9 - University Crisis and Student Strikes in Africa: The Case of the University of Buea (Cameroon)
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 7 No 1-2 (2009): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
La crise qui s’accentue dans les universités africaines a eu de graves conséquences pour les étudiants qui sont confrontés à une détérioration dramatique de leurs conditions de vie et d’étude et à de sombres perspectives d’emploi. Le style autoritaire de gestion et le contrôle politique qui prévalent dans la plupart de ces universités constituent des obstacles redoutables pour les étudiants désireux de faire entendre leurs doléances et de s’organiser pour la défense de leurs intérêts. Toutefois, les étudiants africains ne semblent pas se résigner à leur sort et ont fait preuve d’un activisme croissant qui se reflète dans diverses formes de protestation, notamment les actions de grève. Cette étude se focalise sur deux récentes grèves violentes à l’Université anglophone de Buea (UB) dans le Cameroun anglophone. Comme la plupart des autres mouvements de protestation d’étudiants en Afrique au cours de l’actuel processus de libéralisation économique et politique, les étudiants de l’UB sont partis en grève pour tenter d’améliorer leurs conditions de vie et d’étude insatisfaisantes et de créer un espace démocratique à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’université. Ce qui a fait la particularité des grèves, c’est le fait qu’elles aient été inspirées par des sentiments profonds au niveau de la communauté des étudiants anglophones d’être plus opprimés et marginalisés que leurs homologues francophones, du fait de leur identité anglophone, par l’État postcolonial dominé par les Francophones.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Adams, Bouddih, 2005a, UB Students, Troops in another Bloody Clash, Post (Buea), 30 May.
- Adams, Bouddih, 2005b, Waiting for Abouem à Tchoyi Commission Report, Post (Buea), 7 July.
- Amutabi, Maurice, 2002, Crisis and Student Protest in Universities in Kenya: Examining the Role of Students in National Leadership and the Democratization Process, African Studies Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 157–178.
- Arranz, Laura, 2005, Cameroon Students on Hunger Strike, Afrol News, 25 April.
- Awasom, Nicodemus Fru, 2005, Globalization and Academic Freedom in Cameroon with Focus on the Anglo-Saxon University of Buea, in Bubtana, Abdalla, ed., Proceedings of the Academic Freedom Conference on Problems and Challenges in Arab and African Countries, Alexandria (Egypt), 10–11 September 2005. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 99–115.
- Azoro, Opio, 2006, Yaoundé Imposes Candidates on UB Medical School List, Post (Buea), 1 December.
- Caffentzis, George, 2000, The World Bank and Education in Africa, in Silvia Federici, Silvia, Caffentzis, George and Alidou, Ousseina, eds, A Thousand Flowers: Social Struggles against Structural Adjustment in African Universities. Trenton/Asmara: Africa World Press, pp. 3–18
- Chia, Charly Ndi, 2005, Lambi Declares: UBSU Recognised, UB Convocation for January 28, Post (Buea), 20 December.
- Dang, Pascal, 2006, Université de Buea: Les cours n’ont pas repris, Mutations (Douala), 8 December.
- Dibussi, Tande, 1991, What UniYao Students Really Want, Cameroon Life, Vol. 1, No.9, pp. 16–17.
- Dibussi, Tande, 2006, When History Repeats Itself: The Government Spin Machine and the UB Crisis, Scribbles from the Den, 21 December.
- Federici, Silvia, 2000, The New African Student Movement, in Mwara, Cheryl, Federici, Silvia and McLaren, Joseph, eds, African Visions: Literary Images, Political Change and Social Struggle in Contemporary Africa. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 49–66..
- Federici, Silvia and Caffentzis, George, 2000, Chronology of African University Students’ Struggles: 1985–1998, in Federici, Silvia, Caffentzis, George and Alidou, Ousseina, eds, A Thousand Flowers: Social Struggles against Structural Adjustment in African Universities. Trenton/Asmara: Africa World Press, pp. 115–150.
- Feko, Vincent, 2005, Making the SCNC Scapegoat in the University of Buea Crisis, Postwatch (Bamenda), 2 June.
- Gbadago, Mohammed Mensah Molua, 2005, University of Buea and its Second Baptism with Student Unrest, Herald (Yaoundé), 17 May.
- Jua, Nantang and Nyamnjoh, Francis, 2002, Scholarship Production in Cameroon: Interrogating a Recession, African Studies Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 49–71.
