7 - ‘It’s Literacy, Stupid!’: Declining the Humanities in National Research Foundation (NRF) Research Policy
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 5 No 1 (2007): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
Dans cet article, on examine le rôle et la place des compétences en connaissances culturelles poussées dans la politique de la NRF et on soutient qu’il n’existe ni rôle ni place pour elles dans les politiques actuelles formulées. Par le biais d’une brève analyse des travaux de Goody et Gellner, cette étude soutient que ce vide en matière d’orientation ignore la force nécessaire et fondamentale que l’on reconnaît largement aux compétences en connaissances poussées dans la fonction et la constitution des États modernes et de leur économie. En ignorant cela, la NRF compromet sa mission d’appui au développement social et à la croissance économique en Afrique du Sud. L’étude soutient par ailleurs que la structure actuelle de l’appui sélectif à la recherche dans le domaine des humanités est susceptible d’avoir pour conséquence peut-être involontaire leur destruction sur le plan de la concurrence mondiale en raison de la pénalisation de l’activité de recherche fondamentale et de l’érosion de la reproduction qui en résulte. Tout compte fait, la politique actuelle de la NRF à l’égard des humanités apparaît comme un affaiblissement, dans toute l’acception du terme. Une situation à laquelle l’étude répond en utilisant le slogan préféré de Bill Clinton, «C’est de l’instruction, idiot».
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Alexander, N., 2007, ‘The Role of African Universities in the Intellectualisation of African Languages’, Journal of Higher Education in Africa, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 29–44.
- Anderson, B., 1983, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, New York: Verso.
- Barton, D., 1994, Literacy: An Introduction to the Ecology of the Written Word, Oxford: Blackwell.
- Clinton, B., 2005, My Life, London: Arrow Books.
- Collini, S., 2000, ‘Introduction’, in C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures, Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
- Department of Education, 1997, Education White Paper 3: A Programme for the Transformation of Higher Education, General Notice 1196 of 1997, Pretoria.
- Derrida, J., 1984, Otobiographies: L’Enseignement de Nietzsche et la Politique du Nom Propre, Paris: Galilée.
- Forbes, D., 1975, Hume’s Philosophical Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press.
- Foucault, M., 2002, Power: Essential Works of Foucault, Volume 3, trans. Robert Hurley et al., Harmondsworth: Penguin.
- Freire, P., 1970, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, New York: Continuum.
- Gellner, E., 1997, ‘Nationalism as a Product of Industrial Society’, in M. Guibernau and J. Rex, eds., The Ethnicity Reader, Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 67–93.
- Gibbon, T and Kabaki, J., 2002, ‘Staff’, in N. Cloete et al., eds., Transformation in Higher Education: Global Pressures and Local Realities in South Africa, Landsdowne: Juta. pp. 186–229.
- Goody, J., 1986, The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Goody, J. and Watt, I., 1968, ‘The Consequences of Literacy’, in J. Goody, ed., Literacy in Traditional Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 15-35.
- Gross, A. and Levitt, B. 1994, The Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and its Quarrel with Science, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
- Gumport, P., 2000, ‘Academic Restructuring: Organizational Change and Institu- tional Imperatives’, Higher Education, No. 39, pp. 67–91.
- Ha away, D., 1992, Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science, London and New York: Verso.
- Harding, S., ed., 1993, The ‘Racial’ Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Hardt, M. and Negri, A., 2005, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Em- pire, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
- Havelock, E.A., 1982, The Literate Revolution in Ancient Greece and Its Cultural Consequences, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Higgins, J., 1992, ‘Critical Literacies: English Studies Beyond the Canon’, Journal of Literary Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3–4, pp. 86–100.
- Higgins, J., 1998, ‘The Legacy of Raymond Williams’, English Academy Review, No. 14, pp. 30–48.
- Higgins, J., 1999, Raymond Williams: Literature, Marxism and Cultural Material- ism, London and New York: Routledge.
- Higgins, J., 2000, ‘Academic Freedom in the New South Africa’, boundary 2, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 151–73.
