5 - Institutionalizing Gender-Based Violence Within African Democracies
Corresponding Author(s) : Kyunghee Kang
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 49 No 1 (2024): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Même si pour la législation internationale, l’éradication de la violence sexiste est un objectif essentiel de la promotion des droits humains et la réalisation du développement durable du monde, la violence contre les femmes n’a que très peu piqué l’intérêt des intellectuels et des universitaires. La prévalence de la violence sexiste est particulièrement préoccupante dans la région africaine, où divers facteurs socioculturels et institutionnels, discriminatoires en matière de genre, se traduisent souvent par des relations inégales de pouvoir entre les femmes et les hommes. Cet article examine les implications institutionnelles de la violence à l'égard des femmes en comparant l'Afrique du Sud et le Botswana, deux pays qui ont adopté des systèmes démocratiques après avoir obtenu leur indépendance du Royaume-Uni. Il souligne l'importance des Constitutions des deux pays et de la représentation des femmes en politique. En matière d’égalité des sexes et de droits humains, les divergences entre les approches juridiques et politiques des deux États met en évidence le rôle d’institutions sexospécifiques dans la prévalence de la violence à l’égard des femmes. Cet article révèle également les limites des stratégies existantes. Afin de résoudre la violence contre les femmes et de parvenir à la justice de genre, elle propose une meilleure compréhension des inégalités dans les relations de genre et de leur impact dans le cadre institutionne
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- Bauer, G., and Burnet, J.E., 2013, ‘Gender Quotas, Democracy, and Women’s Representation in Africa: Some Insights from Democratic Botswana and Autocratic Rwanda’, Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 103–112.
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- Caprioli, M., 2004, ‘Democracy and Human Rights versus Women’s Security: A Contradiction?’ Security Dialogue, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 411–428.
- Cohn, S.R., and Blumberg, R.L., eds, 2020, Gender and Development: The Economic Basis of Women’s Power, London: Sage.
- Datta, K., 2004, ‘A Coming of Age? Re-conceptualising Gender and Development in Urban Botswana’, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 251–268.
- De Jager, N., and Sebudubudu, D., 2017, ‘Towards Understanding Botswana and South Africa’s Ambivalence to Liberal Democracy’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 15–33.
- Dixon, R., and Roux, T., eds., 2018, Constitutional Triumphs, Constitutional Disappointments: A Critical Assessment of the 1996 South African Constitution’s Local and International Influence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Du Toit, P., 1995, State Building and Democracy in Southern Africa: Botswana, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
- Fallon, K., Swiss, L., and Viterna, J., 2012, ‘Resolving the Democracy Paradox: Democratization and Women’s Legislative Representation in Developing Nations, 1975 to 2009’, American Sociological Review, Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 380–408.
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- Gender Links (GL) and Women’s Affairs Department (WAD), 2012, The Gender Based Violence Indicators Study, Botswana, Gaborone: GL and WAD. http://genderlinks.org.za/wp-content/uploads/imported/articles/attachments/15554_ gbv_indicators_executivesummary.pdf, Accessed 2 September 2022.
- Goldblatt, B., 2018, ‘Violence against Women in South Africa: Constitutional Responses and Opportunities’, in Dixon, R. and Roux, T., eds., Constitutional Triumphs, Constitutional Disappointments: A Critical Assessment of the 1996 South African Constitution’s Local and International Influence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Groth, A.J., 1979, ‘The Institutional Myth: Huntington’s Order Revisited’, The Review of Politics, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 203–234.
- Heise, L., 1993, ‘Violence against Women: The Hidden Health Burden’, World Health Statistics Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 78–85.
- Huntington, S.P., 1968, Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Mackay, F., Kenny, M., and Chappell, L., 2010, ‘New Institutionalism Through a Gender Lens: Towards a Feminist Institutionalism?’ International Political Science Review, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 573–588.
- Ndulo, M., 2011, ‘African Customary Law, Customs, and Women’s Rights’, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 87–120.
- Office of the High Commission for Human Rights (OHCHR), 2017, Launch of CEDAW General Recommendation No. 35 on gender-based violence against women, updating General Recommendation No. 19 https://www.ohchr.org/en/treaty-bodies/cedaw/launch-cedaw-general-recommendation-no-35-gender- based-violence-against-women-updating-general Accessed 15 April 2022.
- Phillips, A., 1998, ‘Democracy and Representation: Or Why Should It Matter Who Our Representatives Are?’, in Phillips, A., ed., Feminism and Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Scribner, D., and Lambert, P.A., 2010, ‘Constitutionalizing Difference: A Case Study Analysis of Gender Provisions in Botswana and South Africa’, Politics and Gender, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 37–61.
- Selolwane, O.D., 1998, ‘Equality of Citizenship and the Gendering of Democracy in Botswana’, in Edge, W.A. and Lekorwe, M.H., eds, Botswana, Politics and Society, Pretoria: J.L. Schaik.
- Tournadre, J., 2022, The Politics of the Near: On the Edges of Protest in South Africa, New York: Fordham University Press.
- United Nations (UN), n.d., What is Domestic Abuse? https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/what-is-domestic-abuse Accessed 3 May 2022.
- United Nations General Assembly, 1993, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, Res. 48/104, New York: UN.
- University of Melbourne Library Guides, n.d. The South African Legal System, https://unimelb.libguides.com/c.php?g=929734&p=6718215 Accessed 17 April 2022.
- US Department of Justice, 2000, Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence: Findings from the National Violence Against Women, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.
- Van Allen, J., 2007, ‘Feminism and Social Democracy in Botswana’, Socialism and Democracy, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 97–124.
- Woodman, G.R., 2001, ‘Customary Law in Common Law Systems’, IDS Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 28–34.
