Numéro
3 - Between Tunnel Vision and a Sliding Scale: Power, Normativity and Justice in the Praxis of the International Criminal Court
Corresponding Author(s) : Obiora Chinedu Okafor
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 40 No 2 (2015): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur la Cour pénale internationale
Résumé
Cet article examine le déploiement relativement large, libéral et croissant de la Cour pénal international (CPI) en tant que mécanisme central pour réparer les violations graves des droits de l’homme en Afrique. Il fait briller les projecteurs sur la manière dont les matrices de pouvoir mondiaux et domestiques affectent le caractère et le comportement des normes et institutions de la justice internationale, y compris notre sens de ce que l’approche modèle de la justice pénale internationale devrait être en Afrique et ailleurs. Trois arguments étroitement liés sont avancés tel qu’il suit : premièrement, le déploiement de la CPI pour aider à réparer les violations graves aux droits humains sur le continent a ses avantages et ses inconvénients, mais son déploiement pour jouer une central comme il le fait actuellement est très questionnable ; deuxièmement, lorsqu’il s’agit de réparer des violations graves des droits humains qui sont commis sur le continent, comme ailleurs, la CPI n’est pas la seule option viable et disponible – il existe une gamme d’autres options raisonnable dans le répertoire de la loi et de la politique pénale internationale ; et troisièmement, c’est largement à cause de l’interaction des matrices de pouvoir domestiques et globales (et certainement pas à cause de quelques sens de moralité immanente ou de logique) que la justice pénale internationale eu de plus en plus tendance à adopter une forme particulièrement, généralement inflexible, forme de CPI dans sa rencontre avec les violations graves des droits humains en Afrique.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Adjovi, R., 2013, ‘Introductory note on the agreement on the establishment of the Extraordinary African Chamber within the Senegalese judicial system between the Government of the Republic of Senegal and the African Union and Statute of the Chambers’, International Legal Materials 52: 1020–36.
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- Avruch K. and Vejarano B., 2002, ‘Truth and reconciliation commissions: a review essay and annotated bibliography’, Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution 4 (2): 37–76.
- Bashir-Watch, n.d., ‘The case against Bashir’, available at http://bashirwatch.org, 23 June 2014.
- BBC News, 2008, ‘Vow to pursue Sudan over “crimes”’, 27 September, available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7639046.stm.
- BBC News, 2013, ‘Did the ICC help Uhuru Kenyatta win Kenyan election?’, 11 March, available at http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-21739347.
- Black, I., 2014, ‘Russia and China veto UN move to refer Syria to International Criminal Court’, The Guardian, 22 May, available at http://www.theguardian. com/world/2014/may/22/russia-china-veto-un-draft-resolution-refer-syria- international-criminal-court.
- Brierly, J., 1927, ‘Do we need an International Criminal Court?’, Yearbook of International Law 8: 81–8.
- Coalition for the International Criminal Court, ‘A universal court with global support; USA and the ICC, bilateral immunity agreements’, available at http://www. iccnow.org/?mod=bia, accessed 23 June 2014.
- Huffington Post, 2015, ‘Syria death toll’, available at http://www.huffingtonpost. com/news/syria-death-toll/.
- Human Rights Watch, 2014, ‘World report 2014: Zimbabwe’, available at http:// www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/zimbabwe?page=2, accessed 23 June 2014.
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- Jalloh, C., 2010, ‘Special Court for Sierra Leone: achieving justice?’, Michigan Journal of International Law 32: 395–460.
- Keppler, E., 2012, ‘Managing setbacks for the International Criminal Court in Africa’, Journal of African Law 56: 1–14.
- Lough, R., 2011, ‘African Union accuses ICC Prosecutor of bias’, Reuters International, 29 January, available at http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/01/29/idINIndia- 54506920110129.
- Mutua M., 1996, ‘The politics of human rights: beyond the abolitionist paradigm in Africa’, Michigan Journal of International Law 17: 591–613.
- Okafor, O.C., 1997, ‘Is there a legitimacy deficit in international legal scholarship and practice?’, International Insights 13: 101–5.
- Okafor, O.C., 2007a, Legitimizing human rights NGOs: lessons from Nigeria, Trenton (NJ): African World Press.
- Okafor, O.C., 2007b, The African human rights system, activist forces and international institutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Reilly J. and Drury, I., 2014, ‘British soldiers to be investigated by International Criminal Court over claims they committed war crimes in Iraq’, Daily Mail, 13 May, available at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2627228/ BREAKING-NEWS-British-soldiers-investigated-International-Criminal- Court-claims-committed-war-crimes-Iraq.html.
- Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.183/9, (1998) 37 I.L.M. 999.
- Tharoor, S., 2002, ‘The messy afterlife of colonialism’, Global Governance 8: 1–5. Tisdall, S., 2008, ‘Technicians in the workshop of double standards’, The Guardian, 29 July, available at http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jul/29/sudan.warcrimes.
- Tiladi, D., 2009, ‘The African Union and International Criminal Court: the battle for the
- soul of international law’, South African Yearbook of International Law 34: 57–69.
- Uppsala Conflict Data Program, 2013, ‘Armed conflict by region, 1946–2012’, available at http://www.pcr.uu.se/digitalAssets/66/66314_1conflict_region_2012.pdf, accessed 23 June 2014.
