5 - La conférence nationale souveraine et la démocratisation au Togo du point de vue de la société civile
Corresponding Author(s) : Takuo Iwata
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 25 No 3-4 (2000): Afrique et développement
Résumé
The aim of this article is to analyse the process of democratic transition instituted by the Sovereign National Conference (SNC) in Togo, from the standpoint of the notion of civil society. In Togo, despite the authoritarian regime instituted by General Eyadema has remained in power since 1967, the Togolese had lived a period of hope when there had a beginning of democratic transition initiated by the SNC. The SNC is the result of the maturity of citizens associations, which had opened positive perspectives for the future of politics in this country. This conference has been of great importance in the political history of Africa.This study proposes to analyse the démocratisation process in Togo from the standpoint of the SNC. But it also aims at thinking of the démocratisation of other African countries, especially those who have organised a SNC, and studying the relationship between African policy and the notion of civil society.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Amuwo, Kunle, 1997, «France and Africa in the Post-Cold War Era», Africa,Anno LII, no. 2.
- Bayart, Jean-François, 1983, «La revanche des sociétés africaines», Politique Africaine, no. 11.
- Bayart, Jean-François, 1986 «Civil Society in Africa» in Patrick Chabal (ed.),Po/itical Domination in Africa, Cambridge.
- Bayart, Jean-François, 1989, L'État en Afrique: la politique du ventre, Paris Fayart.
- Bilan des droits de !homme au Togo de 1960 à 1991, Ligue togolaise des droits de l'Homme, 1991.
- Bratton, l-fichael, 1994, «Civil Society and Political Transitions in Africa», in John W. Harbson (ed.), Civil Society and the State inAfrica, Lynne Rienner.
- Degli, Jean Yaovi, 1991, «Rapport général de la Conférence nationale souveraine du Togo du 8 juillet au 28 août 1991», République Togolaise.
- Degli, Jean Yaovi, 1996, Togo: la tragédie efricaine, Edirions Nouvelles du sud. Deleuze Gille, Gattari Félix, 1980, Mille Plateaux, Édition de minuit.
- Diamond, Larry, 1994, «Toward Democratic Consolidation»,JoumaloJDemocraçy,Vol.5, no. 3.
- Dumoulin André, 1997, La France militaire et L'Afrique, GRIP-Complexe.
- Eboussi Boulaga, Fabien, 1993, Les Co,iférences nationales m Afrique noire: une 4faireà suivre, Paris Karthala.
- Heilbronn, John R., 1993, «Social Origins of National Conferences in Benin and Togo», The Journal of ModemAfrican Studies, Vol.31, no.2.
- Heilbronn, John R, 1997, «Commerce, Politics, and Business Association in Benin and Togo», Comparative Po/itics, Vol.29, no. 4.
- Hyden, Goran, 1996, «The Challenge of Analysing and Building Civil Society»,Africa lnsight, Vol.26, no. 2.
- Jeune Afrique OA).
- Jeune Afrique Economie OAE).
- Lewis, Peter M., 1997, «Civil Society, Political Society, and Democratic Failure in Nigeria», in Ottaway, Marina (ed.), Democrary in Ajn"ca: The Hard Road Ahead, Lynne Rienner.
- Marchés Tropicaux et Méditmanéens (MTM)Nouvelft ECHO, no. 37, 06 février 1998.
- Nwajiaku, Kathryn, 1994, «The National Conferences in Benin and Togo Revisited», The Journal of Modem Ajn"can Studies, Vol.32, no. 3.
- Olukoshi, Adebayo O. and Osita, Agbu, 1996, «The Deepening Crisis of Nigerian Federalism and the Future of the Nation-State» in Olukoshi, Adebayo, and Liisa Laakso (eds.), Challenges to the Nation-State in Afn·ca, Uppsala, Nordiska Africainstitutet.
- Osaghae, Eghosa, 1994, Ethnici and its Management in Africa: The Democratic Link,Malthouse Press Limited.
- Robinson, Pearl, 1994, «Democratization: Understanding the Relationship Between Regime Change and the Culture of Politics», African Studies Review,Vol.37, no. 1.
- Toulabor, Comi M., 1986, Le TOGO sous Eyadima, Paris, Karthala.
