1 - Attracting Foreign Direct Investment for Growth and Development in sub-Saharan Africa: Policy Options and Strategic Alternatives
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 32 No 2 (2007): Afrique et développement
Résumé
L’Investissement direct étranger (IDE) joue un rôle important dans la stimulation de la croissance et du développement dans les pays en développement. L’IDE est plus connu pour son apport en capitaux indispensables aux efforts de croissance et de développement des pays bénéficiaires. Il leur apporte également des compétences et de nouvelles technologies. Dans la quasi-totalité des pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne, dont les économies sont récemment sorties d’une longue période de stagnation, les flux d’IDE sont nécessaires en vue d’une accélération de la croissance et du développement.
Au cours des années 90, plusieurs pays de la région ont enregistré des taux de croissance impressionnants, et plus récemment certains d’entre eux ont atteint et soutenu des taux de croissance à deux chiffres. Pour autant, si l’Afrique subsaharienne voulait accélérer ses taux de croissance en vue de sortir la majorité de ses populations de la pauvreté, il lui faudrait attirer plus d’IDE. Les efforts déployés dans ce sens ont été jusqu’ici encourageants. Cependant, comparées aux pays de l’Asie du Sud-Est, tels que Singapour, la Malaisie, la Thaïlande et la Chine, les entrées de l’IDE à destination de l’Afrique subsaharienne sont encore insignifiantes. Quelle explication donner à un niveau de flux de l’IDE aussi faible dans la sous-région? Comment l’Afrique subsaharienne peut-elle attirer plus d’IDE pour soutenir ses efforts de croissance et de développement ?
Quelles sont les options politiques à la disposition de ces pays ? Quelles stratégies alternatives l’Afrique subsaharienne peut-elle adopter pour accroître les entrées de l’IDE ? Quel rôle les organisations bilatérales et multilatérales peuvent-elles jouer dans ces efforts ? L’article aborde ces questions en examinant les entrées actuelles de l’IDE en Afrique subsaharienne et les moyens par lesquels elle pourra attirer d’avantage ces flux dont elle a tant besoin pour assurer une croissance et un développement durables.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- Abdulai, D., 2004, Can Malaysia Transit into the K-Economy?: Dynamic Challenges, Tough Choices and the Next Phase, Kuala Lumpur: Pelanduk Publications.
- Abdulai, D. N., 2001, African Renaissance: Challenges, Solutions and the Road Ahead, London: ASEAN Academic Press.
- Abdulai, ed., D. N., 2001, Malaysia and the K-Economy: Challenges, Solutions and the Road Ahead, Kuala Lumpur: Pelanduk Publications.
- Aggarwal, R., 1984, ‘The Strategic Challenge of Third World Multinationals: A New Stage of the Product Life Cycle of Multinationals?’, Advances in International Comparative Management, 1: 103-22.
- Arndt, H. W., 1974, ‘Professor Kojima on the Macroeconomics of Foreign Direct Investment’, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 15 (2): 26-35.
- Akinkugbe, O. ‘ Flow of Foreign irect Investment to Hitherto Neglected Developing Countries’. Discussion Paper 2003/02. UNU/Wider.
- Becker, G., S., 1993, Human capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p. 24.
- Berlot, T. J. and Dale, R. W., 1992, Programs in Industrial Countries to Promote Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries, Washington, DC: World Bank.
- Bhattacharya, A., Peter, M. and Sunil, S., 1997, ‘How Can Sub-Saharan Africa Attract More Private Capital Inflows?’, Finance and Development, 34 (2): 3-6.
- Calamitsis, E. A., 1999, ‘Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Unfinished Agenda’, Finance and Development, 36 (1): 6-9.
- Dagash, I. A., 1998, ‘A Critical view on how the European Media Is Covering Africa’, Paper presented at the conference on Reporting Africa: Return to the Agenda, Cardiff, Wales.
- Dunning, J. H., 1993, Multinational Enterprise and the Global Economy, London: Addison Wesley.
- Economist, 1995, ‘Out of Africa, a Smooth Ride’, 10 June.
