12 - Love, Sex and Gender: Missing in African Child and Youth Studies
Corresponding Author(s) : Deevia Bhana
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 42 No 2 (2017): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur l’Étude des dynamiques identitaires obliques
Résumé
Dans les études africaines sur l’enfance, les idées sur l’amour, le sexe et le genre sont souvent ignorées. Malgré la présence primordiale de l’amour, les enfants et les jeunes sont souvent décrits comme sans amour. L’étude sur la sexualité de l’enfance africaine, ses effets sexospécifiques et ses configurations locales de pouvoir et d’affects demeure un champ d’étude embryonnaire et manquant. Sous l’optique de la violence sexuelle, des maladies et de la vulnérabilité particulière des filles en Afrique, une grande partie de la recherche est restée préoccupée par la question des enfants en tant que victimes et s’oriente vers une sexualité subite. Le présent article cherche à rompre avec la tendance qui ignore l’amour, le sexe et le genre dans les relations intimes des enfants africains. En s’appuyant sur une recherche empirique menée avec des enfants et des jeunes en Afrique du Sud, le présent article démontre comment les garçons et les filles négocient et entretiennent des rapports intimes dans des conditions sociales variées. Ce faisant, il espère aborder cette dimension manquante dans la recherche africaine pour reconfigurer l’amour, le genre et la sexualité en tant que partie essentielle de la vie des jeunes en Afrique. En abordant la question des jeunes Africains en tant qu’acteurs actifs dans la construction de la sexualité et les dimensions affectives des relations qu’ils entretiennent, l’article vise à démontrer que la sexualité de l’enfance est un facteur essentiel pour une description plus exhaustive de l’enfance africaine. Ce faisant, le présent article remet radicalement en question les études sur l’enfance et la jeunesse qui ignorent la sexualité. L’article souligne également qu’il est important d’analyser les jeunes Africains en tant que sujets sexuels capables d’entretenir des relations amoureuses, si nous voulons aller au-delà du fléau de la violence et des inégalités et favoriser des relations équitables entre les sexes chez les enfants.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Barker, R. and Ricardo, C., 2006, ‘Teenage Men and the Construction of Masculinity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS, Conflict and Violence’, in Bannon, M. and Correia, M., eds, The Other Half of Gender, Washington DC: World Bank.
- Bass, L.E., 2004. Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa, Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner. Bell, S.A. and
- Aggleton, P., 2014, ‘Economic Vulnerability and Young People’s Sexual Relationships in Rural Uganda’, Journal of Youth Studies DOI:10.1080/13676261.2013.878797.
- Bhana, D., 2005, ‘Violence and the Gendered Negotiation of Masculinity among Young Black Boys in South Africa’, in Ouzgane, L. and Morrell R., eds, African Masculinities, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bhana, D., 2007, ‘Childhood Sexualities and Rights in HIV Contexts’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 93: 309–24.
- Bhana, D., 2008, ‘“Girls Hit!” Constructing and Negotiating Violent African Femininities in a Working Class Primary School’, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 29 (3): 401–15.
- Bhana, D., 2009, ‘Violence – A Gendered Perspective in Education’, Agenda 82: 2–6. Bhana D., 2012, ‘Girls Are Not Free In and Out of the South African School’,International Journal of Educational Development 32: 352–8.
- Bhana, D., 2013, ‘Kiss and Tell: Boys, Girls and Sexualities in the Early Years’, Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity 27 (3): 57–66.
- Bhana, D. and Anderson, B., 2013, ‘Desire and Constraint in the Construction of South African Teenage Women’s Sexualities’, Sexualities 165 (6): 548–64.
- Bhana, D. and Pattman, R., 2011, ‘Girls Want Money. Boys Want Virgins. The Materiality of Love amongst South African Township Youth in the Context of HIV and AIDS’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 138: 961–72.
- Cole, J. and Thomas, L.M., 2009, Love in Africa, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Delius, P. and Glaser, C., 2002. ‘Sexual Socialization in South Africa: A Historical Perspective’, African Studies 61 (1):27–54.
- Grier, B., 2004, ‘Child Labor and Africanist Scholarship: A Critical Overview’, African Studies Review 472:1–25.
- Groes-Green, C., 2013, ‘“To Put Men in a Bottle”: Eroticism, Kinship, Female Power, and Transactional Sex in Maputo, Mozambique’, American Ethnologist 401: 102–17.
- Harrison, A., 2008, ‘Hidden Love: Sexual Ideologies and Relationship Ideals among Rural South African Adolescents in
- the Context of HIV/AIDS’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 102: 175–89.
