3 - The National Project as a Public Administration Concept: The Problematic of State Building in the Search for New Development Paradigms in Africa
Corresponding Author(s) : Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 36 No 2 (2011): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Au centre du débat autour des valeurs et de l’importance de la décolonisation, de la pensée développementale et de l’édification de la nation postcoloniale en Afrique se trouve la question du projet national. En théorie, un projet national est un concept imaginaire de l’élite politique, un outil de domination politique ou l’expression réelle complexe de la mobilisation d’idées et de réflexions ; il concerne la gouvernance. Il implique l’existence de certaines dimensions de nationalisme politique, économique et culturel, tant dans son cadre stratégique que dans son assise politique. Au moment de l’indépendance politique, la plupart des régimes politiques africains, indépendamment de la nature de leurs idéologies, de l’histoire de la formation de leurs États et de la façon dont ils ont obtenu l’indépendance politique, ont adopté et/ou créé certaines formes de projets nationaux en tant que fondements de leurs plates- formes sociales et économiques. Cependant, tout le monde sait que les États africains ont produit une administration publique relativement faible, morcelée, individualisée et personnalisée, basée sur des projets nationaux ambigus et confus. En Afrique, même les régimes réactionnaires se sont prétendus nationalistes. Pourquoi cela a-t-il été systématiquement le cas ? Il y a diverses interprétations des projets nationaux africains, qui sont devenus les projets de politique en principe supposés lier les élites politiques et les peuples africains les uns aux autres dans l’exploration de nouveaux modèles de développement. Bien que de nombreuses études aient été réalisées sur certains aspects du rôle des projets nationaux et des administrations publiques dans la projection du progrès social en Afrique, il n’y a pas eu à ce jour suffisamment d’études qui examinent d’un point de vue historique la notion de projets nationaux et leur rela- tion avec l’administration publique. Ainsi, dans cet article, je me propose en premier lieu d’examiner de façon critique l’historicité du concept de projet national tel que défini et projeté à travers divers types de régimes politiques et de mouvements sociaux africains choisis ; d’identifier leurs similitudes s’il y en a et de comparer leurs finalités politiques. En second lieu, utilisant des perspectives historiques structurelles et comparatives, j’analyse comment la notion d’administration publique a été incorporée et développée à l’intérieur du projet national. Il a été soutenu qu’aucun État contemporain n’est capable de rendre effectivement des services qui, à la longue, peuvent être traduits en infrastructures solides, sans développer une administration publique qui soit pertinente et appropriée dans le cadre du projet national de l’État. L’administration publique doit être un appareil de l’espace public dans lequel sont articulées les idées intégratives, la gestion publique, les valeurs sociétales et la citoyenneté
collective.
Je cherche aussi à comprendre la nature de la relation entre le projet national en tant qu’idéologie de l’État et l’administration publique en tant que fondement fonctionnel de l’État en Afrique et à voir comment cette relation peut favoriser la réflexion sur la notion d’agenda public ou l’espace public. Derrière cette réflexion analytique, la question plus large est l’idée que le concept de « public politique » défini à travers la relation entre les projets nationaux, les administrations publiques et les sociétés civiles devrait être considéré comme le ciment de la culture politique collective.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Ake, C., 1996, Development and Democracy in Africa, Washington, and D C: Brookings Institution Press.
- Amin, S., 1990, Maldevelopment: Anatomy of a Global Failure, London and New Jersey: United Nations University Press and Zed Books, Ltd.
- Bathily, A., 1994, ‘The West African State in Historical Perspective’, in Eghosa Osaghae, ed., Between State and Civil Society in Africa: Perspectives on Development, Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA.
- Breuilly, J., 1985, Nationalism and the State, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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- Dibie, R., 2004, Implications of Globalization in the Teaching of Public Administration in Africa: the Case of Nigeria, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Gellner, E., 1994, ‘Nations and Nationalism’, in Richard K. Betts, ed., Conflict After the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and Peace, New York: MacMillan.
- Hirschmann, D., 1976, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Mar.)
- Hyden, G. and Rweyemamu, A., 1975, eds, A Decade of Public Administration in Africa, Nairobi/ Kampala/Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau.
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- Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 2007, ‘Rethinking the African State: A Background Paper on Building the Democratic Developmental State’, Unpublished paper written for the United Nations Development Programme, New York, December.
- Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 2006, ‘The Welfare State Within the Context of Liberal Globalisation in Africa: Is the Concept Still Relevant in Social Policy Alternatives for Africa’, African Journal of International Affairs/Revue Africaine des Relations Internationales, Vol. 9, Nos. 1 and 2.