- Konings, Piet, 2002, University Students’ Revolt, Ethnic Militia and Violence during Political Liberalization in Cameroon, African Studies Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 179–204.
- Konings, Piet, 2004a, Trade-Union Activism among University Teachers during Cameroon’s Political Liberalisation, Nordic Journal of African Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 289–311.
- Konings, Piet, 2004b, Opposition and Social-Democratic Change in Africa: The Social Democratic Front in Cameroon, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 289–311.
- Konings, Piet, 2005, Anglophone University Students and Anglophone Nationalist Struggles in Cameroon, in Abbink, Jon and van Kessel, Ineke, eds, Vanguard or Vandals: Youth, Politics and Conflict in Africa. Leiden: Brill, pp. 161–188.
- Konings, Piet and Nyamnjoh, Francis, 2003, Negotiating an Anglophone Identity: A Study of the Politics of Recognition and Representation in Cameroon. Leiden: Brill.
- Lebeau, Yann, 1997, Étudiants et campus du Nigéria. Paris: Karthala.
- Lebeau, Yann and Ogunsanya, Mobolaji, eds, 2000, The Dilemma of Post-Colonial Universities. Ibadan: IFRA/Africa Book Builders.
- Manga, Pegue, 2005a, CAMSA President: Our Association Has Not Amassed Enough Clout, Post (Buea), 4 May.
- Manga, Pegue, 2005b, Varsity Strike: How Police Tortured, Looted and Raped in Buea,Post (Buea), 4 May.
- Manga, Pegue, 2005c, Gendarmes, UB Students Battle over Slain Comrade’s Corpse, Post (Buea), 9 May.
- Manga, Pegue, 2005d, Njeuma Orders UB Students: Resume Classes Today or Never, Post (Buea), 27 May.
- Manga, Pegue, 2005e, Fallout of UB Strike: Senate Cancels 2005 Convocation, Post (Buea), 22 August.
- Manga, Pegue, 2005f, UB Students Petition Biya, Post (Buea), 5 September.
- Manga, Pegue and Tambenkongho, Effa, 2005, UB Joins Varsity Strike: Students Sack Campus, Destroy Cars, Post (Buea), 2 May.
- Mbu, Aloysius, 1993, Civil Disobedience in Cameroon. Douala: Imprimerie Georges Frères.
- Mehler, Andreas, 1998, Cameroun and the Politics of Patronage, in Birmingham, David and Martin, Phyllis, eds, History of Central Africa: The Contemporary Years since 1960. London: Longman, pp. 43–65.
- Nana, Walter Wilson, 2006, UB Students Split over Resumption of Classes, Post (Buea), 15 December.
- Nana, Walter Wilson and Tah, Elvis, 2005, Minister Tells New UB VC: Enforce Social Dialogue, Good Governance, Post (Buea), 16 September.
- Njeuma, Dorothy et al., 1999, Reforming a National System of Higher Education: The Case of Cameroon, A Report of the Association for the Development of Education in Africa. Buea: University of Buea.
- Nkwi, Paul and Nyamnjoh, Francis, 1997, Regional Balance and National Integra- tion in Cameroon: Lessons Learned and the Uncertain Future. Leiden/Yaoundé: ASC/ICASSRT.
- Nyamnjoh, Francis, 1999, Cameroon: A Country United by Ethnic Ambition and Difference, African Affairs, Vol. 98, No. 390, pp. 101–118.
- Nyamnjoh, Francis and Jua, Nantang, 2002, African Universities in Crisis and the Promotion of a Democratic Culture: The Political Economy of Violence in African Educational Systems, African Studies Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 1–26.
- Pibasso, Mbog, 2005, Universités d’État: Les Politiques envahissent les campus, La Nouvelle Expression, 12 September.
- Schmidt-Soltau, Kai, 1999, Cameroon: Living on the Edge of a Volcano. Douala: Tencam Press.
- Shu, Christopher Ambe, 2005, Tension Resumes at UB: Students and VC in Sharp Disagreement over Exam Date, Unionism, Herald (Yaoundé), 10 June.
- Sumelong, Ernest, 2006, Two Shot Dead, Several Wounded in UB Strike, Post (Buea), 29 November.
- Sumelong, Ernest and Nana, Walter Wilson, 2007, UB Strike Pays Off, Post (Buea), 9 January.
