2 - Mieux vaut l'infection que la faim ». Une étude des perceptions de la maladie avec un accent particulier sur la schistosomiase urinaire dans le nord de la Tanzanie
Corresponding Author(s) : Rose Mwangi
Revue africaine de sociologie,
Vol. 7 No 1 (2003): Revue africaine de sociologie
Résumé
Cet article traite de la façon dont une communauté du nord de la Tanzanie vit et raisonne autour de la schistosomiase urinaire et plus spécifiquement de la schistosomiase génitale féminine ou schistosomiase de l'appareil reproducteur. En tant que maladie, la schistosomiase génitale féminine se présente lui-même avec une variété de symptômes que ni la femme affectée ni les professionnels de la santé généralement reconnu comme une schistosomiase. L'étude s'est donc concentrée sur la reconnaissance des symptômes, la la question étant de savoir si les femmes vivant dans une zone d'endémie peuvent distinguer les symptômes de troubles urinaires et schistosomiase génitale de celles d'autres maladies se présentant de manière similaire. Les données étaient générés à l'aide d'une combinaison de méthodes qualitatives, y compris l'observation, les entretiens individuels et des discussions de groupe avec diverses catégories de personnes. Tous les participants à la recherche étaient conscients du lien entre l'eau et l'infection. Parce que la maladie est associée à l'agriculture, le
principal moyen de subsistance, il y avait un fort sentiment parmi les participants à la recherche que le traitement, qu'il soit
à l'hôpital ou par la médecine traditionnelle ne pouvait pas provoquer une guérison définitive. La réinfection a été envisagée
inévitable et comme on disait que la schistosomiase était moins toxique que le paludisme, on a estimé qu'il y avait
peu de choix entre être infecté et avoir de la nourriture. Donner un sens aux symptômes a été envisagé de plus difficile bien que les femmes et les hommes aient dit pouvoir dire si la présence de sang dans les urines était due à la schistosomiase urinaire ou d'autres conditions telles que les maladies sexuellement transmissibles qui présentent symptômes similaires. La similarité des symptômes a été jugée problématique également en raison de la sensibilité et stigmatisation dans les maladies sexuellement transmissibles. La schistosomiase urinaire est donc une problème de santé complexe et pour tout contrôle efficace, il est clair qu'il est nécessaire d'appréhender cette complexité.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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Les références
Agar M. 1996. ‘Recasting the? Ethno? in ?epidemiology?’. Medical Anthropology, 16:391-403.
Ahlberg, B M, Kiiru, K, Njau, W, Krantz, I. 2000. ‘Gender masked or self-inflicted pain: female circumcision, eradication and persistence in Central Kenya’. African Sociological Review 4(1): 35- 54.
Amazigou, U. 1994. ‘Gender and tropical diseases in Nigeria’. In Wijeyaratine P (ed) Gender, health and sustainable development. Ottawa, Canada. IDRC.
Annandale E. and Hunt K. (eds.) 2000. Gender inqualities in health. Buckingham- Philadelphia.Open University Press.
Appiah-Kubi, K. 1981. Man cures, God heals: religion and medical practice among the Akans of Ghana.
New York. Friendship Press.
Barbour R.S. and Kitzinger J. (eds). 1999. Developing Focus group Research: Politics, theory and practice. London. Sage Publications.
Brown P. 1995. ‘Naming and framing: The social construction of diagnosis and illness’. Journal of Health and Social Behavior (Extra Issue) 34-52.
Bunton R, Nettleton S, Burrows R. (eds.). 1995. The sociology of health promotion: Critical analysis of consumption, lifestyle and risk. London. Routledge.
Cant, S. and Sharma, U. 1998. ‘Reflexivity, ethnography and the professions (complementary medicine): watching you watching me watching you (and writing about both of us)’. The Editorial Board of the Sociological Review: 244-263.
Cameron, E. and Bernades, J. 1998. ‘Gender and disadvantage in health: men’s health for a change.
