4 - Excellence, Relevance and the University: The “Missing Middle” in Socio-Economic Engagement
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 4 No 3 (2006): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
L’économie politique de l’enseignement supérieur est marqué par une mondialisation et une régionalisation croissantes des activités. Dans ce contexte, un accent particulier est donné au rôle des universités comme moteurs de croissance économique et de développement économique et social national. Toutefois, la nature décontextualisée des pressions néolibérales mondiales créent de nouvelles préoccupations pour les universités et un lien manquant entre les contextes de production et d’utilisation des savoirs. Cet article explore ces questions dans un contexte comparatif, tirant des travaux empiriques effectués sur les politiques scientifiques régionales en Europe et considérant les implications pour les universités africaines dans leur effort pour jouer une gamme diverse de rôles scientifiques et civiques. Il est structuré en trois sections. D’abord il examine les pressions mondiales qui conduisent à un réexamen et à un redimensionnement de la science. Ensuite, il analyse les discours changeants autour de l’excellence, la pertinence et le contexte pour identifier une convergence dans les modèles de politiques scientifiques nationales. Finalement, il examine les implications pour l’ordre universitaire mondial, y compris les questions de stratifi- cation et de diversification et de la tension entre les attentes de l’enseignement supérieur et de ses capacités de satisfaction de ces attentes. C’est ce lien manquant qui doit être étudié si les objectifs et la capacité doivent être associés de manière plus réaliste pour plus d’efficacité.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- Bauman, Z., 1989, Legislators and Interpreters: On Modernity, Post-Modernity and Intellectuals, Cambridge: Polity.
- Bauman, Z., 1997, Postmodernity and its Discontents, Cambridge: Polity. Baumard, P., 1999, Tacit Knowledge in Organisations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Beck, U. and Beck-Gernsheim, E., 2002, Individualisation: Institutionalised Individualism and its Social and Political Consequences, London: Sage.
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- Brenner, N., 2004, New State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Castells, M. and Hall, P., 1994, Technopoles of the World, London: Rout edge.
- Castells, M., 1996, The Rise of the Network Society, Oxford: Blackwell.
- Charles D., Perry, B. and Benneworth, P., 2004, Towards a Multi-Level Science Policy: Regional Science Policy in a European Context, Regional Studies As- sociation.
- Charles, D. and Benneworth, P., 2001, ‘Are We Realising Our Potential? Joining Up Science and Technology Policy in the English Regions’, Regional Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, p. 76.
- Charles, D.R., 2006, ‘Multi-Level University Systems Models’, in B. Perry, ed., Building Science Regions and Cities. Regions Newsletter, Vol. 263, pp. 7-8.
- Clark, B., 1998, Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organisational Pathways of Transformation, New York: Pergamon.
- Communiqué of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, 2003, Realising the European Higher Education Area, 19 September, Berlin de la Mothe, J., ed., 2001, Science, Technology and Governance, London and New York: Continuum.
- Delanty, G., 2001, Challenging Knowledge. The University in the Knowledge Soci- ety. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Dresner, S., 2001,The Dynamics of European Science and Technology Policies. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Drucker, P., 1998, From Capitalism to Knowledge Society: The Knowledge Economy. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Florida, R., 2002, The Rise of the Creative Class and How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life, New York: Basic Books.
- Fuller, S., 2000, The Governance of Science, Buckingham: Open University Press. Gibbons, M., 2001, ‘Governance and the New Production of Knowledge’, in J. de la Mothe, ed., Science, Technology and Governance, London and New York: Continuum.
- Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzmann, S., Scott, P. and Trow, M., 1994, The New Production of Knowledge, London: Sage, pp. 33-49.
- Gieryn, T., 1999, Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line, Chi- cago: University of Chicago Press.
- Harding, S., 2006, Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Is- sues, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
- Harloe, M., and Perry, B., 2004, ‘Universities, Localities and Regional Develop- ment: The Emergence of the Mode 2 University?’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol.28, No.1, pp. 212-223.
