Foregrounding ‘Fallism’ and its Praxis Within the Context of Decolonial and Critical Theory
Corresponding Author(s) : Wandile Goozen Kasibe
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 23 No 1 (2025): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique : Numéro spécial sur Décoloniser la production des savoirs dans les sciences humaines, les sciences sociales et les arts
Résumé
Cet article situe le mouvement #RhodesMustFall dans son contexte approprié en tant que moment charnière ayant accentué les contradictions sociétales autour des relations de pouvoir. Il analyse ce qui a été désigné sous le terme de « fallisme » dans sa tradition politique, en le présentant comme une réponse décoloniale aux continuités coloniales et aux matrices durables de pouvoir qui maintiennent les asymétries structurelles à la base de l’ordre sociopolitique actuel. Dans cette optique, l’article plaide pour le démantèlement (« chute ») de ces systèmes oppressifs afin de permettre l’émergence d’un nouvel ordre politique fondé sur des valeurs égalitaires. Dans son argumentation globale, il explore les complexités des relations raciales et ce que signifie être Noir en Afrique du Sud aujourd’hui. Il s’appuie sur des penseurs tels que Frantz Omar Fanon, Jean-Paul Sartre, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels et d’autres chercheurs afin de mettre en avant l’idée que l’appel à la liberté des peuples opprimés ne peut être compris sans la nécessité de démanteler les structures oppressives et d’exiger leur chute. C’est lorsque les opprimés trouvent le courage de revendiquer fermement la chute de ces structures que l’inévitabilité de la liberté devient une réalité envisageable. Dans cet horizon de possibilités, l’article présente le « fallisme » comme une relance du projet décolonial, en posant les bases permettant aux opprimés d’exiger la chute des systèmes oppressifs, tant au sein de l’université qu’au-delà. Ce faisant, il soutient que cette logique « falliste » constitue un élément central de la contribution intellectuelle du mouvement #RhodesMustFall au monde académique.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- Nakayama K.T., and Martin, N.J., 1999, Whiteness: The Communication of Social,
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Les références
"Ahmed, A.K., 2019, ‘The rise of Fallism: #RhodesMustFall and the movement to decolonise the university’ (Unpublished thesis, University of Cape Town).
Anunobi, F., 2002, ‘Women and development in Africa: From marginalization to gender inequality’, African Social Science Review, 2(2).
Baraka, A., 2017, ‘Malcolm X and human rights in the time of Trumpism: Transcending the masters tools’, Blog, 22 February. Available at: https://www. ajamubaraka.com/blog/2017/2/22/malcolm-x-and-human-rights-in-the-time-of-trumpism-transcending-the-masters-tools (Accessed 8 September 2018)."
"Barker, A.J., and Lowman, E.B., 2015, Settler: Identity and Colonialism in 21stCentury Canada, Halifax: Fernwood Publishing.
Barker, A., and Lowman, E.B., 2015, ‘Settler colonialism’, Global Social Theory. Available at: https://globalsocialtheory.org/concepts/settler-colonialism/ (Accessed 4 September 2018).
British Library, Marx reader at the British Library. Available at: (Accessed 13 October 2018).
Bronner, E. S., 1994, Critical Theory and its Theorists, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Burgin V., 1996, In/Different Spaces: Place and Memory in Visual Culture, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, in N. Puwar, 2004, Space Invaders: Race,
Gender and Bodies Out of Place, London: Berg Publishers.
Balibar, E., 1995, The Philosophy of Marx, London: Verso.
Bhabha, K.H., 1986, ‘Foreword’ in F. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, London: Pluto Press.
Cabral, A., 1969, Revolution in Guinea: An African People’s Struggle: Selected Texts 1924–1973, London: Stage 1.
DuBois, W.E.B., 1903, The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, Chicago, IL: AC McClurg & Co.
Davis, Y.A., 1988, ‘Foreword’, in A. Shakur, Assata: An Autobiography, London: Zed Books.
Dyer, R., 2004, White: Essays on Race and Culture, London: Routledge,1997)
p. 10 in N. Puwar, 2004, Space Invaders: Race, Gender and Bodies Out of Place, London: Berg Publishers.
Distiller, N., and Steyn, M., 2004, Under Construction, CapeTown: Heinemann Publishers. Engels, F., 1893, ‘Preface’, Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Oekonomie, Hamburg:
Verlag von Otto Meissner.