- French, H., 1997, ‘Africa Takes Care of Crises on its Own Once Again’, New York Times, 9 June.
- Gary, H. P., 1982, ‘Macroeconomic Theories of Foreign Direct Investment: An Assessment’, in Alan M. Rugman, ed., New Theories of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Croom Helm.
- Hymer, S. H., 1976, The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
- IMF, 1999, ‘Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Performance, Impediments and Policy Requirements’, World Economic Outlook, p. 141.
- Iverson, C., 1953, Aspects of the Theory of International Capital Movements, London: Oxford University Press.
- Kojima, K. and Terutomo, 1984, ‘Micro and Macro-economic Models of Direct Foreign Investment: towards a synthesis’, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 25 (2), pp. 1-20.
- Kojima, K., 1982, ‘Macroeconomic Versus International Business Approach to Direct Foreign Investment’, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Vol. 23 (2), pp. 1-19.
- Lall, S. and N. S. Siddharthan, 1982, ‘The Monopolistic Advantages of Multinationals: Lessons from Foreign Investment in the U.S.’, Economic Journal, 92 (367), pp. 668-83.
- Lall, S., 1980, ‘Monopolistic Advantages and Foreign Involvement by U.S. Manufacturing Industry’, Oxford Economic Papers, 32, pp. 102-22.
- Lee, C. H., 1984, ‘On Japanese Microelectronics Theories of Direct Foreign Investment’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 32 (4) 713-23.
- Lewis, W. A., 1978, The Evolution of the International Economic Order, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
- Lippman, T., 1996, ‘Foreign Aid by U.S. Declines’, International Herald Tribune, 19 June.
- OECD/AfDB, 2004, ‘African Economic Outlook 2003/04’, www.oecd.org/dev/ africanoutlook.
- OECD, 1995, Taxation and FDI: The Experience of Economies in Transition, Paris: OECD.
- Ouattara, A. D., 1999, ‘Africa: An Agenda for the 21st Century’, Finance and Development, 36 (1), pp. 2-5.
- Tillet, C., 1996, ‘Foreign Investment: Targeting and Promotional Strategies’, London: Commonwealth Secretariat, Occasional paper No.2, Mimeo.
- Uganda Investment Authority, 1998, End of Year Report 1997, Kampala: Uganda Investment Authority.
- United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2003, Economic Report on Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UNECA.
- United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2001, Transforming Africa’s Economies: Overview, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UNECA, pp. 1-3.
- UNCTAD, 2005, Economic Development in Africa: Rethinking the Role of Foreign Direct Investment, New York and Geneva: United Nations.
- UNCTAD, 2002, World Investment Report, New York and Geneva: United Nations UNCTAD, 2001, ‘Promoting Linkages’, World Investment Report, New York: and Geneva: United Nations.
- UNCTAD, 2000, Capital Flows and Growth in Africa, New York and Geneva: United Nations.
- UNCTAD, 1999, Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Performance and Potential, New York: and Geneva: United Nations.
- Wall Street Journal Europe, 1999, ‘Nigeria’s President-Elect Aims to Uproot Corruption, Boost Foreign Investment’, 19 March.
Les références
Abdulai, D., 2004, Can Malaysia Transit into the K-Economy?: Dynamic Challenges, Tough Choices and the Next Phase, Kuala Lumpur: Pelanduk Publications.
Abdulai, D. N., 2001, African Renaissance: Challenges, Solutions and the Road Ahead, London: ASEAN Academic Press.
Abdulai, ed., D. N., 2001, Malaysia and the K-Economy: Challenges, Solutions and the Road Ahead, Kuala Lumpur: Pelanduk Publications.
Aggarwal, R., 1984, ‘The Strategic Challenge of Third World Multinationals: A New Stage of the Product Life Cycle of Multinationals?’, Advances in International Comparative Management, 1: 103-22.
Arndt, H. W., 1974, ‘Professor Kojima on the Macroeconomics of Foreign Direct Investment’, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 15 (2): 26-35.