- World Bank, 2022, Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SG.GEN.PARL.ZS?locations. Accessed 2 September 2022.
- World Health Organization (WHO), n.d., Global Database of Prevalence of Violence Against Women, https://vaw-data.srhr.org/ Accessed 9 May 2022.
- World Health Organization (WHO), 2021, Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates 2018 – Executive Summary, Geneva: World Health Organization.
Les références
Andersson, N., Ho-Foster, A., Mitchell, S., Scheepers, E., and Goldstein, S. 2007, ‘Risk factors for domestic physical violence: national cross-sectional household surveys in eight southern African countries’, BMC Women’s Health, Vol. 7, No. 11. https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6874-7-11
Bauer, G., and Burnet, J.E., 2013, ‘Gender Quotas, Democracy, and Women’s Representation in Africa: Some Insights from Democratic Botswana and Autocratic Rwanda’, Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 103–112.
Benería, L., Berik, G., and Floro, M.S., 2003, Gender, Development, and Globalization: Economics as if All People Mattered, Abingdon: Routledge.
Caprioli, M., 2004, ‘Democracy and Human Rights versus Women’s Security: A Contradiction?’ Security Dialogue, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 411–428.
Cohn, S.R., and Blumberg, R.L., eds, 2020, Gender and Development: The Economic Basis of Women’s Power, London: Sage.
Datta, K., 2004, ‘A Coming of Age? Re-conceptualising Gender and Development in Urban Botswana’, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 251–268.
De Jager, N., and Sebudubudu, D., 2017, ‘Towards Understanding Botswana and South Africa’s Ambivalence to Liberal Democracy’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 15–33.
Dixon, R., and Roux, T., eds., 2018, Constitutional Triumphs, Constitutional Disappointments: A Critical Assessment of the 1996 South African Constitution’s Local and International Influence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Du Toit, P., 1995, State Building and Democracy in Southern Africa: Botswana, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
Fallon, K., Swiss, L., and Viterna, J., 2012, ‘Resolving the Democracy Paradox: Democratization and Women’s Legislative Representation in Developing Nations, 1975 to 2009’, American Sociological Review, Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 380–408.
Gender Links (GL) and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), 2011, Gender Based Violence Indicators Research Report (Draft), Johannesburg: GL and SAMRC. http://genderlinks.org.za/wp-content/uploads/imported/articles/attachments/12769_gender_based_violence_indicators_research_ report_23february.pdf
Gender Links (GL) and Women’s Affairs Department (WAD), 2012, The Gender Based Violence Indicators Study, Botswana, Gaborone: GL and WAD. http://genderlinks.org.za/wp-content/uploads/imported/articles/attachments/15554_ gbv_indicators_executivesummary.pdf, Accessed 2 September 2022.
Goldblatt, B., 2018, ‘Violence against Women in South Africa: Constitutional Responses and Opportunities’, in Dixon, R. and Roux, T., eds., Constitutional Triumphs, Constitutional Disappointments: A Critical Assessment of the 1996 South African Constitution’s Local and International Influence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Groth, A.J., 1979, ‘The Institutional Myth: Huntington’s Order Revisited’, The Review of Politics, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 203–234.
Heise, L., 1993, ‘Violence against Women: The Hidden Health Burden’, World Health Statistics Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 78–85.
Huntington, S.P., 1968, Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mackay, F., Kenny, M., and Chappell, L., 2010, ‘New Institutionalism Through a Gender Lens: Towards a Feminist Institutionalism?’ International Political Science Review, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 573–588.
Ndulo, M., 2011, ‘African Customary Law, Customs, and Women’s Rights’, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 87–120.
Office of the High Commission for Human Rights (OHCHR), 2017, Launch of CEDAW General Recommendation No. 35 on gender-based violence against women, updating General Recommendation No. 19 https://www.ohchr.org/en/treaty-bodies/cedaw/launch-cedaw-general-recommendation-no-35-gender- based-violence-against-women-updating-general Accessed 15 April 2022.
Phillips, A., 1998, ‘Democracy and Representation: Or Why Should It Matter Who Our Representatives Are?’, in Phillips, A., ed., Feminism and Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scribner, D., and Lambert, P.A., 2010, ‘Constitutionalizing Difference: A Case Study Analysis of Gender Provisions in Botswana and South Africa’, Politics and Gender, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 37–61.
Selolwane, O.D., 1998, ‘Equality of Citizenship and the Gendering of Democracy in Botswana’, in Edge, W.A. and Lekorwe, M.H., eds, Botswana, Politics and Society, Pretoria: J.L. Schaik.
Tournadre, J., 2022, The Politics of the Near: On the Edges of Protest in South Africa, New York: Fordham University Press.
United Nations (UN), n.d., What is Domestic Abuse? https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/what-is-domestic-abuse Accessed 3 May 2022.
United Nations General Assembly, 1993, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, Res. 48/104, New York: UN.
University of Melbourne Library Guides, n.d. The South African Legal System, https://unimelb.libguides.com/c.php?g=929734&p=6718215 Accessed 17 April 2022.
US Department of Justice, 2000, Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence: Findings from the National Violence Against Women, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.
Van Allen, J., 2007, ‘Feminism and Social Democracy in Botswana’, Socialism and Democracy, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 97–124.
Woodman, G.R., 2001, ‘Customary Law in Common Law Systems’, IDS Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 28–34.
World Bank, 2022, Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SG.GEN.PARL.ZS?locations. Accessed 2 September 2022.
World Health Organization (WHO), n.d., Global Database of Prevalence of Violence Against Women, https://vaw-data.srhr.org/ Accessed 9 May 2022.
World Health Organization (WHO), 2021, Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates 2018 – Executive Summary, Geneva: World Health Organization.