Sociology of Health and Illness, 20(5):673-693.
Caplan, P. 2000. Risk revisited. London. Pluto Press.
Cooke, B. and Kothari, U. (eds.) 2001. Participation: the new tyranny? London. Zed Books. Dezin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y. 2000. Handbook of qualitative research. (2ⁿᵈ ed). Thousands Oaks. Sage Publications.
Feierman, S. 1985. ‘Struggles for control: the social roots of health and healing in Africa’. African Studies Review, 28 (2/3): 73-147.
Feldmeier, H, Poggensee, G, Krantz I, Helling-Giese, G. 1995. ‘Female genital schistosomiasis. New challenges from a gender perspective’. Trop. Geogr. Med. 47:S2-15.
Flick, U. 1998. ‘The social construction of individual and public health: Contributions of social representation theory to a social science of health’. Social Science Information, 37(11):639-662.
Frohlich, K.L. Corin, E. Potvin, L. 2001. ‘A Theoretical proposal for the relationship between context and disease’. Sociology of Health and Illness. 22(6):776-797.
Hahn, R.A. 1995. Sickness and healing: An anthropological perspective. New Haven.Yale University Press.
Hahn, R.A. (ed.) 1999. Anthropology in public health: ridging differences in culture and society.
New York. Oxford University Press.
Hertz R (ed.). 1997. Reflexivity and voice. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publications. Hornby, P. and Symon, G. 1994. ‘Tracer studies’. In Cassell C. and Symon G. Qualitative methods in organizational research: A practical guide. London. Sage Publications.
Hughes, C.C. and Hunter, J.M..1997. ‘Disease and development in Africa’. SSM 3: 443-93. Kvale. S. 1996. Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousands Oaks. Sage
Publications.
Lane, S.D. and Cibula, D.A. 2000. ‘Gender and health’. In Albrecht G.L, Fitzptrick R. and Scrimshaw S.C. Handbook of social studies in health and medicine. London. Sage Publications. Lorber, J. 1997.
Gender and the social construction of illness. Thousands Oaks. Sage Publications.
Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B. 1999. Designing qualitative research. Thousands Oaks. Sage Publications.
McElroy, A. and Jezewski, A. 2000. ‘Cultural variation in the experience of health and illness’. In Albrecht G.L, Fitzptrick R. and Scrimshaw S.C. Handbook of social studies in health and medicine. London. Sage Publications.
Oakley, A. 2000. Experiments in knowing: Gender and method in the social sciences. UK. Polity Press.
Onuaha, G.B.I. 1981. ‘Factors responsible for the under-utilisation of available health services by rural people in Nigeria’. East African Medical Journal. 58(11).
Poggensee, G., Kiwelu, I. Weger, V. Goppner, D. Diedrich, T. Krantz, I. Feldmeier, H. 2000. ‘Female genital schistosomiasis of the lower genital tract: prevalence and morbidity in Northern Tanzania’. J. Infect.Dis. 181(3):1210-3.
Poppen, P.J and Reisen, C.A. 1997. ‘Perception of risk and sexual self-protective behaviour: a methodological critique’. AIDS Education and Prevention, 9(4):373-390.
Seal C. 1999. The quality of qualitative research. London. Sage Publications.
Smith, J. H., Kamel, I. A., Elwi, A. M., von Lichtenberg, F. 1974. ‘A quantitative post mortem analysis of urinary schistosomiasis in Egypt’. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 23, 1054-1071.
Tierney, K.J. 1999. ‘Towards a critical sociology of risk’. Sociological Forum, 14(2):215-242.. WHO 1998. Gender and health. Technical paper, Geneva.
Van der Geest, S. 1995. ‘Overcoming ethnocentrism: How social science and medicine relate and should relate to one another’. Soc Sci Med. 40, 869-872.
Yelland, J. and Gifford, S. M. 1995. ‘Problems of focus group method in cross-cultural research: a case study of beliefs about sudden infant death syndrome’. Australian Journal of Public Health 19(3):257-263.