3 - Targeting Practices and Biases in Social Cash Transfers: Experiences in Rural Malawi
Corresponding Author(s) : Ignasio M. Jimu
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 43 No 2 (2018): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Les programmes de transferts monétaires sociaux (SCT) impliquent un soutien financier direct aux ménages vulnérables. La vulnérabilité, en tant que condition sociale, est souvent liée au faible revenu et à l’insécurité alimentaire. Les transferts monétaires vont bien avec le « welfarism » néolibéral, contrairement à l’approche traditionnelle d’assistance associée à l’assistance alimentaire. L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner les processus de ciblage et leurs enjeux au Malawi. Les indices de substitution d’extrême pauvreté utilisés dans la conception des programmes SCT sont corrélés d’une manière ou d’une autre à des paramètres tels que le sexe, l’éducation, la structure des moyens de subsistance et le type de biens durables détenus par les bénéficiaires. Les données démontrent que les bénéficiaires sont généralement des femmes et des personnes ayant très peu ou pas d’éducation formelle. Les auteurs soutiennent que le genre et l’éducation sont des paramètres importants, plus faciles à déterminer et à appliquer, avec une possibilité réduite de biais pour identifier les groupes vulnérables et avec des enseignements précieux en cas de reproduction à l’échelle nationale.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Chinsinga, B., 2009, Political Economy of Cash Transfers in Malawi, report prepared for the Overseas Development Institute, London, http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/4695-cash-transfers-political-economy-malawi.
- Coady, D., Grosh, M., and Hoddinott, J., 2004, ‘Targeting outcomes redux’, World Bank Research Observer 19 (1): 61–85.
- Conning, J., and Kevane, M., 2002, ‘Community-based targeting mechanism for social safety nets: a critical review’, World Development 30 (3): 375–94.
- Devereux, S., 2002, ‘Can social safety nets reduce chronic poverty?’, Development Policy Review 20 (5): 657–75.
- Fiszbein A., Schady, N., Francisco, H.G., Ferreira, M.G., Kelleher, N., Olinto, P. and Skoufias, E., 2009, Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington DC.
- Gregory, C.A., and Altman, J.C., 1989, Observing the Economy, London: Routledge. Handa, S., and Davis, B., 2006, ‘The experience with conditional cash transfers in Latin America and the Caribbean’, Development Policy Review 26 (5): 513–36.
- Hypher, N., and Veras, F., 2012, ‘Does community-based targeting really work in cash transfer programmes in Africa?’, One Pager, No. 148. The International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, Brazil.
- Innovative Minds, 2011, School Feeding and Cash Transfer Project: Chimanimani and Muzarabani Districts, End of Project Evaluation Report, Save the Children. Kalebe-Nyamongo, C., and Marquette, H., 2014, ‘Elite Attitudes Towards Cash Transfers and the Poor in Malawi’, The Developmental Leadership Program (DLP), International Development Department, School of Government and Society, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Paper 30.
- Jimu, I.M., 2016, Moving in Circles, Bamenda: Langaa RCIG.
- Lawson, M., Cullen, A., Sibale, B., Ligomeka, S. and Lwanda, F., 2001, Targeted Inputs Programme (TIP): Findings of the Monitoring Component for TIP 2000–2001, a monitoring study commissioned for the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation of the Government of Malawi by the UK Department for International Development, available at http://www.rdg.ac.uk/ssc/workareas/development/malawi/tip1mon.pdf.
- Matandiko, P., 2010, ‘Social Cash Transfers: How are they Contributing to Rural Livelihoods: The Case of Kalomo Social Cash Transfer Scheme’, research paper submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of Masters of Arts in Development Studies, Graduate School of Development Studies, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands.
- Miller, C.M., Tsoka, M., and Reichert, K., 2008, Impact Evaluation Report External Evaluation of the Mchinji Social Cash Transfer Pilot, a report prepared by the Center for International Health and Development (CIHD) Boston University for the Government of Malawi, USAID and UNICEF Malawi.
- Miller, C.M., Tsoka, M., and Reichert, K., 2010, ‘Targeting cash to Malawi’s ultra- poor: a mixed methods evaluation’, Development Policy Review 28 (4): 481–502.
- McCord, A., 2009, Cash transfers and political economy in sub-Saharan Africa, Project Briefing No. 31, Overseas Development Institute.
- Narotzky, S., 1997, New Directions in Economic Anthropology, London: Pluto Press.
- Redko, A., 2013, Community-Based Conditional Cash Transfer Impact Evaluation 2009, Baseline Survey, Tanzania National Data Archive (TNADA), http://www.nbs.go.tz/tnada/index.php/catalog.
- Republic of Malawi, 2012, National Social Support Policy, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development.
- Ressler, P., 2008, The Social Impact of Cash Transfers: A Study of the Impact of Cash Transfers on Social Networks of Kenyan Households Participating in Cash Transfer Programs, Regional Network on AIDS, Livelihoods and Food Security International Food Policy Research Institute.
- Sahlins, M., 1974, Stone Age Economics, London: Tavistock Publications.
- Samson, M., 2009, Social Cash Transfers and Pro-Poor Growth, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Social Protection, OECD.
- Save the Children (UK), HelpAge International and Institute of Development Studies, 2005, Making Cash Count: Lessons from Cash Transfer Schemes in East and Southern Africa for Supporting the Most Vulnerable Children and Households.