- Hunter, M., 2010, Love in the Time of AIDS: Inequality, Gender and Rights in South Africa,
- Pietermaritzburg and Bloomington IN: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press and Indiana University Press.
- Morrell, R. and Jewkes, R., 2011, ‘Carework and Caring: A Path to Gender Equitable Practices among Men in South Africa?’, International Journal for Equity in Health 1017:1–10.
- Muhanguzi, F.K., 2011, ‘Gender and Sexual Vulnerability of Young Women in Africa: Experiences of Young Girls in Secondary Schools in Uganda’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 136: 713–25.
- Smith, D.J., 2010, ‘Promiscuous Girls, Good Wives, and Cheating Husbands: Gender Inequality, Transitions to Marriage, and Infidelity in Southeastern Nigeria’, Anthropological Quarterly 83 (1): 123–52.
- Swidler, A. and Watkins, S., 2007, ‘Ties of Dependence: AIDS and Transactional Sex in Rural Malawi’, Studies in Family Planning 383: 147–62.
- Tamale, S., ed. 2011, African Sexualities: A Reader, Oxford: Pambazuka Press.
Les références
Barker, R. and Ricardo, C., 2006, ‘Teenage Men and the Construction of Masculinity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS, Conflict and Violence’, in Bannon, M. and Correia, M., eds, The Other Half of Gender, Washington DC: World Bank.
Bass, L.E., 2004. Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa, Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner. Bell, S.A. and
Aggleton, P., 2014, ‘Economic Vulnerability and Young People’s Sexual Relationships in Rural Uganda’, Journal of Youth Studies DOI:10.1080/13676261.2013.878797.
Bhana, D., 2005, ‘Violence and the Gendered Negotiation of Masculinity among Young Black Boys in South Africa’, in Ouzgane, L. and Morrell R., eds, African Masculinities, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bhana, D., 2007, ‘Childhood Sexualities and Rights in HIV Contexts’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 93: 309–24.
Bhana, D., 2008, ‘“Girls Hit!” Constructing and Negotiating Violent African Femininities in a Working Class Primary School’, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 29 (3): 401–15.
Bhana, D., 2009, ‘Violence – A Gendered Perspective in Education’, Agenda 82: 2–6. Bhana D., 2012, ‘Girls Are Not Free In and Out of the South African School’,International Journal of Educational Development 32: 352–8.
Bhana, D., 2013, ‘Kiss and Tell: Boys, Girls and Sexualities in the Early Years’, Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity 27 (3): 57–66.
Bhana, D. and Anderson, B., 2013, ‘Desire and Constraint in the Construction of South African Teenage Women’s Sexualities’, Sexualities 165 (6): 548–64.
Bhana, D. and Pattman, R., 2011, ‘Girls Want Money. Boys Want Virgins. The Materiality of Love amongst South African Township Youth in the Context of HIV and AIDS’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 138: 961–72.
Cole, J. and Thomas, L.M., 2009, Love in Africa, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Delius, P. and Glaser, C., 2002. ‘Sexual Socialization in South Africa: A Historical Perspective’, African Studies 61 (1):27–54.
Grier, B., 2004, ‘Child Labor and Africanist Scholarship: A Critical Overview’, African Studies Review 472:1–25.
Groes-Green, C., 2013, ‘“To Put Men in a Bottle”: Eroticism, Kinship, Female Power, and Transactional Sex in Maputo, Mozambique’, American Ethnologist 401: 102–17.
Harrison, A., 2008, ‘Hidden Love: Sexual Ideologies and Relationship Ideals among Rural South African Adolescents in
the Context of HIV/AIDS’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 102: 175–89.
Hunter, M., 2010, Love in the Time of AIDS: Inequality, Gender and Rights in South Africa,
Pietermaritzburg and Bloomington IN: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press and Indiana University Press.
Morrell, R. and Jewkes, R., 2011, ‘Carework and Caring: A Path to Gender Equitable Practices among Men in South Africa?’, International Journal for Equity in Health 1017:1–10.
Muhanguzi, F.K., 2011, ‘Gender and Sexual Vulnerability of Young Women in Africa: Experiences of Young Girls in Secondary Schools in Uganda’, Culture, Health and Sexuality 136: 713–25.
Smith, D.J., 2010, ‘Promiscuous Girls, Good Wives, and Cheating Husbands: Gender Inequality, Transitions to Marriage, and Infidelity in Southeastern Nigeria’, Anthropological Quarterly 83 (1): 123–52.
Swidler, A. and Watkins, S., 2007, ‘Ties of Dependence: AIDS and Transactional Sex in Rural Malawi’, Studies in Family Planning 383: 147–62.
Tamale, S., ed. 2011, African Sexualities: A Reader, Oxford: Pambazuka Press.