- Synes, UB Branch, 2005a, Communiqué on the UB Crisis, Post (Buea), 29 April. Synes, UB Branch, 2005b, Communiqué on UB Stalemate, Post (Buea), 30 May. Takougang, Joseph and Krieger, Milton, 1998, African State in the 1990s: Cameroon’s Political Crossroads. Boulder, CO: Westview.
- Tanch, Joseph, 2005, Open Memorandum to the Presidential Fact-Finding Mission, Post (Buea), 23 May.
- UBSU Memorandum, 2005, UBSU-Minesup Accord, Post (Buea), 2 June.
- Zeilig, Leo, 2007, Revolt and Protest: Student Politics and Activism in Sub-Saharan Africa.
- London/New York: Tauris Academic Studies.
Les références
Adams, Bouddih, 2005a, UB Students, Troops in another Bloody Clash, Post (Buea), 30 May.
Adams, Bouddih, 2005b, Waiting for Abouem à Tchoyi Commission Report, Post (Buea), 7 July.
Amutabi, Maurice, 2002, Crisis and Student Protest in Universities in Kenya: Examining the Role of Students in National Leadership and the Democratization Process, African Studies Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 157–178.
Arranz, Laura, 2005, Cameroon Students on Hunger Strike, Afrol News, 25 April.
Awasom, Nicodemus Fru, 2005, Globalization and Academic Freedom in Cameroon with Focus on the Anglo-Saxon University of Buea, in Bubtana, Abdalla, ed., Proceedings of the Academic Freedom Conference on Problems and Challenges in Arab and African Countries, Alexandria (Egypt), 10–11 September 2005. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 99–115.
Azoro, Opio, 2006, Yaoundé Imposes Candidates on UB Medical School List, Post (Buea), 1 December.
Caffentzis, George, 2000, The World Bank and Education in Africa, in Silvia Federici, Silvia, Caffentzis, George and Alidou, Ousseina, eds, A Thousand Flowers: Social Struggles against Structural Adjustment in African Universities. Trenton/Asmara: Africa World Press, pp. 3–18
Chia, Charly Ndi, 2005, Lambi Declares: UBSU Recognised, UB Convocation for January 28, Post (Buea), 20 December.
Dang, Pascal, 2006, Université de Buea: Les cours n’ont pas repris, Mutations (Douala), 8 December.
Dibussi, Tande, 1991, What UniYao Students Really Want, Cameroon Life, Vol. 1, No.9, pp. 16–17.
Dibussi, Tande, 2006, When History Repeats Itself: The Government Spin Machine and the UB Crisis, Scribbles from the Den, 21 December.
Federici, Silvia, 2000, The New African Student Movement, in Mwara, Cheryl, Federici, Silvia and McLaren, Joseph, eds, African Visions: Literary Images, Political Change and Social Struggle in Contemporary Africa. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 49–66..
Federici, Silvia and Caffentzis, George, 2000, Chronology of African University Students’ Struggles: 1985–1998, in Federici, Silvia, Caffentzis, George and Alidou, Ousseina, eds, A Thousand Flowers: Social Struggles against Structural Adjustment in African Universities. Trenton/Asmara: Africa World Press, pp. 115–150.
Feko, Vincent, 2005, Making the SCNC Scapegoat in the University of Buea Crisis, Postwatch (Bamenda), 2 June.
Gbadago, Mohammed Mensah Molua, 2005, University of Buea and its Second Baptism with Student Unrest, Herald (Yaoundé), 17 May.
Jua, Nantang and Nyamnjoh, Francis, 2002, Scholarship Production in Cameroon: Interrogating a Recession, African Studies Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 49–71.
Konings, Piet, 2002, University Students’ Revolt, Ethnic Militia and Violence during Political Liberalization in Cameroon, African Studies Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 179–204.
Konings, Piet, 2004a, Trade-Union Activism among University Teachers during Cameroon’s Political Liberalisation, Nordic Journal of African Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 289–311.
Konings, Piet, 2004b, Opposition and Social-Democratic Change in Africa: The Social Democratic Front in Cameroon, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 289–311.
Konings, Piet, 2005, Anglophone University Students and Anglophone Nationalist Struggles in Cameroon, in Abbink, Jon and van Kessel, Ineke, eds, Vanguard or Vandals: Youth, Politics and Conflict in Africa. Leiden: Brill, pp. 161–188.