- Slater, R. and Farrington, J., 2009, Targeting of Social Transfers: A Review for DFID, Overseas Development Institute (ODI).
- Soares, F.V., 2009, ‘Do Conditional Cash Transfers Lessen the Impact of the Current Economic Crisis? Yes But…’, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, United Nations Development Programme, One Pager Number 96, September, Brazil.
- Zezza, A., de la Briere, B., and Davis, B., 2010, The impact of social cash transfers on household economic decision making and development in eastern and southern Africa, available at https://www.afdb.org/en/aec-2010/papers/the-impact-of-social-cash-transfers-on-household-economic-decision-making-and-development-in-eastern-and-southern-africa/.
Les références
Chinsinga, B., 2009, Political Economy of Cash Transfers in Malawi, report prepared for the Overseas Development Institute, London, http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/4695-cash-transfers-political-economy-malawi.
Coady, D., Grosh, M., and Hoddinott, J., 2004, ‘Targeting outcomes redux’, World Bank Research Observer 19 (1): 61–85.
Conning, J., and Kevane, M., 2002, ‘Community-based targeting mechanism for social safety nets: a critical review’, World Development 30 (3): 375–94.
Devereux, S., 2002, ‘Can social safety nets reduce chronic poverty?’, Development Policy Review 20 (5): 657–75.
Fiszbein A., Schady, N., Francisco, H.G., Ferreira, M.G., Kelleher, N., Olinto, P. and Skoufias, E., 2009, Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington DC.
Gregory, C.A., and Altman, J.C., 1989, Observing the Economy, London: Routledge. Handa, S., and Davis, B., 2006, ‘The experience with conditional cash transfers in Latin America and the Caribbean’, Development Policy Review 26 (5): 513–36.
Hypher, N., and Veras, F., 2012, ‘Does community-based targeting really work in cash transfer programmes in Africa?’, One Pager, No. 148. The International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, Brazil.
Innovative Minds, 2011, School Feeding and Cash Transfer Project: Chimanimani and Muzarabani Districts, End of Project Evaluation Report, Save the Children. Kalebe-Nyamongo, C., and Marquette, H., 2014, ‘Elite Attitudes Towards Cash Transfers and the Poor in Malawi’, The Developmental Leadership Program (DLP), International Development Department, School of Government and Society, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Paper 30.
Jimu, I.M., 2016, Moving in Circles, Bamenda: Langaa RCIG.
Lawson, M., Cullen, A., Sibale, B., Ligomeka, S. and Lwanda, F., 2001, Targeted Inputs Programme (TIP): Findings of the Monitoring Component for TIP 2000–2001, a monitoring study commissioned for the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation of the Government of Malawi by the UK Department for International Development, available at http://www.rdg.ac.uk/ssc/workareas/development/malawi/tip1mon.pdf.
Matandiko, P., 2010, ‘Social Cash Transfers: How are they Contributing to Rural Livelihoods: The Case of Kalomo Social Cash Transfer Scheme’, research paper submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of Masters of Arts in Development Studies, Graduate School of Development Studies, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Miller, C.M., Tsoka, M., and Reichert, K., 2008, Impact Evaluation Report External Evaluation of the Mchinji Social Cash Transfer Pilot, a report prepared by the Center for International Health and Development (CIHD) Boston University for the Government of Malawi, USAID and UNICEF Malawi.
Miller, C.M., Tsoka, M., and Reichert, K., 2010, ‘Targeting cash to Malawi’s ultra- poor: a mixed methods evaluation’, Development Policy Review 28 (4): 481–502.
McCord, A., 2009, Cash transfers and political economy in sub-Saharan Africa, Project Briefing No. 31, Overseas Development Institute.
Narotzky, S., 1997, New Directions in Economic Anthropology, London: Pluto Press.
Redko, A., 2013, Community-Based Conditional Cash Transfer Impact Evaluation 2009, Baseline Survey, Tanzania National Data Archive (TNADA), http://www.nbs.go.tz/tnada/index.php/catalog.
Republic of Malawi, 2012, National Social Support Policy, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development.
Ressler, P., 2008, The Social Impact of Cash Transfers: A Study of the Impact of Cash Transfers on Social Networks of Kenyan Households Participating in Cash Transfer Programs, Regional Network on AIDS, Livelihoods and Food Security International Food Policy Research Institute.
Sahlins, M., 1974, Stone Age Economics, London: Tavistock Publications.
Samson, M., 2009, Social Cash Transfers and Pro-Poor Growth, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Social Protection, OECD.
Save the Children (UK), HelpAge International and Institute of Development Studies, 2005, Making Cash Count: Lessons from Cash Transfer Schemes in East and Southern Africa for Supporting the Most Vulnerable Children and Households.
Slater, R. and Farrington, J., 2009, Targeting of Social Transfers: A Review for DFID, Overseas Development Institute (ODI).
Soares, F.V., 2009, ‘Do Conditional Cash Transfers Lessen the Impact of the Current Economic Crisis? Yes But…’, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, United Nations Development Programme, One Pager Number 96, September, Brazil.
Zezza, A., de la Briere, B., and Davis, B., 2010, The impact of social cash transfers on household economic decision making and development in eastern and southern Africa, available at https://www.afdb.org/en/aec-2010/papers/the-impact-of-social-cash-transfers-on-household-economic-decision-making-and-development-in-eastern-and-southern-africa/.