2 - Globalisation and Internationalisation of Higher Education in South Africa: The Challenge of Rising Xenophobia*
Journal of Higher Education in Africa,
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2006): Journal of Higher Education in Africa
Abstract
The internationalisation of university education globally has coincided with the opening up of post-apartheid South Africa to the world market, and the number of foreign students (along with other visitors to South Africa) has shot up very rapidly since 1994. As a member of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), South Africa has an agreement (the Education Protocol) with its partners to cooper- ate in the area of education and training. In the absence of a similar spirit of coop- eration allowing for the free movement of citizens of the SADC region, however, the wishes expressed in the Education Protocol cannot be fully realised, and many African students studying in South Africa still have to navigate long and difficult bureaucratic channels to obtain student visas and study permits. In addition, they face an increasingly hostile and xenophobic public on and off campus. Their expe- rience will not provide them with fond memories of their student days in South Africa. This paper advocates greater freedom of movement for migrant students as a means of social upliftment and greater pan-African cooperation.
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- Appadurai, A., 1995, Modernity at Large, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Bauman, Z., 1998, Globalisation: The Human Consequences, New York: Univer- sity of Columbia Press.
- Chachage, C., 2006, ‘The University as a Site of Knowledge: The Role of Basic Research’, Journal of Higher Education in Africa, Vol 4, No. 2, pp. 47-67.
- Commission on Human Security, 2003, Human Security Now, New York: Commis- sion on Human Security.
- Council on Higher Education, 2000, Towards a New Higher Education Landscape: Meeting The Equity, Quality and Social Development Imperatives of South Af- rica in the 21st Century. Pretoria: Council on Higher Education and the Higher Education Quality Committee.
- Fornas, J., 1995, Cultural Theory and Late Modernity, London: Sage.
- Global Commission on International Migration, 2005, Migration in an Intercon- nected World: New Directions for Action, New York: Global Commission on International Migration.
- Killam D and Rowe R., 2003, ‘Legson Kayira’. (http://people.africadatabase.org/en/profile/3910 .html). 20 August 2004.
- Meny-Gibert, S., 1999, Black Women Post-Graduates and the Academy: Narra- tives of Challenge and Opportunity, unpublished honours thesis, University of Cape Town.
- Mi lennium Project, 2005, Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals, New York: UNDP.
- Nyamnjoh, F.B., 2006, Insiders and Outsiders: Citizenship and Xenophobia in Contemporary South Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA/ Zed Books.
- Oucho, J.O., 2006, ‘Cross-border Migration and Regional Initiatives in Managing Migration in Southern Africa’ In P. Kok, D. Gelderblom, J. O. Oucho, and J. van Zyl, eds., Migration in South and Southern Africa: Dynamics and Determi- nants, Cape Town: Human Sciences Research Council Press.
- Outhwaite, W., 1995 Reflexive Xenophobia, Cologne: European Society for the Study of English. SADC, 1997, Protocol on Education and Training. (http://www.worldbank.org/afr/teia/pdfs/SADC _ protocol.pdf). 11 August 2006.
- Shweder, R. A., 2001, ‘Moral Maps, “First World” Conceits and the New Evange- lists’, in L. E.
- Harrison and S. P. Huntington, eds. Culture Matters, New York: Basic Books.Statistics South Africa, 2003, Documented Migration 2003. (http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P0351/P0351March 2006.pdf). 18 August 2006.
References
Appadurai, A., 1995, Modernity at Large, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Bauman, Z., 1998, Globalisation: The Human Consequences, New York: Univer- sity of Columbia Press.
Chachage, C., 2006, ‘The University as a Site of Knowledge: The Role of Basic Research’, Journal of Higher Education in Africa, Vol 4, No. 2, pp. 47-67.
Commission on Human Security, 2003, Human Security Now, New York: Commis- sion on Human Security.
Council on Higher Education, 2000, Towards a New Higher Education Landscape: Meeting The Equity, Quality and Social Development Imperatives of South Af- rica in the 21st Century. Pretoria: Council on Higher Education and the Higher Education Quality Committee.
Fornas, J., 1995, Cultural Theory and Late Modernity, London: Sage.
Global Commission on International Migration, 2005, Migration in an Intercon- nected World: New Directions for Action, New York: Global Commission on International Migration.
Killam D and Rowe R., 2003, ‘Legson Kayira’. (http://people.africadatabase.org/en/profile/3910 .html). 20 August 2004.
Meny-Gibert, S., 1999, Black Women Post-Graduates and the Academy: Narra- tives of Challenge and Opportunity, unpublished honours thesis, University of Cape Town.
Mi lennium Project, 2005, Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals, New York: UNDP.
Nyamnjoh, F.B., 2006, Insiders and Outsiders: Citizenship and Xenophobia in Contemporary South Africa, Dakar: CODESRIA/ Zed Books.
Oucho, J.O., 2006, ‘Cross-border Migration and Regional Initiatives in Managing Migration in Southern Africa’ In P. Kok, D. Gelderblom, J. O. Oucho, and J. van Zyl, eds., Migration in South and Southern Africa: Dynamics and Determi- nants, Cape Town: Human Sciences Research Council Press.
Outhwaite, W., 1995 Reflexive Xenophobia, Cologne: European Society for the Study of English. SADC, 1997, Protocol on Education and Training. (http://www.worldbank.org/afr/teia/pdfs/SADC _ protocol.pdf). 11 August 2006.
Shweder, R. A., 2001, ‘Moral Maps, “First World” Conceits and the New Evange- lists’, in L. E.
Harrison and S. P. Huntington, eds. Culture Matters, New York: Basic Books.Statistics South Africa, 2003, Documented Migration 2003. (http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P0351/P0351March 2006.pdf). 18 August 2006.