4 - Sur le VIH, le sexe et le respect : rencontres de discours local-mondial chez les Datoga de Tanzanie
Corresponding Author(s) : Astrid Blystad
Revue africaine de sociologie,
Vol. 8 No 1 (2004): Revue africaine de sociologie
Résumé
Le sujet de préoccupation dans cet article est la manière dont les messages de lutte contre le SIDA et le VIH construits à l'échelle mondiale sont reçus par les Datoga de Tanzanie. Le texte réfléchira sur la façon dont les messages sur les rapports sexuels sûrs et sains dans les campagnes nationales/mondiales sur le VIH ne sont pas en accord avec les concepts et pratiques Datoga visant à assurer une sexualité et une fertilité appropriées, et les effets troublants d'une telle dissonance. Pour tenter de saisir la dynamique à l'œuvre dans les rencontres entre les messages de prévention du VIH et les concepts et pratiques sexuels locaux, quelques questions centrales foucaldiennes sont posées, telles que comment et pourquoi l'activité sexuelle est constituée comme domaine moral chez les Datoga. La préoccupation substantielle des Datoga concernant la procréation est située au cœur de l'argumentation. La discussion révélera comment la sexualité datoga devient de plus en plus troublée, aggravant et accentuant les incertitudes déjà graves vécues dans la vie quotidienne. L'argument avancé est qu'à moins que la communication sur le VIH/SIDA ne tienne compte des contextes culturels qui façonnent les comportements à risque, de telles campagnes tomberont dans l'oreille d'un sourd et pourraient causer plus de souffrances que moins.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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Les références
Beidelman, T. O. 1997. TheCoolKnife: /mage,yofGender, Sexuality, and Moral Education in Kaguru Initiation Ritual, Washington, Series in Ethnographie Inquiry, Smithsonian Institution Press. Blystad, A. 1995.
Peril or Penalty: AIDS in the Context of Social Change among the Barabaig', inK.-I. Klepp, P.M. Biswalo and A. Talle, (eds.), Young Peopleat Risk: Fighting AIDS in Northern Tanzania, Oslo, Scandinavian University Press, pp.86-106.Blystad, A. 1999. "'Dealing with Men' s Spears": Datoga Pastoralists Combating Male Intrusion on Female Fertility', in H. L. Moore, T. Sanders and B. Kaare, (eds.), Those Who Play with Pire: Gende, Fertility and Tram formation in East and Southern Africa, London, The Athlone Press, pp. 187-223.
Blystad, A. 2000. 'Precarious Procreation: Datoga Pastoralists at the Late 20th Century', Dr. Polit. Thesis, University of Bergen, Norway.
Blystad, A. andRekdal, O. B. (eds.) 2004. 'Datoga',Encydopedia Of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures, voL 2, 2 vols, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Broch-Due, V. 1990.
'Cattle Are Companions, Goats Are Gifts: Animais and People in Turkana Thought', in G. Paisson, ( ed.), From Water to Worldmaking, Uppsala, The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. Broch-Due, V. 1999. '
Creation and the Multiple Female Body: Turkana Perspectives on Gender and Cosmos', in H. L. Moore, T. Sanders and B. Kaare, (eds.), Tnose Who Play with Fire: Gender, Fertility and Transformation in East and Southern 1Africa, London, The Athlone Press, pp. 153-84. Burton, J. W. 1991.
'Representations of the Feminine in Nilotic Cosmologies', in A. f Jacobson-Widding, ( ed.), Body and Space: Symbolic Models c> Unity and Division in African Cosmology and Erperience, Stockholm, Almqvist and Wiksell lntemational, pp. 81-98.
Carey, J. W., Picone-DeCaro, Neumann, M. S., Schwartz, O., Easton, D. and St. John, D. C. 2004. 'HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention: Anthropological Contributions and Future Directions', in C.
R. Ember and M. Ember, ( eds.), Encyclopedia ofMedical Anthropology: Health and lllness in the Wor{d's Cultures, vol. l, pp.
-479, New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Devisch, R. 1991. 'Symbol and Symptom among the Yaka of Zaire', in A. Jacob son-Widding, (ed.), Body and Space:symbolic Models of Unity and Division in African Cosmology and Experience, Stockholm, Almqvist and Wikse!I International, pp. 283-302.
Devisch, R. 1993. Weaving the Threads qf Ltfe: The Khita Gyn-Eco-logical Healing Cult among the Yaka, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.
