Numéro
4 - Ensuring Peace and Reconciliation while Holding Leaders Accountable: The Politics of ICC Cases in Kenya and Sudan
Corresponding Author(s) : Tim Murithi
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 40 No 2 (2015): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur la Cour pénale internationale
Résumé
La Cour pénale internationale (CPI) a été mise en place en tant qu’institution indépendante permanente pour poursuivre les individus qui ont orchestré et mis en œuvre les crimes les plus sérieux de préoccupation internationale, y compris les crimes contre l’humanité et les crimes de guerre. Cette étude évalue le défi d’assurer la paix et la réconciliation tout en tenant les dirigeants responsable, avec une référence spécifique à la politique de la CPI sur les dossiers au Soudan (Darfour) et au Kenya. En particulier, cet article soutient le point de vue que la question de la poursuite des auteurs présumés est problématique en ce qui concerne les dossiers dans lesquels la CPI est actuellement engagé. L’étude soutient que puisque la CPI est devenu engagé dans la paix, la réconciliation et les processus politique, il a le potentiel de perturber de telles initiatives si ses interventions ne sont pas adéquatement séquences. Elle soutient aussi qu’à la fois le Président Omar al-Bashir du Soudan et ensuite le Président Uhuru Kenyatta du Kenya, ont réussi a politiser les interventions de la CPI dans leur pays. Cet article conclut que ce processus de politisation des interventions de la Cour au Soudan et au Kenya, a finalement conduit la CPI dans un affrontement avec l’Union Africaine (UA), avec le Conseil de Sécurité des Nations-Unies étant un acteur non-réactif, mais impliqué. L’étude conclut aussi que puisque ni le CPI, ni l’UA n’ont réussi à trouver une voie de sortie de l’impasse, il y a besoin de développer certaines stratégies innovantes. Cet article offre en conséquence certaines réflexions sur une marche en avant.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- African Union, 2012, Decisions, Resolutions and Declarations of the Assembly of the Union, Eighteenth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Assembly/Au/Dec.397(XVIII), 29 to 30 January, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- African Union, 2013, Decisions and Declarations of the Assembly of the Union, Extraordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government. Ext/ Assembly/AU/Dec.1-2, 12 October.
- Branch. A., 2011, Displacing Human Rights: War and Intervention in Northern Uganda, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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- De Waal, A., 2008, ‘Darfur, the Court and Khartoum: The politics of state non-
- cooperation’, in Waddell N. and Clark P., eds, Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, London: Royal African Society. Available at http://www. lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/others/ ICC%20in%20Africa.pdf.
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- Allen Lane.
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- Court', International and Comparative Law Quarterly 55.
- International Criminal Court, 2014, Statement of the Prosecutor of the International
- Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, on the Withdrawal of Charges against Mr.
- Uhuru Muigai, Kenyatta, Press Release, 5 December.
- Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN), 2004, Office of the Coordinator
- for Humanitarian Affairs, 25 March available at www.irinnews.org.
- Meernik J., 2005, ‘Justice and peace? How the International Criminal Tribunal
- affects societal peace in Bosnia’, Journal of Peace Research 42 (3): 271–89. Ndegwa, S., 1997, ‘Citizenship and ethnicity: an examination of two transition moments in Kenyan politics’, American Political Science Review, 91(3),
- September.
- Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, 2007, Policy Paper on
- the interests of justice, The Hague: International Criminal Court, September. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2002.
- Sands, P., 2005, Lawless World: The Whistle-blowing Account of how Bush and Blair
- Are Taking the Law into their Own Hands, London: Penguin.
- Schabas, W., 2010, ‘The International Criminal Court’, in Black D. and Williams P., eds, The International Politics of Mass Atrocities: The Case of Darfur, London:
- Routledge.
- Sengupta, S., 2014, ‘Politics seen undercutting credibility of a court’, New York
- Times, 2 June.
- Sriram, C.L., 2009, ‘The ICC Africa experiment: the Central African Republic,
- Darfur, northern Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo’, in Sriram C.L. and Pillay, S., eds, Peace versus Justice? The Dilemma of Transitional Justice in Africa, Scotsville: University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Press.