- Hellstrom, T. and Jacob, M., 2000, ‘The Scientification of Politics or the Politicisation of Science? Traditionalist Science-policy Discourse and its Quarrels with Mode 2 Epistemology’, Social Epistemology, Vol. 14, No.1.
- Jasanoff, S., 1997, Comparative Science and Technology Policy, Cheltenham: Elgar. Jeffrey, C., 2000, ‘Sub-National Mobilisation and European Integration: Does it Make any Difference?’, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, No.1, pp.1-23.
- Jessop, B, 2002, The Future of the Capitalist State in its Place, Cambridge: Polity.
- Juma, C., 2005, We Need to Reinvent the African University, Science and Develop- ment Network.
- Knorr Cetina, K., 1999, Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge, Harvard: Harvard University Press.
- Le Galès, P., 2002, European Cities: Social Conflict and Governance, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Luque, E., 2001, ‘Whose Knowledge Economy?. Social Epistemology, Vol. 15, No.3, pp. 187-200.
- Lyotard, J. F., 1984, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Man- chester: Manchester University Press.
- Marks, G.,1993, ‘Structural Policy and Multi-level Governance in the EC’, in The State of the European Community: Vol. 2 The Maastricht Debates and Beyond, Harlow: Lynne Rienner, pp. 391 410.
- May, T., 2001, ‘Power, Knowledge and Organisational Transformation: Adminis- tration as Depoliticisation’, Social Epistemology, Vol 15, No. 3, pp. 171-186.
- May, T., 2005, ‘Transformations in Academic Production: Context, Content and Consequences’, European Journal of Social Theory, Vol 8, No.2, pp.193-209. May, T., 2006, ‘The Missing Middle in Methodology: Occupation Cultures and Institutional Conditions’, Methodological Innovations Online, Vol. 1, No. 1. (http://ww.methodologicalinnovations.org). 15 August 2006.
- May, T. and Perry, B., eds., 2006a, ‘Universities in the Knowledge Economy: Places of Expectation / Spaces for Reflection?’, Social Epistemology, Vol 20, No. 3-4. May, T., and Perry, B., 2006b, ‘Cities, Knowledge and Universities, Transforma- tions in the Image of the Intangible’, Social Epistemology, Vol 20, No. 3-4, pp. 259-282.
- Mustar, P. and Laredo, P., 2002, ‘Innovation and Research Policy in France 1980- 2000 or the Disappearance of the Colbertist State’, Research Policy, Vol 31, pp. 55-72.
- Nightingale, P. and Martin, P., 2004, ‘The Myth of the Biotech Revolution’, Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 22, No. 11.
- Nowotny, H., Gibbons, M. and Scott, P., 2001, Rethinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in Age of Uncertainty, Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Ohmae, K., 1995, The End of the Nation State, New York: Free Press.
- Pels, D., 2003, Unhastening Science, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. Perry, B., 2006, ‘Science, Society and the University’, Social Epistemology, Vol 20, No. 3-4, pp. 201-219.
- Perry, B., and May, T., 2006, ‘Regional and Local Science Policies: Towards Bal- anced Excellence and Growth’, in B. Perry, ed., Building Science Regions and Cities. Regions Newsletter, Vol. 263, pp 10-11.
- Polanyi, M., 1966, The Tacit Dimension, Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
- Power, M., 1999, The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.
- Readings, B., 1996, The University in Ruins. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
- Sanz-Menendez, L. and Cruz-Castro, L., 2005, ‘Explaining the Science and Tech- nology Policies of Regional Governments’, Regional Studies, Vol. 39, No.7.
- Scarborough, H., 2001, ‘Knowledge a la Mode: The Rise of Knowledge Manage- ment and Its Implications for Views of Knowledge Production’, Social Epistemology,Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 201-213.