Dushay, R. A., Singer, M., Weeks, M. R., Rohena, L. and Gruber, R. 2001. 'Lowering HIV Risk among Ethnie Minority Drug Users: Comparing Culturally Targeted Intervention to a Standard Intervention', American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 501-524.
Foucault, M. 2001. Sek,;;ualitetens Historie 2: Bruken av Nytelsene, Oslo, Exil. (Original title: L'usage des Plaisirs. L'histoire de la Sexualité. Tome ll).
Heald, S. 1995. 'The Power of Sex: Sorne Reflections on the Caldwells' "African Sexuality" Thesis', Africa, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 489-505. Herbert, E. W. 1993.
lron, Gender and Power: Rituals qfTransformation in African Societies, African Systems ofThought, Bloomington, Indiana University Press. Hinderaker, S. G., Kruger, C., Olsen,B. E., Naman, N., Bergsjo, P. and Osen, O.H. E. 2001. 'Low HIV-Seroprevalence in Pregnant W omen in a Rural Area in Tanzania', Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, vol. 80, no. 12, pp. 1152-3.
Jacobson-Widding, A., and van Beek, W. (eds.) 1990a, The Creative Communion: African Folk Models of Fertility and the Regeneration of Life, Uppsala, Almqvist and Wiksell International.
Jacobson-Widding, A., and van Beek, W. 1990b. 'Introduction: Chaos, Ortler and Communion in the Creation and Sustenance of Lîfe', in A.
Jacobson-Widding and W. van Beek, (eds.), The Creative Communion: African FolkModels of Fertility and the Regeneration of Lifè, Uppsala, Almqvist and Wiksell International, pp. 15-43. Kisanga Commission. 1993. '
Report of the Commission on Violations of Human Rights in NAFCO Wheat Farms Hanang District', Mimeo (Govemment Commission), Dar es Salaam. Kowalewski, M. R., Henson, K. D. and Longshore, D. 1997. '
Rethinking Perceived Risk and Health Behaviour: A Critical Review of HIV Prevention Research', Health Eâucation and Behaviour, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 313-25.
Kratz, C.A. 1994. Ajfecting Performance: Meaning, Movement, and Experience in Okiek Women 's Initiation, Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press.
Lane, C. R. 199 l. 'Wheat at What Cost? CIDA and the Tanzania-Canada Wheat Program', in .. Swift and B. Tomlinson, (eds.), Coriflicts oflnterest: Canada and the Third World, Toronto, Between the Lines, pp. 133-60.
Swift and B. Tomlinson. 1996. Pastures Lost: Barabaig Economy, Resource Tenure, and the Alienation of Their Land in Tanzania, ACTS Drylands Research Series, No. 7, Nairobi, Initiatives Publishers.
Moore, H. 1999. 'Introduction: Gender, Symbolism and Praxis: Theoretical Approaches', in Il Moore, T. Sanders and B. Kaare, (eds.), Those Who Play with Fire: Gender, Fertility and Transformation in East and Southern Africa, London, Athlone Press, pp. 3-37.Nations, M. K. and de Souza, M. A. 1997. 'Umbanda Healers as Effective AIDS Educators: Case Control Study in Brazilian Urban Slums', Tropical Doctor, vol. 27, no. suppl. 1, pp. 60-6. Parker, R. 2001. 'Sexuality, Culture, and Power in HIV/AIDS Research', Annual Discourses on Fortune, Failure, and the Future', in D. M. Anderson and V. Broch-Due, (eds.), 'The Poor Are Not Us': Poverty and Pastoralism in Eastern Africa, Oxford, James Currey, pp. 125-46.
Review of Anthropology, vol. 30, pp. 163-79. Sanders, T. 1998. 'Making Children, Making Chiefs: Gender, Power and Ritual Legitimacy', Africa, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 238-62.
Schaaning, E. 1997. Vitenskap som skapt viten: Foucault og historisk praksis, Oslo,Spartacus Forlag AS. Sieff, D. F. 1995. 'The Effects ofResource A vailability on the Subsistence Strategies of Datoga Pastoralists of North West Tanzania', Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oxford. Sumartojo, E. 2000. 'Structural Factors in HIV Prevention: Concepts, Examples, and
Implications for Research',AIDS, vo. 14, no. 1, pp. 3, 10.
Rekdal, O. B. andBlystad, A. 1999.' "We Areas Sheepand Goats": Iraqw andDatooga