Support IWRM, Stockholm: Global Water Partnership, available online: www.gwpforum.org
ICFW, 2001a, Conference Outcomes, The Bonn Keys International Conference on Fresh Water, Bonn, 3–7 December, available online: www.water-2001.de ICFW, 2001b, Conference Outcomes: Bonn Recommendations for Action, The
Bonn Keys International Conference on Fresh Water, Bonn 3–7 December, available online: www.water-2001.de
Kessler, T., 2003, From Social Contract to Private Contract: The Privatization of Health, Education and Basic Infrastructure, Social Watch Report, available online: www.socwatch.org/uy
Liu, J., n.d, Human Rights and Gender Inequality in Water Resource Management, New York: Centre for Economic and Social Rights, available online: www.cesr.org
Mutiso, G. C., 1989, Managing Kenya’s Arid and Semi-arid Areas, in Kirino, A. and Juma, C. (eds), Gaining Ground: Institutional Innovations in Land Use in Kenya, Nairobi: African Centre for Technology Studies.
Mwanzia, D. and Kariuki, M., 2003, Better Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor: Good practice from Sub-Saharan Africa, European Communities and Water Utility Partnership, PANA/UN-HABITAT, 8, November 2004.
Obando, Ana Elena, 2003, Women and Water Privatization, November, Women’s Human Rights net, www.whrnet.org/docs/issue-water.html
Republic of Kenya (ROK), 1999, National Poverty Eradication Plan, 1999–2015, Nairobi: Government Printer.
Republic of Kenya (ROK), 2002, National Development Plan 2002–2008, Nairobi: Government Printer.
RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194.
United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2002, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICECR) E/ C12/2002/1 [General Commitment No. 15, The Right to Water, 26 November, available online, www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf]
Wambua, S., 2004, Water Privatisation in Kenya, Global Issue Papers No. 8, Berlin: Heinrich Böll Foundation.