- United Nations, 2004, Extra-judicial, Summary and Arbitrary Executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms Asma Jahangir – Mission to Sudan, United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sixty First Session, E/CN.4/2005/7/Add.2, 6 August.
- Voice of America, 2013, ‘US officials says that Kenya’s elections have “consequences”’, 7 February, available at www.voanews.com, accessed 15 June 2013.
Les références
African Union, 2009, Peace and Security Council, Statement on the ICC Arrest Warrant against the President of the Republic of Sudan, Omar Al Bashir, PSC/ PR/Comm. (CLXXV), 5 March.
African Union, 2012, Decisions, Resolutions and Declarations of the Assembly of the Union, Eighteenth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Assembly/Au/Dec.397(XVIII), 29 to 30 January, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
African Union, 2013, Decisions and Declarations of the Assembly of the Union, Extraordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government. Ext/ Assembly/AU/Dec.1-2, 12 October.
Branch. A., 2011, Displacing Human Rights: War and Intervention in Northern Uganda, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Branch. A., 2012, ‘Neither liberal nor peaceful? Practices of “global justice” by the ICC’, in Campbell S., Chandler D., and Sabaratnam M., eds, A Liberal Peace? The Problems and Practices of Peacebuilding, London: Zed Books.
Cassese, A., Gaeta, P. and Jones, J., 2002, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, Vol. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
De Waal, A., 2008, ‘Darfur, the Court and Khartoum: The politics of state non-
cooperation’, in Waddell N. and Clark P., eds, Courting Conflict? Justice, Peace and the ICC in Africa, London: Royal African Society. Available at http://www. lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/others/ ICC%20in%20Africa.pdf.
Fanon, F., 1964, Toward the African Revolution, New York: Grove Press.
Ferguson, N., 2004, Colossus: The Rise and Fall of the American Empire, London:
Allen Lane.
Government of Kenya, 2008, Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Post-
Election Violence (CIPEV – The Waki Commission), Nairobi, Kenya. Happold, M., 2006, 'Darfur, the Security Council and the International Criminal
Court', International and Comparative Law Quarterly 55.
International Criminal Court, 2014, Statement of the Prosecutor of the International
Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, on the Withdrawal of Charges against Mr.
Uhuru Muigai, Kenyatta, Press Release, 5 December.
Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN), 2004, Office of the Coordinator
for Humanitarian Affairs, 25 March available at www.irinnews.org.
Meernik J., 2005, ‘Justice and peace? How the International Criminal Tribunal
affects societal peace in Bosnia’, Journal of Peace Research 42 (3): 271–89. Ndegwa, S., 1997, ‘Citizenship and ethnicity: an examination of two transition moments in Kenyan politics’, American Political Science Review, 91(3),
September.
Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, 2007, Policy Paper on
the interests of justice, The Hague: International Criminal Court, September. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2002.
Sands, P., 2005, Lawless World: The Whistle-blowing Account of how Bush and Blair
Are Taking the Law into their Own Hands, London: Penguin.
Schabas, W., 2010, ‘The International Criminal Court’, in Black D. and Williams P., eds, The International Politics of Mass Atrocities: The Case of Darfur, London:
Routledge.
Sengupta, S., 2014, ‘Politics seen undercutting credibility of a court’, New York
Times, 2 June.
Sriram, C.L., 2009, ‘The ICC Africa experiment: the Central African Republic,
Darfur, northern Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo’, in Sriram C.L. and Pillay, S., eds, Peace versus Justice? The Dilemma of Transitional Justice in Africa, Scotsville: University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Press.
United Nations, 2004, Extra-judicial, Summary and Arbitrary Executions: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms Asma Jahangir – Mission to Sudan, United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sixty First Session, E/CN.4/2005/7/Add.2, 6 August.
Voice of America, 2013, ‘US officials says that Kenya’s elections have “consequences”’, 7 February, available at www.voanews.com, accessed 15 June 2013.