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- Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 2003, ‘Can a “Realist Pan-Africanism” Be a Relevant Tool Toward the Transformation of African and African Diaspora Politics? Imagining a Pan-African State’, African Journal of International Affairs/Revue Africaine des Relations Internationales, Vol. 6, Nos. 1 and 2.
- Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 1994, Political Re-mapping of Africa: Transnational Ideology and the Re-definition of Africa in World Politics, Lanhman, Maryland: University Press of America.
- Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 1991, Nationalistic Ideologies, Their Policy Implications and the Struggle for Democracy in African Politics, Lewiston, New York: E. Mellen Press.
- Makoba, J.W., 1998, Government Policy and Public Enterprise Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case Studies of Tanzania and Zambia, 1964-1984, New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
- Martin, G., 2002, Africa in World Politics: A Pan-African Perspective, Trenton, NJ and Asmara, Ethiopia: Africa World Press, Inc.
- Meredith, M., 2006, The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence. London: Free Press.
- Mazrui, A.A., 1967, Towards a Pax Africana: A Study of Ideology and Ambition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Mazrui, Ali Al’Amin, 2005, eds, The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa, Leiden: Brill, 1977.
- Mhone, Guy C. Z., 2003, ‘The Challenges of Governance, Public Sector Reform and Public Administration in Africa: Some Research Issues’, DPMN Bulletin: Vol. X, No. 3, May. Michael, L., ‘The Contribution of CAFRAD to Public Administration in Africa’,
- International Review of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 2.
- Mkandawire, T., 2001, ‘Thinking about Development States in Africa’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25.
- Mkandawire, T., 2005, ed., African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language London: New York: Zed Books in association with CODESRIA.
- Moyo, J.N., 1992, Politics of Administration: Understanding Bureaucracy in Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe: SAPES Books.
- Mukandala, R., 2000, ed., African Public Administration: A Reader, Zimbabwe, Harare: The African Association of Political Science.
- Mutahaba, G., 1988, Reforming Public Administration for Development: Experiences from East Africa, West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian Press.
- Mutahaba, G., Baguma, R. and Halfami, M., 1993, Vitalizing African Public Administration for Recovery and Development, West Hartford: Conn.: Kumarian Press.
- Nelson, B.R., 1996, Western Political Thought: From Socrates to Age of Ideology, Second Edition, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Nkrumah, K., 1971, Neo-colonialism: Last Stage of Imperialism, New York: International Publishers.
- Nnoli, O., 2000, ‘Public Administration’, in Rwekaza Mukandala, ed., African Public Administration: A Reader, Zimbabwe, Harare: African Association of Political Science.
- Rothchild, D. and Chazan, N., 1988, eds, The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
- Shimko, K., 2008, International Relations: Perspectives and Controversies, Second Edition, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
- Tefera, A., 2000, ‘Regional Economic Development Planning in Ethiopia: Features, Problems, and Prospects’, in Rwekaza Mukandala, ed., African Public Administration: A Reader, Zimbabwe, Harare: African Association of Political Science.
- Uzoigwe, N.G., 2008, ‘A Matter of Identity: Africa and Its Diaspora in America since 1900, Continuity and Change’, African and Asian Studies 7.
- Weber, M., Economy and Society, 1978, (Roth Geunther and Claus Wittich, eds), CA: Berkeley, Los Angels and London: University of California Press.
Les références
Ake, C., 1996, Development and Democracy in Africa, Washington, and D C: Brookings Institution Press.
Amin, S., 1990, Maldevelopment: Anatomy of a Global Failure, London and New Jersey: United Nations University Press and Zed Books, Ltd.
Bathily, A., 1994, ‘The West African State in Historical Perspective’, in Eghosa Osaghae, ed., Between State and Civil Society in Africa: Perspectives on Development, Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA.
Breuilly, J., 1985, Nationalism and the State, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
DeVisser, J., 2005, Developmental Local Government: A Case Study of South Africa, Antwerp, Belgium: lntersentia.
Dibie, R., 2004, Implications of Globalization in the Teaching of Public Administration in Africa: the Case of Nigeria, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Gellner, E., 1994, ‘Nations and Nationalism’, in Richard K. Betts, ed., Conflict After the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and Peace, New York: MacMillan.
Hirschmann, D., 1976, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Mar.)
Hyden, G. and Rweyemamu, A., 1975, eds, A Decade of Public Administration in Africa, Nairobi/ Kampala/Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau.