- Toulabor, Comi M., 1990, «Dix ans de démocratisation au Togo : les faussaires de la démocratie» Année Africaine 1989.
- Young, Crawford, 1994, «ln Seach of Civil Society», in John W. Harbson (ed.)Civil Socie and the State in Africa, Lynne Rienner.
- US Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, January 30 1998, «Togo,Countty Report on Human Rights Practices for 1997», http:www.state.gov/www/ global/human_rights/1997_hrp_report/togo.html
Les références
Amuwo, Kunle, 1997, «France and Africa in the Post-Cold War Era», Africa,Anno LII, no. 2.
Bayart, Jean-François, 1983, «La revanche des sociétés africaines», Politique Africaine, no. 11.
Bayart, Jean-François, 1986 «Civil Society in Africa» in Patrick Chabal (ed.),Po/itical Domination in Africa, Cambridge.
Bayart, Jean-François, 1989, L'État en Afrique: la politique du ventre, Paris Fayart.
Bilan des droits de !homme au Togo de 1960 à 1991, Ligue togolaise des droits de l'Homme, 1991.
Bratton, l-fichael, 1994, «Civil Society and Political Transitions in Africa», in John W. Harbson (ed.), Civil Society and the State inAfrica, Lynne Rienner.
Degli, Jean Yaovi, 1991, «Rapport général de la Conférence nationale souveraine du Togo du 8 juillet au 28 août 1991», République Togolaise.
Degli, Jean Yaovi, 1996, Togo: la tragédie efricaine, Edirions Nouvelles du sud. Deleuze Gille, Gattari Félix, 1980, Mille Plateaux, Édition de minuit.
Diamond, Larry, 1994, «Toward Democratic Consolidation»,JoumaloJDemocraçy,Vol.5, no. 3.
Dumoulin André, 1997, La France militaire et L'Afrique, GRIP-Complexe.
Eboussi Boulaga, Fabien, 1993, Les Co,iférences nationales m Afrique noire: une 4faireà suivre, Paris Karthala.
Heilbronn, John R., 1993, «Social Origins of National Conferences in Benin and Togo», The Journal of ModemAfrican Studies, Vol.31, no.2.
Heilbronn, John R, 1997, «Commerce, Politics, and Business Association in Benin and Togo», Comparative Po/itics, Vol.29, no. 4.
Hyden, Goran, 1996, «The Challenge of Analysing and Building Civil Society»,Africa lnsight, Vol.26, no. 2.
Jeune Afrique OA).
Jeune Afrique Economie OAE).
Lewis, Peter M., 1997, «Civil Society, Political Society, and Democratic Failure in Nigeria», in Ottaway, Marina (ed.), Democrary in Ajn"ca: The Hard Road Ahead, Lynne Rienner.
Marchés Tropicaux et Méditmanéens (MTM)Nouvelft ECHO, no. 37, 06 février 1998.
Nwajiaku, Kathryn, 1994, «The National Conferences in Benin and Togo Revisited», The Journal of Modem Ajn"can Studies, Vol.32, no. 3.
Olukoshi, Adebayo O. and Osita, Agbu, 1996, «The Deepening Crisis of Nigerian Federalism and the Future of the Nation-State» in Olukoshi, Adebayo, and Liisa Laakso (eds.), Challenges to the Nation-State in Afn·ca, Uppsala, Nordiska Africainstitutet.
Osaghae, Eghosa, 1994, Ethnici and its Management in Africa: The Democratic Link,Malthouse Press Limited.
Robinson, Pearl, 1994, «Democratization: Understanding the Relationship Between Regime Change and the Culture of Politics», African Studies Review,Vol.37, no. 1.
Toulabor, Comi M., 1986, Le TOGO sous Eyadima, Paris, Karthala.
Toulabor, Comi M., 1990, «Dix ans de démocratisation au Togo : les faussaires de la démocratie» Année Africaine 1989.
Young, Crawford, 1994, «ln Seach of Civil Society», in John W. Harbson (ed.)Civil Socie and the State in Africa, Lynne Rienner.
US Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, January 30 1998, «Togo,Countty Report on Human Rights Practices for 1997», http:www.state.gov/www/ global/human_rights/1997_hrp_report/togo.html