10 - The Political Economy of Terrorism
Corresponding Author(s) : Adekunle Amuwo
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 27 No 1-2 (2002): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Ce texte est une tentative d'explication des causes structurelles qui, tout au long de ces dernières décennies, ont transformé le terrorisme en un instrument plus ou moins viable de changement politique, dans un contexte de mondialisation à double vitesse. Cependant, le terrorisme reste un phénomène qui présente plusieurs facettes et qui est utilisé aussi bien par les gouvernements que par les autres acteurs sociaux, soit systématiquement, soit d'une manière occasionnelle. Mais ces différents acteurs partagent la vision qui opte pour un recours à la force pour résoudre un certain nombre de problèmes et atteindre les objectifs qui y sont liés. Tout en utilisant une méthodologie implicitement propre au matérialisme dialectique le contenu du texte permet une incursion au niveau de l'économie politique internationale bâtie essentiellement sur le schéma occidental. Tant du point de vue des références, des intérêts que des valeurs contradictoires, ce schéma favorable aux américains et à leurs alliés, permet à ces derniers de trôner sur le globe comme ils l'entendent avec leurs comportements de mépris et d'abus de tout genre vis-à-vis du reste du monde. C'est au sein de ce schéma qu'il est reporté des faits relatifs aux violations des règles internationales, le non-respect des traités parrainés par les Nations-Unies, l'application sélective des valeurs et des principes leur sont encore utiles et l'abandon de ceux d'entre eux dont la capacité de nuisance a diminué. La contribution démontre que le recours à la force au détriment de la référence à la loi a eu comme effet de radicaliser les victimes selon le degré d'engagement des principaux concernés. En conclusion, une suggestion en appelle à un travail concerté entre tous les acteurs, essentiellement tournés vers une stratégie écologique globale fondée sur l'amitié, la solidarité et l'éthique. Ce sursaut semble être le seul scénario capable d'humaniser davantage les rapports inter-étatiques, les relations internationales et celles entre les peuples. Si l'intérêt particulier était éclairé, il recommanderait de trouver sa place dans la mobilisation pour l'intérêt général pour la réalisation duquel tous travailleraient en même temps.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Ajami, F., 2000, The New Faith', Foreign Poliry, Summer pp.30-34.
- Amuwo, 'K., 1995, 'A Political Economy of Human Rights Violation in Africa', Annais of the Social Science Council of Nigeria, 7,January-December pp.23-39.
- Amuwo, 'K., 1998, 'Llmits of Political Islam in Nigeria', The Nigerian ]011mai of Politics and Public Poliry, 2, 1-2, December pp.17-27.
- Asman, F., 2001, The War in Afghanistan is a means to an end', Mail and Guardian (Johannesburg) November 30 to December 6, p.31.
- Awvonda, M., 2002, 'ADB battles for funds for Africa', West Afiica, 28 January-3 February, pp.32-33.
- Bengio, O., 2000, 'How does Saddam Hold Oil?', Foreign Affam,July/ August pp.90-103. Biema, V., 2001, 'Why the Bombers Keep Coming', Time, December 17 p.25.
- Economy, Washington, World Bank and Oxford University Press.
- Cox, M., 2002, 'American Power, before and after 11 September: dizzy with success?'. International Affairs, 78, 2, April, pp.261-276.
- Esposito, J.L., 1997, 'Claiming the Center', Harvard International Review, Spring, pp.8ff. Ewewu, I., 2002, 'US Patriot Act and Human Rights', This D'!'J Online (Lagos), 22 March. Gardner, N.R., 2000, 'The One Percent Solution: Shirking the Cost of World Leadership', Foreign Poliry,July/ August pp.2-11.
- Gerges, F.A., 1999, America and Political Islam: Clash of Cultures or Clash of Interests?, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- Ghadbian, N., 2000, 'Political Islam and Violence', New Political Science, 22, 1, March pp.77-88.
- Graff,J., 2002, 'The Quality of Justice', Time,January 28 p.16.
- Haas, R.N., 1995, 'Paradigm Lost', Foreign Affairs,January/February pp.43-58.