- Senker, J., Balázs, K., Higgins, T., Laredo, P., Munoz, E., Santesmases, M., Espinosa de las Monteros, J., Reale, E., di Marchi, M., Scarda, A., Sandstrom, U., Schimank, U., Winnes, M., Skoie, H. and Thorsteinsdottir, H.,1999, European Comparison of Public Research Systems, TSER Project No. SOE1 – CT96 – 1036.
- Sharp, M., 1998, ‘Competitiveness and Cohesion - Are the Two Compatible?’, Re- search Policy,Vol. 27.
- Simmie, J., Sennett, J., Wood, P. and Hart, D., 2002, ‘Innovation in Europe: A Tale of Networks, Knowledge and Trade in Five Cities’, Regional Studies, Vol.36,
Les références
Bache, I. and Flinders, M., 2004, Multi-Level Governance and British Politics, Multi-Level Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bauman, Z., 1989, Legislators and Interpreters: On Modernity, Post-Modernity and Intellectuals, Cambridge: Polity.
Bauman, Z., 1997, Postmodernity and its Discontents, Cambridge: Polity. Baumard, P., 1999, Tacit Knowledge in Organisations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Beck, U. and Beck-Gernsheim, E., 2002, Individualisation: Institutionalised Individualism and its Social and Political Consequences, London: Sage.
Borras-Alomar, S., Christiansen, T. and Rodriguez-Pose, A., 1994, ‘Towards a “Eu- rope of the Regions”?: Visions and Reality from a Critical Perspective’, Re- gional Policy and Politics, Vol. 4, No. 2.
Brenner, N., 2004, New State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. and Hall, P., 1994, Technopoles of the World, London: Rout edge.
Castells, M., 1996, The Rise of the Network Society, Oxford: Blackwell.
Charles D., Perry, B. and Benneworth, P., 2004, Towards a Multi-Level Science Policy: Regional Science Policy in a European Context, Regional Studies As- sociation.
Charles, D. and Benneworth, P., 2001, ‘Are We Realising Our Potential? Joining Up Science and Technology Policy in the English Regions’, Regional Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, p. 76.
Charles, D.R., 2006, ‘Multi-Level University Systems Models’, in B. Perry, ed., Building Science Regions and Cities. Regions Newsletter, Vol. 263, pp. 7-8.
Clark, B., 1998, Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organisational Pathways of Transformation, New York: Pergamon.
Communiqué of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, 2003, Realising the European Higher Education Area, 19 September, Berlin de la Mothe, J., ed., 2001, Science, Technology and Governance, London and New York: Continuum.
Delanty, G., 2001, Challenging Knowledge. The University in the Knowledge Soci- ety. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dresner, S., 2001,The Dynamics of European Science and Technology Policies. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Drucker, P., 1998, From Capitalism to Knowledge Society: The Knowledge Economy. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Florida, R., 2002, The Rise of the Creative Class and How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life, New York: Basic Books.
Fuller, S., 2000, The Governance of Science, Buckingham: Open University Press. Gibbons, M., 2001, ‘Governance and the New Production of Knowledge’, in J. de la Mothe, ed., Science, Technology and Governance, London and New York: Continuum.
Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzmann, S., Scott, P. and Trow, M., 1994, The New Production of Knowledge, London: Sage, pp. 33-49.
Gieryn, T., 1999, Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line, Chi- cago: University of Chicago Press.
Harding, S., 2006, Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Is- sues, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Harloe, M., and Perry, B., 2004, ‘Universities, Localities and Regional Develop- ment: The Emergence of the Mode 2 University?’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol.28, No.1, pp. 212-223.
Hellstrom, T. and Jacob, M., 2000, ‘The Scientification of Politics or the Politicisation of Science? Traditionalist Science-policy Discourse and its Quarrels with Mode 2 Epistemology’, Social Epistemology, Vol. 14, No.1.
Jasanoff, S., 1997, Comparative Science and Technology Policy, Cheltenham: Elgar. Jeffrey, C., 2000, ‘Sub-National Mobilisation and European Integration: Does it Make any Difference?’, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, No.1, pp.1-23.