Konings, Piet and Nyamnjoh, Francis, 2003, Negotiating an Anglophone Identity: A Study of the Politics of Recognition and Representation in Cameroon. Leiden: Brill.
Lebeau, Yann, 1997, Étudiants et campus du Nigéria. Paris: Karthala.
Lebeau, Yann and Ogunsanya, Mobolaji, eds, 2000, The Dilemma of Post-Colonial Universities. Ibadan: IFRA/Africa Book Builders.
Manga, Pegue, 2005a, CAMSA President: Our Association Has Not Amassed Enough Clout, Post (Buea), 4 May.
Manga, Pegue, 2005b, Varsity Strike: How Police Tortured, Looted and Raped in Buea,Post (Buea), 4 May.
Manga, Pegue, 2005c, Gendarmes, UB Students Battle over Slain Comrade’s Corpse, Post (Buea), 9 May.
Manga, Pegue, 2005d, Njeuma Orders UB Students: Resume Classes Today or Never, Post (Buea), 27 May.
Manga, Pegue, 2005e, Fallout of UB Strike: Senate Cancels 2005 Convocation, Post (Buea), 22 August.
Manga, Pegue, 2005f, UB Students Petition Biya, Post (Buea), 5 September.
Manga, Pegue and Tambenkongho, Effa, 2005, UB Joins Varsity Strike: Students Sack Campus, Destroy Cars, Post (Buea), 2 May.
Mbu, Aloysius, 1993, Civil Disobedience in Cameroon. Douala: Imprimerie Georges Frères.
Mehler, Andreas, 1998, Cameroun and the Politics of Patronage, in Birmingham, David and Martin, Phyllis, eds, History of Central Africa: The Contemporary Years since 1960. London: Longman, pp. 43–65.
Nana, Walter Wilson, 2006, UB Students Split over Resumption of Classes, Post (Buea), 15 December.
Nana, Walter Wilson and Tah, Elvis, 2005, Minister Tells New UB VC: Enforce Social Dialogue, Good Governance, Post (Buea), 16 September.
Njeuma, Dorothy et al., 1999, Reforming a National System of Higher Education: The Case of Cameroon, A Report of the Association for the Development of Education in Africa. Buea: University of Buea.
Nkwi, Paul and Nyamnjoh, Francis, 1997, Regional Balance and National Integra- tion in Cameroon: Lessons Learned and the Uncertain Future. Leiden/Yaoundé: ASC/ICASSRT.
Nyamnjoh, Francis, 1999, Cameroon: A Country United by Ethnic Ambition and Difference, African Affairs, Vol. 98, No. 390, pp. 101–118.
Nyamnjoh, Francis and Jua, Nantang, 2002, African Universities in Crisis and the Promotion of a Democratic Culture: The Political Economy of Violence in African Educational Systems, African Studies Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 1–26.
Pibasso, Mbog, 2005, Universités d’État: Les Politiques envahissent les campus, La Nouvelle Expression, 12 September.
Schmidt-Soltau, Kai, 1999, Cameroon: Living on the Edge of a Volcano. Douala: Tencam Press.
Shu, Christopher Ambe, 2005, Tension Resumes at UB: Students and VC in Sharp Disagreement over Exam Date, Unionism, Herald (Yaoundé), 10 June.
Sumelong, Ernest, 2006, Two Shot Dead, Several Wounded in UB Strike, Post (Buea), 29 November.
Sumelong, Ernest and Nana, Walter Wilson, 2007, UB Strike Pays Off, Post (Buea), 9 January.
Synes, UB Branch, 2005a, Communiqué on the UB Crisis, Post (Buea), 29 April. Synes, UB Branch, 2005b, Communiqué on UB Stalemate, Post (Buea), 30 May. Takougang, Joseph and Krieger, Milton, 1998, African State in the 1990s: Cameroon’s Political Crossroads. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Tanch, Joseph, 2005, Open Memorandum to the Presidential Fact-Finding Mission, Post (Buea), 23 May.
UBSU Memorandum, 2005, UBSU-Minesup Accord, Post (Buea), 2 June.
Zeilig, Leo, 2007, Revolt and Protest: Student Politics and Activism in Sub-Saharan Africa.
London/New York: Tauris Academic Studies.