Fanon, F., 1963, The Wretched of the Earth, English transl. by C. Farrington, (French edition, 1961, Paris: François Maspero éditeur S.A.R.L.), New York: Grove Press. Fanon, F., 1986, Black Skin, White Masks, transl. by C.L. Markmann, London:
Pluto Press.
Fuchs, C., 2015, ‘Critical theory’, in G. Mazzoleni (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication, London: John Wiley & Sons.
Kasibe, G.W., 2006, ‘Malundeness, personal memory and the diaspora: Politics of the skin’ (unpublished thesis).
Kasibe, G.W., 2019, ‘No middle ground on genocidal Rhodes’. Available at: https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/opinion/no-middle-ground-on-genocidal-rhodes-1833325 (Accessed 2 May 2020).
Mahlangu, V., 2016, Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/vemahlangu/posts/ pfbid0e8ziTagew1d8WxA3RPHVVbzh23MCurty2qKCYSHHBX1gm7Pzfx-oJzpCZhourtPhpl (15 December 2016).
Marx, K., 1845, Theses on Feuerbach, Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Marx, K., and Engels, F., 1848, Manifesto of the Communist Party. Available at: https:// www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm (Accessed 20 August 2019)."
"Matebeni, Z., 2018, ‘#RhodesMustFall – It was never just about the statue’. Available at: https://za.boell.org/en/2018/02/19/rhodesmustfall-it-was-never-just-about-statue (Accessed 2 May 2020).
McKittrick, K., 2014, ‘Yours in the intellectual struggle: Sylvia Wynter and the realization of the living’, in K. McKittrick (ed). Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Durham, NC.: Duke University.
Mignolo, W.D., 2000a. Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowl-edges, and Border Thinking, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Monbiot, G., 2016, How Did We Get Into This Mess: Politics, Equality, Nature, London: Verso.
Nakayama K.T., and Martin, N.J., 1999, Whiteness: The Communication of Social,
London and New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Pagden, A., 1982, The Fall of Natural Man: The American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pearson, K., 1901, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, pp. 47–8, in P. Brantlinger, 1985, ‘Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent’, Critical Inquiry, 12(1).
Piketty, T., 2014, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pugh C., 2017, in N. Fandos et al., ‘Baltimore Mayor had statues removed in ‘best interest of my city’. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/16/us/ baltimore-confederate-statues.html (Accessed 2 November 2018).
Puwar, N., 2004, Space Invaders: Race, Gender and Bodies Out of Place, London: Berg Publishers.
Quijano, A., 2000, ‘Qué tal Raza!’ Paper prepared for the Conference of Coloniality Working Group, at SUNY-Binghamton.
Sartre, J-P., 1961, ‘Preface’ in F. Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, Paris, François Maspero éditeur.
Sartre, J-P., 1964, transl. J. MacCombie, ‘Black Orpheus’, Massachusetts Review, 6(1):
13. www.jstor.org/stable/25087216
Sartre, J-P., ‘Black Orpheus’, in P.H. Coetzee and A.P.J. Roux, 2002, Philosophy from Africa, 2nd edition, Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
Seiler, R.M., 2008, ‘Human communication in the Critical Theory tradition’,
pp. 6–8. Available at: http://www. ucalgary. ca/~ rseiler/critical. htm (Accessed 20 August 2018).
Shakur, O.A., 2015, ‘Pull down the statue’, Former Black Panther Assata Shakur’s Open Letter to UCT Students. Available at: http://hsrcpress.bookslive.co.za/ blog/2015/04/07/pull-down-the-statue-former-Black-panther-assata-shakurs-open-letter-to-uct-students/ (Accessed 8 September 2018).
Smith, T.L., 1999, Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples, London: Zed Books.
South African History Online, A History of Apartheid in South Africa. Available
at: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/history-apartheid-south-africa (Accessed 20 August 2018)."
"Theal, G.M., 1890, A Short History of South Africa, 1486–1826, Cape Town: Darter Brothers & Walton.
Vindex (Verschoyle, F.), 1900, Cecil Rhodes: His Political Life and Speeches: 1881–1900, London: Chapman and Hall.
Ware, V., and Back, L., 2002, Out of Whiteness: Color, Politics and Culture, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Wilson, C., 2001, ‘Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples’. Available at: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/journals-and-magazines/social-poli-cy-journal/spj17/17_pages214_217.pdf > (Accessed 20 June 2017).
Wynter, S., 2003, ‘Unsettling the coloniality of being/power/truth/freedom: Towards the human, after man, its overrepresentation – An argument’, The New Centennial Review, 3(3): 257–337.
Zikalala, T., Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/elaseKhuzeni (Accessed
1 April 2022)."