- Haas, R.N., 1999, 'What to do with American Primacy?', Foreign Affairs, September/October.
- Hallmayr, F., 2001, 'Review of Daniel A. Bell, East Meets West· Human Rights and Democrary in East Aria, (2000)', in American Political Science Review, 95, 2,June, pp.460-61.
- Hay, W.A., 2001, 'America, the West and the World', Omis, 45, 3, Summer pp.329-332. Huntington, S.P., 1999, 'The Lonely Superpower', Foreign Affairs, March/April pp.35-49. lgnatieff, M., 1995, 'On Civil Society: Why Eastern Europe's Revolutions Could Succeed', Foreign Affairs, March/April pp.128-136.
- Mason, W., 2000, 'The Future of Political Islam in Turkey', World Poliry Journal 17, 2, Summer
- pp.56-66.
- Mazrui, A, 1997, 'lslamic and Western Values', Foreign Affairr,September/October pp.118-132.
- McGeary, J., 2001, 'Radicals On The Rise', Time, December 17 pp.23-26.
- Minton-Beddoes, Z., 1995, 'Why the IMF Needs Reforms', Foreign Affairs, May/June pp.123-133.
- Mohamad, H., 2000, 'US Policy Towards Islamists: A Review of Recent Debates', Third WorldQuarterfy, 21 pp.567-580.
- Nafziger, E.W. and J. Auvinen, 2002, 'Economie Development, Inequality, War and State Violence', World Development, 30,2, February pp.153-163.
- Nye, J., 2002, 'The American National lnterest and global public grn;,ds', International Affairs,7, 2, April, pp.233-244.Osman, K., 2000a, 'Opposition Mounting Against US's Use of "Secret Evidence" Against Muslims', Crescent Intemational,July 16-31, p.4.
- Pillar, P.R., 2001, The Instruments of Counter-Terrorism', US Foreign Policy Agenda: Electronic Journal of the US Department of Stace, 6, 3, November.
- Pipes, D., 1995, The Good Ayatollahs', Review of Olivier Roy, The Failure of Political Islam, translaced by Carol Volk, 1994 in Commentary, June, pp.63-64.
- Pipes, D., 2001, 'War, Not Crimes', National &view, Occober.
- Quandt, W. B., 1995, Review of Augustus R. Norton, Civil Society in the Middle East, (1995) in
- Foreign Ajfairs, September/Occober p.180.
- Rashid, A., 1999, The Taliban: Exporting Extremism', Foreign Ajfairs, Sepcember/ October pp.22-35.
- Ratnesar, R., 2001, The Hune for bin Laden', Time, November 26 p.49.
- Rice, C., 2000, 'Promoting the National lnterest', Foreigp Affairs,January/February pp.45-62. Rose,
- G., 1999, 'lt Could Happen Here: Facing the New Terrorism', Foreign Ajfairs,
- March/April pp.131-137.
- Rugumamu, S. M., 2001, 'Globalization and Africa's Future: Towards Structural Stability,
- Integcacion and Sustainable Development, Harare, African Association of Policical Science',
- Occasional Paper Series, 5,2.
- Soros, G., 2000, The Age of Open Society', Foreign Poliry, Summer, pp.52-53.
- Stern, J., 2000, 'Pakiscan's Jihad Culture', Foreign Ajfairs, November/December pp.115-126.
- Scremlau, J., 2000, 'Ending Africa's Wars', Foreign A.ffeirs,July/ August pp.117-132.
- Sullivan, A., 1999, Review of J.L Esposico (ed.), 'Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or
- Reform', (1997), in Arab Studies Quarterly, Fall, pp.109ff.
- Thalif, D., 2002, 'Terrorism and the Rule of Law', WestA.ftica 28 January-3 February, p.19. Tucker,
- R.W., 1999, 'Alone or with others: The Temptacions of Post-Cold war Power',
- Foreign Affairs, November/December pp.15-20.
- The Economist, 2000, 'Iran, Islam and Democracy', 19 February p.19.