Hyden, G., 1983, No Shortcuts to Progress: African Development Management in Perspective, Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
Kegley, C.W. and Wittkopf, E.R., 2000, World Politics: Trends and Transformation, Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martins.
Khadiagala, M. G. and Mitullah, W.V., 2004, ‘Kenya’s Decentralization through the Devolution of Power Advances and Limits’, in Philip Oxhorn, Joseph S. Tulchin, and Andrew D. Selee, eds, Decentralization, Democratic Governance and Civil Society in Comparative Perspective: Africa, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Ladouceur, P., 1979, Chiefs and Politicians: the Politics of Regionalism in Northern Ghana, London: Longman.
Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 2007, ‘Rethinking the African State: A Background Paper on Building the Democratic Developmental State’, Unpublished paper written for the United Nations Development Programme, New York, December.
Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 2006, ‘The Welfare State Within the Context of Liberal Globalisation in Africa: Is the Concept Still Relevant in Social Policy Alternatives for Africa’, African Journal of International Affairs/Revue Africaine des Relations Internationales, Vol. 9, Nos. 1 and 2.
Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 2005, Who and What Govern in the World of the States: A Comparative Study of Constitutions, Citizenry, Power, and Ideology in Contemporary Politics, Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.
Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 2003, ‘Can a “Realist Pan-Africanism” Be a Relevant Tool Toward the Transformation of African and African Diaspora Politics? Imagining a Pan-African State’, African Journal of International Affairs/Revue Africaine des Relations Internationales, Vol. 6, Nos. 1 and 2.
Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 1994, Political Re-mapping of Africa: Transnational Ideology and the Re-definition of Africa in World Politics, Lanhman, Maryland: University Press of America.
Lumumba-Kasongo, T., 1991, Nationalistic Ideologies, Their Policy Implications and the Struggle for Democracy in African Politics, Lewiston, New York: E. Mellen Press.
Makoba, J.W., 1998, Government Policy and Public Enterprise Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case Studies of Tanzania and Zambia, 1964-1984, New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
Martin, G., 2002, Africa in World Politics: A Pan-African Perspective, Trenton, NJ and Asmara, Ethiopia: Africa World Press, Inc.
Meredith, M., 2006, The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence. London: Free Press.
Mazrui, A.A., 1967, Towards a Pax Africana: A Study of Ideology and Ambition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mazrui, Ali Al’Amin, 2005, eds, The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa, Leiden: Brill, 1977.
Mhone, Guy C. Z., 2003, ‘The Challenges of Governance, Public Sector Reform and Public Administration in Africa: Some Research Issues’, DPMN Bulletin: Vol. X, No. 3, May. Michael, L., ‘The Contribution of CAFRAD to Public Administration in Africa’,
International Review of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 2.
Mkandawire, T., 2001, ‘Thinking about Development States in Africa’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25.
Mkandawire, T., 2005, ed., African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language London: New York: Zed Books in association with CODESRIA.
Moyo, J.N., 1992, Politics of Administration: Understanding Bureaucracy in Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe: SAPES Books.
Mukandala, R., 2000, ed., African Public Administration: A Reader, Zimbabwe, Harare: The African Association of Political Science.
Mutahaba, G., 1988, Reforming Public Administration for Development: Experiences from East Africa, West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian Press.
Mutahaba, G., Baguma, R. and Halfami, M., 1993, Vitalizing African Public Administration for Recovery and Development, West Hartford: Conn.: Kumarian Press.
Nelson, B.R., 1996, Western Political Thought: From Socrates to Age of Ideology, Second Edition, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Nkrumah, K., 1971, Neo-colonialism: Last Stage of Imperialism, New York: International Publishers.
Nnoli, O., 2000, ‘Public Administration’, in Rwekaza Mukandala, ed., African Public Administration: A Reader, Zimbabwe, Harare: African Association of Political Science.
Rothchild, D. and Chazan, N., 1988, eds, The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
Shimko, K., 2008, International Relations: Perspectives and Controversies, Second Edition, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Tefera, A., 2000, ‘Regional Economic Development Planning in Ethiopia: Features, Problems, and Prospects’, in Rwekaza Mukandala, ed., African Public Administration: A Reader, Zimbabwe, Harare: African Association of Political Science.
Uzoigwe, N.G., 2008, ‘A Matter of Identity: Africa and Its Diaspora in America since 1900, Continuity and Change’, African and Asian Studies 7.
Weber, M., Economy and Society, 1978, (Roth Geunther and Claus Wittich, eds), CA: Berkeley, Los Angels and London: University of California Press.