- Kuhn, T., 1970, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Latour, B., 2000, Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies, Cam- bridge: Harvard University Press.
- Leavis, F.R., 1972, Nor Shall My Sword: Discourses on Pluralism, Compassion and Social Hope, London: Chatto and Windus.
- Maasen, P. and Cloete, N., 2002, ‘Global Reform Trends in Higher Education’ in N. Cloete et al., eds., Transformation in Higher Education: Global Pressures and Local Realities in South Africa, Landsdowne: Juta. pp. 13–57.
- MacLuhan, M., 1962, The Gutenburg Galaxy, Toronto: Toronto University Press. Miyoshi, M., 1999, ‘“Globalization”, Culture and the University’ in F. Jameson and M. Miyoshi, eds., The Cultures of Globalization, Durham and London: Duke University Press. pp. 247–270.
- Miyoshi, M., 2000, ‘Ivory Tower in Escrow’, boundary 2, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 7–50.
- Olsen, D., 1988, ‘Mind and Media: The Epistemic Functions of Literacy’, Journal of Communications, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 254–79.
- Ong, W.J., 1982, Orality and Literacy, London: Methuen.Pattison, R., 1982, On Literacy: The Politics of the Word from Homer to the Age of Rock, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Plumb, J.H., ed., 1965, Crisis in the Humanities, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Prinsloo, M. and Breier, M., eds., 1996, The Social Uses of Literacy: Theory and Practice in Contemporary South Africa, Cape Town: SACHED. Readings, B., 1995, Oxford Literary Review, Vol. 17, Nos. 1–2.
- Readings, B., 1996, The University in Ruins, Harvard: Harvard University Press. Reddy, V., 2006, ‘The State of Mathematics and Science Education: Schools are Not Equal’ in S. Buhlungu et al., eds., State of the Nation: South Africa 2005-2006, Cape Town: HSRC Press. pp. 392–416.
- Said, E.W., 1983, The World, the Text and the Critic, London: Faber.
- Skinner, Q., 2002, Regarding Method, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Snow, C.P., 2000[1964], The Two Cultures, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sokal, A. and Bricmont, E., 1998, Intellectual Impostures, London: Profile.
- Street, P., ed., 1993, Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University
- Press.
- Trilling, L., 1967, Beyond Culture, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Weinberg, S., 1994, Dreams of a Final Theory, New York: Vintage.
- White, H., 1973, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe, Baltimore and London: John Hopkins University Press.
- Williams, R., 1975, The Country and the City, St Alban’s: Paladin.
- Williams, R., 2001[1984], ‘Writing, Speech and the “Classical”’ in J. Higgins, ed.,The Raymond Williams Reader, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 266–277.
- Williams, R., 1989, What I Came to Say, London: Hutchinson.
Les références
Alexander, N., 2007, ‘The Role of African Universities in the Intellectualisation of African Languages’, Journal of Higher Education in Africa, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 29–44.
Anderson, B., 1983, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, New York: Verso.
Barton, D., 1994, Literacy: An Introduction to the Ecology of the Written Word, Oxford: Blackwell.
Clinton, B., 2005, My Life, London: Arrow Books.
Collini, S., 2000, ‘Introduction’, in C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures, Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
Department of Education, 1997, Education White Paper 3: A Programme for the Transformation of Higher Education, General Notice 1196 of 1997, Pretoria.
Derrida, J., 1984, Otobiographies: L’Enseignement de Nietzsche et la Politique du Nom Propre, Paris: Galilée.
Forbes, D., 1975, Hume’s Philosophical Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press.
Foucault, M., 2002, Power: Essential Works of Foucault, Volume 3, trans. Robert Hurley et al., Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Freire, P., 1970, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, New York: Continuum.
Gellner, E., 1997, ‘Nationalism as a Product of Industrial Society’, in M. Guibernau and J. Rex, eds., The Ethnicity Reader, Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 67–93.