Jessop, B, 2002, The Future of the Capitalist State in its Place, Cambridge: Polity.
Juma, C., 2005, We Need to Reinvent the African University, Science and Develop- ment Network.
Knorr Cetina, K., 1999, Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge, Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Le Galès, P., 2002, European Cities: Social Conflict and Governance, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Luque, E., 2001, ‘Whose Knowledge Economy?. Social Epistemology, Vol. 15, No.3, pp. 187-200.
Lyotard, J. F., 1984, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Man- chester: Manchester University Press.
Marks, G.,1993, ‘Structural Policy and Multi-level Governance in the EC’, in The State of the European Community: Vol. 2 The Maastricht Debates and Beyond, Harlow: Lynne Rienner, pp. 391 410.
May, T., 2001, ‘Power, Knowledge and Organisational Transformation: Adminis- tration as Depoliticisation’, Social Epistemology, Vol 15, No. 3, pp. 171-186.
May, T., 2005, ‘Transformations in Academic Production: Context, Content and Consequences’, European Journal of Social Theory, Vol 8, No.2, pp.193-209. May, T., 2006, ‘The Missing Middle in Methodology: Occupation Cultures and Institutional Conditions’, Methodological Innovations Online, Vol. 1, No. 1. (http://ww.methodologicalinnovations.org). 15 August 2006.
May, T. and Perry, B., eds., 2006a, ‘Universities in the Knowledge Economy: Places of Expectation / Spaces for Reflection?’, Social Epistemology, Vol 20, No. 3-4. May, T., and Perry, B., 2006b, ‘Cities, Knowledge and Universities, Transforma- tions in the Image of the Intangible’, Social Epistemology, Vol 20, No. 3-4, pp. 259-282.
Mustar, P. and Laredo, P., 2002, ‘Innovation and Research Policy in France 1980- 2000 or the Disappearance of the Colbertist State’, Research Policy, Vol 31, pp. 55-72.
Nightingale, P. and Martin, P., 2004, ‘The Myth of the Biotech Revolution’, Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 22, No. 11.
Nowotny, H., Gibbons, M. and Scott, P., 2001, Rethinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in Age of Uncertainty, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Ohmae, K., 1995, The End of the Nation State, New York: Free Press.
Pels, D., 2003, Unhastening Science, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. Perry, B., 2006, ‘Science, Society and the University’, Social Epistemology, Vol 20, No. 3-4, pp. 201-219.
Perry, B., and May, T., 2006, ‘Regional and Local Science Policies: Towards Bal- anced Excellence and Growth’, in B. Perry, ed., Building Science Regions and Cities. Regions Newsletter, Vol. 263, pp 10-11.
Polanyi, M., 1966, The Tacit Dimension, Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
Power, M., 1999, The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.
Readings, B., 1996, The University in Ruins. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Sanz-Menendez, L. and Cruz-Castro, L., 2005, ‘Explaining the Science and Tech- nology Policies of Regional Governments’, Regional Studies, Vol. 39, No.7.
Scarborough, H., 2001, ‘Knowledge a la Mode: The Rise of Knowledge Manage- ment and Its Implications for Views of Knowledge Production’, Social Epistemology,Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 201-213.
Senker, J., Balázs, K., Higgins, T., Laredo, P., Munoz, E., Santesmases, M., Espinosa de las Monteros, J., Reale, E., di Marchi, M., Scarda, A., Sandstrom, U., Schimank, U., Winnes, M., Skoie, H. and Thorsteinsdottir, H.,1999, European Comparison of Public Research Systems, TSER Project No. SOE1 – CT96 – 1036.
Sharp, M., 1998, ‘Competitiveness and Cohesion - Are the Two Compatible?’, Re- search Policy,Vol. 27.
Simmie, J., Sennett, J., Wood, P. and Hart, D., 2002, ‘Innovation in Europe: A Tale of Networks, Knowledge and Trade in Five Cities’, Regional Studies, Vol.36,