Akinkugbe, O. ‘ Flow of Foreign irect Investment to Hitherto Neglected Developing Countries’. Discussion Paper 2003/02. UNU/Wider.
Becker, G., S., 1993, Human capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p. 24.
Berlot, T. J. and Dale, R. W., 1992, Programs in Industrial Countries to Promote Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries, Washington, DC: World Bank.
Bhattacharya, A., Peter, M. and Sunil, S., 1997, ‘How Can Sub-Saharan Africa Attract More Private Capital Inflows?’, Finance and Development, 34 (2): 3-6.
Calamitsis, E. A., 1999, ‘Adjustment and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Unfinished Agenda’, Finance and Development, 36 (1): 6-9.
Dagash, I. A., 1998, ‘A Critical view on how the European Media Is Covering Africa’, Paper presented at the conference on Reporting Africa: Return to the Agenda, Cardiff, Wales.
Dunning, J. H., 1993, Multinational Enterprise and the Global Economy, London: Addison Wesley.
Economist, 1995, ‘Out of Africa, a Smooth Ride’, 10 June.
French, H., 1997, ‘Africa Takes Care of Crises on its Own Once Again’, New York Times, 9 June.
Gary, H. P., 1982, ‘Macroeconomic Theories of Foreign Direct Investment: An Assessment’, in Alan M. Rugman, ed., New Theories of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Croom Helm.
Hymer, S. H., 1976, The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
IMF, 1999, ‘Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Performance, Impediments and Policy Requirements’, World Economic Outlook, p. 141.
Iverson, C., 1953, Aspects of the Theory of International Capital Movements, London: Oxford University Press.
Kojima, K. and Terutomo, 1984, ‘Micro and Macro-economic Models of Direct Foreign Investment: towards a synthesis’, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 25 (2), pp. 1-20.
Kojima, K., 1982, ‘Macroeconomic Versus International Business Approach to Direct Foreign Investment’, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Vol. 23 (2), pp. 1-19.
Lall, S. and N. S. Siddharthan, 1982, ‘The Monopolistic Advantages of Multinationals: Lessons from Foreign Investment in the U.S.’, Economic Journal, 92 (367), pp. 668-83.
Lall, S., 1980, ‘Monopolistic Advantages and Foreign Involvement by U.S. Manufacturing Industry’, Oxford Economic Papers, 32, pp. 102-22.
Lee, C. H., 1984, ‘On Japanese Microelectronics Theories of Direct Foreign Investment’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 32 (4) 713-23.
Lewis, W. A., 1978, The Evolution of the International Economic Order, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Lippman, T., 1996, ‘Foreign Aid by U.S. Declines’, International Herald Tribune, 19 June.
OECD/AfDB, 2004, ‘African Economic Outlook 2003/04’, www.oecd.org/dev/ africanoutlook.
OECD, 1995, Taxation and FDI: The Experience of Economies in Transition, Paris: OECD.
Ouattara, A. D., 1999, ‘Africa: An Agenda for the 21st Century’, Finance and Development, 36 (1), pp. 2-5.
Tillet, C., 1996, ‘Foreign Investment: Targeting and Promotional Strategies’, London: Commonwealth Secretariat, Occasional paper No.2, Mimeo.
Uganda Investment Authority, 1998, End of Year Report 1997, Kampala: Uganda Investment Authority.
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2003, Economic Report on Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UNECA.
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2001, Transforming Africa’s Economies: Overview, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UNECA, pp. 1-3.
UNCTAD, 2005, Economic Development in Africa: Rethinking the Role of Foreign Direct Investment, New York and Geneva: United Nations.
UNCTAD, 2002, World Investment Report, New York and Geneva: United Nations UNCTAD, 2001, ‘Promoting Linkages’, World Investment Report, New York: and Geneva: United Nations.
UNCTAD, 2000, Capital Flows and Growth in Africa, New York and Geneva: United Nations.
UNCTAD, 1999, Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Performance and Potential, New York: and Geneva: United Nations.
Wall Street Journal Europe, 1999, ‘Nigeria’s President-Elect Aims to Uproot Corruption, Boost Foreign Investment’, 19 March.