- The Economist, 2002, The dangers ofleaving it to Sharon', February 2, pp.14-15. The Economise,
- , 'George Bush and the Axis of Evil', February 2, p.14.
- The Economise, 2002, 'Globalisation: is it at risk', February 2, p.63.
- The Economist, 2002, 'Yemen and ics Islamises: Could Yemen's calm be threatened?', February 16.
- Van den Berg, 1999, Review of B. Tibi, The Challenge of Fundamentalism', inArab Studies Quarter/y,
- Fall, pp.99ff.
- Wtlkin, P., 2001, Review of Sarah O. Vanderslvis and P. Yerus (eds.) Poverty in World Politics:
- Whose Global Era, (2000), in journal of Modem A.ftican Studies, 39, 1, March, pp.187-8.
- Wright, R., 2000, 'Pax Kapital', Foreign Poliry, Summer p.67-69.
- Zanoyan, V., 1995, 'After the Oil Boom: The Holiday Ends in the Gulf', Foreign Ajfairs,
- November/December pp.2-7.
- Zubaida, S., 2000, 'Trajectories of Political Islam: Egypt, Iran and Turkey', Po/itical Quarter/y
- , 3, August pp.60-78
Les références
Ajami, F., 2000, The New Faith', Foreign Poliry, Summer pp.30-34.
Amuwo, 'K., 1995, 'A Political Economy of Human Rights Violation in Africa', Annais of the Social Science Council of Nigeria, 7,January-December pp.23-39.
Amuwo, 'K., 1998, 'Llmits of Political Islam in Nigeria', The Nigerian ]011mai of Politics and Public Poliry, 2, 1-2, December pp.17-27.
Asman, F., 2001, The War in Afghanistan is a means to an end', Mail and Guardian (Johannesburg) November 30 to December 6, p.31.
Awvonda, M., 2002, 'ADB battles for funds for Africa', West Afiica, 28 January-3 February, pp.32-33.
Bengio, O., 2000, 'How does Saddam Hold Oil?', Foreign Affam,July/ August pp.90-103. Biema, V., 2001, 'Why the Bombers Keep Coming', Time, December 17 p.25.
Economy, Washington, World Bank and Oxford University Press.
Cox, M., 2002, 'American Power, before and after 11 September: dizzy with success?'. International Affairs, 78, 2, April, pp.261-276.
Esposito, J.L., 1997, 'Claiming the Center', Harvard International Review, Spring, pp.8ff. Ewewu, I., 2002, 'US Patriot Act and Human Rights', This D'!'J Online (Lagos), 22 March. Gardner, N.R., 2000, 'The One Percent Solution: Shirking the Cost of World Leadership', Foreign Poliry,July/ August pp.2-11.
Gerges, F.A., 1999, America and Political Islam: Clash of Cultures or Clash of Interests?, New York, Cambridge University Press.
Ghadbian, N., 2000, 'Political Islam and Violence', New Political Science, 22, 1, March pp.77-88.
Graff,J., 2002, 'The Quality of Justice', Time,January 28 p.16.
Haas, R.N., 1995, 'Paradigm Lost', Foreign Affairs,January/February pp.43-58.
Haas, R.N., 1999, 'What to do with American Primacy?', Foreign Affairs, September/October.
Hallmayr, F., 2001, 'Review of Daniel A. Bell, East Meets West· Human Rights and Democrary in East Aria, (2000)', in American Political Science Review, 95, 2,June, pp.460-61.
Hay, W.A., 2001, 'America, the West and the World', Omis, 45, 3, Summer pp.329-332. Huntington, S.P., 1999, 'The Lonely Superpower', Foreign Affairs, March/April pp.35-49. lgnatieff, M., 1995, 'On Civil Society: Why Eastern Europe's Revolutions Could Succeed', Foreign Affairs, March/April pp.128-136.
Mason, W., 2000, 'The Future of Political Islam in Turkey', World Poliry Journal 17, 2, Summer
pp.56-66.
Mazrui, A, 1997, 'lslamic and Western Values', Foreign Affairr,September/October pp.118-132.
McGeary, J., 2001, 'Radicals On The Rise', Time, December 17 pp.23-26.