Gibbon, T and Kabaki, J., 2002, ‘Staff’, in N. Cloete et al., eds., Transformation in Higher Education: Global Pressures and Local Realities in South Africa, Landsdowne: Juta. pp. 186–229.
Goody, J., 1986, The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Goody, J. and Watt, I., 1968, ‘The Consequences of Literacy’, in J. Goody, ed., Literacy in Traditional Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 15-35.
Gross, A. and Levitt, B. 1994, The Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and its Quarrel with Science, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Gumport, P., 2000, ‘Academic Restructuring: Organizational Change and Institu- tional Imperatives’, Higher Education, No. 39, pp. 67–91.
Ha away, D., 1992, Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science, London and New York: Verso.
Harding, S., ed., 1993, The ‘Racial’ Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hardt, M. and Negri, A., 2005, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Em- pire, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Havelock, E.A., 1982, The Literate Revolution in Ancient Greece and Its Cultural Consequences, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Higgins, J., 1992, ‘Critical Literacies: English Studies Beyond the Canon’, Journal of Literary Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3–4, pp. 86–100.
Higgins, J., 1998, ‘The Legacy of Raymond Williams’, English Academy Review, No. 14, pp. 30–48.
Higgins, J., 1999, Raymond Williams: Literature, Marxism and Cultural Material- ism, London and New York: Routledge.
Higgins, J., 2000, ‘Academic Freedom in the New South Africa’, boundary 2, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 151–73.
Kuhn, T., 1970, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Latour, B., 2000, Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies, Cam- bridge: Harvard University Press.
Leavis, F.R., 1972, Nor Shall My Sword: Discourses on Pluralism, Compassion and Social Hope, London: Chatto and Windus.
Maasen, P. and Cloete, N., 2002, ‘Global Reform Trends in Higher Education’ in N. Cloete et al., eds., Transformation in Higher Education: Global Pressures and Local Realities in South Africa, Landsdowne: Juta. pp. 13–57.
MacLuhan, M., 1962, The Gutenburg Galaxy, Toronto: Toronto University Press. Miyoshi, M., 1999, ‘“Globalization”, Culture and the University’ in F. Jameson and M. Miyoshi, eds., The Cultures of Globalization, Durham and London: Duke University Press. pp. 247–270.
Miyoshi, M., 2000, ‘Ivory Tower in Escrow’, boundary 2, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 7–50.
Olsen, D., 1988, ‘Mind and Media: The Epistemic Functions of Literacy’, Journal of Communications, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 254–79.
Ong, W.J., 1982, Orality and Literacy, London: Methuen.Pattison, R., 1982, On Literacy: The Politics of the Word from Homer to the Age of Rock, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Plumb, J.H., ed., 1965, Crisis in the Humanities, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Prinsloo, M. and Breier, M., eds., 1996, The Social Uses of Literacy: Theory and Practice in Contemporary South Africa, Cape Town: SACHED. Readings, B., 1995, Oxford Literary Review, Vol. 17, Nos. 1–2.
Readings, B., 1996, The University in Ruins, Harvard: Harvard University Press. Reddy, V., 2006, ‘The State of Mathematics and Science Education: Schools are Not Equal’ in S. Buhlungu et al., eds., State of the Nation: South Africa 2005-2006, Cape Town: HSRC Press. pp. 392–416.
Said, E.W., 1983, The World, the Text and the Critic, London: Faber.
Skinner, Q., 2002, Regarding Method, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Snow, C.P., 2000[1964], The Two Cultures, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sokal, A. and Bricmont, E., 1998, Intellectual Impostures, London: Profile.
Street, P., ed., 1993, Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Trilling, L., 1967, Beyond Culture, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Weinberg, S., 1994, Dreams of a Final Theory, New York: Vintage.
White, H., 1973, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe, Baltimore and London: John Hopkins University Press.
Williams, R., 1975, The Country and the City, St Alban’s: Paladin.
Williams, R., 2001[1984], ‘Writing, Speech and the “Classical”’ in J. Higgins, ed.,The Raymond Williams Reader, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 266–277.
Williams, R., 1989, What I Came to Say, London: Hutchinson.