- van der Laan, J.M. and Weeks, A., eds, 2013, The Faustian Century: German Literature and Culture in the Age of Luther and Faustus, Rochester, NY: Camden House.
- Wells, M., 2013, ‘Côte d’Ivoire: dispatches – a look at human rights in the News Today All Dispatches’, Genocide Watch, 31 July, http://www.genocidewatch. org/cotedivoire.html.
- Williams, S., 2013, ‘The extraordinary African Chambers in the Senegalese courts: an African solution to an African oroblem?’, Journal of International Criminal Justice 11: 1139–60.
- Yang, L., 2005, ‘On the principle of complementarity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court’, Chinese Journal of International Law 4: 121–32.
Les références
Adjovi, R., 2013, ‘Introductory note on the agreement on the establishment of the Extraordinary African Chamber within the Senegalese judicial system between the Government of the Republic of Senegal and the African Union and Statute of the Chambers’, International Legal Materials 52: 1020–36.
Amnesty International, 2008, ‘Post-election violence increases in Zimbabwe’, 18 April, available at http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/post- election-violence-increases-zimbabwe-20080418, accessed 23 June 2014.
Avruch K. and Vejarano B., 2002, ‘Truth and reconciliation commissions: a review essay and annotated bibliography’, Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution 4 (2): 37–76.
Bashir-Watch, n.d., ‘The case against Bashir’, available at http://bashirwatch.org, 23 June 2014.
BBC News, 2008, ‘Vow to pursue Sudan over “crimes”’, 27 September, available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7639046.stm.
BBC News, 2013, ‘Did the ICC help Uhuru Kenyatta win Kenyan election?’, 11 March, available at http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-21739347.
Black, I., 2014, ‘Russia and China veto UN move to refer Syria to International Criminal Court’, The Guardian, 22 May, available at http://www.theguardian. com/world/2014/may/22/russia-china-veto-un-draft-resolution-refer-syria- international-criminal-court.
Brierly, J., 1927, ‘Do we need an International Criminal Court?’, Yearbook of International Law 8: 81–8.
Coalition for the International Criminal Court, ‘A universal court with global support; USA and the ICC, bilateral immunity agreements’, available at http://www. iccnow.org/?mod=bia, accessed 23 June 2014.
Huffington Post, 2015, ‘Syria death toll’, available at http://www.huffingtonpost. com/news/syria-death-toll/.
Human Rights Watch, 2014, ‘World report 2014: Zimbabwe’, available at http:// www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/zimbabwe?page=2, accessed 23 June 2014.
International Criminal Court, ‘States parties to the Rome Statute’, available at http:// www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/, accessed 23 June 2014.
International Criminal Court, ‘Situations and Cases’, available at http://www.icc-cpi. int/en_menus/icc/situations and cases/Pages/situations and cases.aspx, accessed 3 June 2014.
Jalloh, C., 2010, ‘Special Court for Sierra Leone: achieving justice?’, Michigan Journal of International Law 32: 395–460.
Keppler, E., 2012, ‘Managing setbacks for the International Criminal Court in Africa’, Journal of African Law 56: 1–14.
Lough, R., 2011, ‘African Union accuses ICC Prosecutor of bias’, Reuters International, 29 January, available at http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/01/29/idINIndia- 54506920110129.
Mutua M., 1996, ‘The politics of human rights: beyond the abolitionist paradigm in Africa’, Michigan Journal of International Law 17: 591–613.
Okafor, O.C., 1997, ‘Is there a legitimacy deficit in international legal scholarship and practice?’, International Insights 13: 101–5.
Okafor, O.C., 2007a, Legitimizing human rights NGOs: lessons from Nigeria, Trenton (NJ): African World Press.
Okafor, O.C., 2007b, The African human rights system, activist forces and international institutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reilly J. and Drury, I., 2014, ‘British soldiers to be investigated by International Criminal Court over claims they committed war crimes in Iraq’, Daily Mail, 13 May, available at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2627228/ BREAKING-NEWS-British-soldiers-investigated-International-Criminal- Court-claims-committed-war-crimes-Iraq.html.
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.183/9, (1998) 37 I.L.M. 999.
Tharoor, S., 2002, ‘The messy afterlife of colonialism’, Global Governance 8: 1–5. Tisdall, S., 2008, ‘Technicians in the workshop of double standards’, The Guardian, 29 July, available at http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jul/29/sudan.warcrimes.
Tiladi, D., 2009, ‘The African Union and International Criminal Court: the battle for the
soul of international law’, South African Yearbook of International Law 34: 57–69.
Uppsala Conflict Data Program, 2013, ‘Armed conflict by region, 1946–2012’, available at http://www.pcr.uu.se/digitalAssets/66/66314_1conflict_region_2012.pdf, accessed 23 June 2014.
van der Laan, J.M. and Weeks, A., eds, 2013, The Faustian Century: German Literature and Culture in the Age of Luther and Faustus, Rochester, NY: Camden House.
Wells, M., 2013, ‘Côte d’Ivoire: dispatches – a look at human rights in the News Today All Dispatches’, Genocide Watch, 31 July, http://www.genocidewatch. org/cotedivoire.html.
Williams, S., 2013, ‘The extraordinary African Chambers in the Senegalese courts: an African solution to an African oroblem?’, Journal of International Criminal Justice 11: 1139–60.
Yang, L., 2005, ‘On the principle of complementarity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court’, Chinese Journal of International Law 4: 121–32.