Minton-Beddoes, Z., 1995, 'Why the IMF Needs Reforms', Foreign Affairs, May/June pp.123-133.
Mohamad, H., 2000, 'US Policy Towards Islamists: A Review of Recent Debates', Third WorldQuarterfy, 21 pp.567-580.
Nafziger, E.W. and J. Auvinen, 2002, 'Economie Development, Inequality, War and State Violence', World Development, 30,2, February pp.153-163.
Nye, J., 2002, 'The American National lnterest and global public grn;,ds', International Affairs,7, 2, April, pp.233-244.Osman, K., 2000a, 'Opposition Mounting Against US's Use of "Secret Evidence" Against Muslims', Crescent Intemational,July 16-31, p.4.
Pillar, P.R., 2001, The Instruments of Counter-Terrorism', US Foreign Policy Agenda: Electronic Journal of the US Department of Stace, 6, 3, November.
Pipes, D., 1995, The Good Ayatollahs', Review of Olivier Roy, The Failure of Political Islam, translaced by Carol Volk, 1994 in Commentary, June, pp.63-64.
Pipes, D., 2001, 'War, Not Crimes', National &view, Occober.
Quandt, W. B., 1995, Review of Augustus R. Norton, Civil Society in the Middle East, (1995) in
Foreign Ajfairs, September/Occober p.180.
Rashid, A., 1999, The Taliban: Exporting Extremism', Foreign Ajfairs, Sepcember/ October pp.22-35.
Ratnesar, R., 2001, The Hune for bin Laden', Time, November 26 p.49.
Rice, C., 2000, 'Promoting the National lnterest', Foreigp Affairs,January/February pp.45-62. Rose,
G., 1999, 'lt Could Happen Here: Facing the New Terrorism', Foreign Ajfairs,
March/April pp.131-137.
Rugumamu, S. M., 2001, 'Globalization and Africa's Future: Towards Structural Stability,
Integcacion and Sustainable Development, Harare, African Association of Policical Science',
Occasional Paper Series, 5,2.
Soros, G., 2000, The Age of Open Society', Foreign Poliry, Summer, pp.52-53.
Stern, J., 2000, 'Pakiscan's Jihad Culture', Foreign Ajfairs, November/December pp.115-126.
Scremlau, J., 2000, 'Ending Africa's Wars', Foreign A.ffeirs,July/ August pp.117-132.
Sullivan, A., 1999, Review of J.L Esposico (ed.), 'Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or
Reform', (1997), in Arab Studies Quarterly, Fall, pp.109ff.
Thalif, D., 2002, 'Terrorism and the Rule of Law', WestA.ftica 28 January-3 February, p.19. Tucker,
R.W., 1999, 'Alone or with others: The Temptacions of Post-Cold war Power',
Foreign Affairs, November/December pp.15-20.
The Economist, 2000, 'Iran, Islam and Democracy', 19 February p.19.
The Economist, 2002, The dangers ofleaving it to Sharon', February 2, pp.14-15. The Economise,
, 'George Bush and the Axis of Evil', February 2, p.14.
The Economise, 2002, 'Globalisation: is it at risk', February 2, p.63.
The Economist, 2002, 'Yemen and ics Islamises: Could Yemen's calm be threatened?', February 16.
Van den Berg, 1999, Review of B. Tibi, The Challenge of Fundamentalism', inArab Studies Quarter/y,
Fall, pp.99ff.
Wtlkin, P., 2001, Review of Sarah O. Vanderslvis and P. Yerus (eds.) Poverty in World Politics:
Whose Global Era, (2000), in journal of Modem A.ftican Studies, 39, 1, March, pp.187-8.
Wright, R., 2000, 'Pax Kapital', Foreign Poliry, Summer p.67-69.
Zanoyan, V., 1995, 'After the Oil Boom: The Holiday Ends in the Gulf', Foreign Ajfairs,
November/December pp.2-7.
Zubaida, S., 2000, 'Trajectories of Political Islam: Egypt, Iran and Turkey', Po/itical Quarter/y
, 3, August pp.60-78