4 - Surviving a Rabid Economy: The Current Cash Crisis and its Threat to Security and Governance in the Monetary Sector in Zimbabwe
Corresponding Author(s) : Enna Sukutai Gudhlanga
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 44 No 3 (2019): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur Argent, sécurité et gouvernance démocratique en Afrique (III)
Résumé
Une économie instable et les souffrances générales des Zimbabwéens ordinaires ont motivé la rédaction de cet article. Pour surmonter l’abjecte pauvreté qui prévaut, les Zimbabwéens ont mis au point toutes sortes de stratégies pour survivre aux ravages du système économique instable caractérisé par la crise monétaire actuelle. L’objectif de cet article était de découvrir les différents moyens utilisés par les Zimbabwéens pour survivre dans un environnement économique difficile. Des entretiens informels ont été menés, dans le quartier central des affaires de Harare, avec 10 citoyens ordinaires sélectionnés qui ont été durement touchés par la crise de liquidités et ont élaboré des moyens de survivre. La technique de la boule de neige a été utilisée pour identifier les répondants à l’étude. Celle-ci a révélé que les Zimbabwéens utilisent une multitude de stratégies pour survivre au statu quo actuel. L’ampleur des transactions illicites impliquées alors que les gens tentent de se procurer un insaisissable dollar était préoccupante. Alors qu’une grande partie des transactions illicites se font dans des contextes informels, les niveaux de productivité dans le secteur formel semblent en souffrir, avec beaucoup de temps de production perdu à la recherche de liquidités. Dans tout pays, il est recommandé de mener des consultations avec la population en général avant d’introduire des réformes monétaires, que le gouvernement mette fin aux échanges monétaires informels et illicites qui demeurent une menace à la fois pour la gouvernance et la sécurité nationale. Que soient développées des mesures strictes pour éradiquer la corruption dans toutes les couches de la société et que soient créées des lignes de communication ouvertes qui enregistrent le mécontentement de la population face aux politiques et aux systèmes monétaires actuels. L’étude n’est peut-être pas exhaustive, mais elle donne une idée des problèmes avec lesquels la population est aux prises.
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Barone, T.E., 1992, ‘Beyond theory and method: a case of critical storytelling’, Theory into Practice 31 (2) Qualitative Issues in Educational Research: 142–46.
- Bland, G., 2011, ‘Overcoming a decade of crisis: Zimbabwe’s local authorities in transition’, Public Administration and Development31 (5): 340–50.
- Bronner, S.E. and Kellner, D., 1989, Critical Theory and Society: A Reader, New York and London: Routledge.
- Cartage, A J., 2009, Focus on Zimbabwe, New York: Nova Science Publishers.
- Chetsanga, C.J. and Muchenje, T., 2003, ‘An analysis of the cause and effect of the brain drain in Zimbabwe’, Harare: Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre, http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000422/Zimbabwe_Brain_Drain.pdf, accessed 15 July 2017.
- Crush, J. and Tevera, D., eds, 2010, Zimbabwe’s Exodus: Crisis, Migration, Survival, Cape Town and Ottawa: Southern African Migration Programme, IDRC.
- Duri, F.T.P., 2010, ‘Informal negotiation of the Zimbabwe–Mozambique border for survival by Mutare’s marginalized people’, Journal of Developing Societies 26 (2): 125–63.
- Gaidzanwa, R., 1999, Voting with their Feet: Migrant Zimbabwean Nurses and Doctors in the Era of Structural Adjustment, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
- Gudhlanga, E.S. and Chirimuuta, C., 2014, ‘Marginalised or participants? Youth movements at the helm of ICTs in the democratic and economic reform processes in Zimbabwe: A case of Bindura District of Zimbabwe’, paper presented to the CODESRIA Conference on Youths and Social Movements, Tunis, Tunisia, 4–5 August.
- Magure, B. (2015)“Interpreting Urban Informality in Chegutu, Zimbabwe,’Journal of Asian and African Studies,pp1-17.
- Majoni, T., 2017, ‘Cash crisis drives grassroots corruption’, The Standard, 18 June 2017.
- Mlambo, A., 2017, ‘From an industrial powerhouse to a nation of vendors: over two decades of economic decline and deindustrialization in Zimbabwe 1990–2015’, Journal of Developing Societies 33 (1): 99–125.
- Munangagwa, C.L., 2009, ‘The economic decline of Zimbabwe’, Gettysburg Economic Review3, Article 9, http://cupola.gettsburg.edu/ger/vol13/issl/, accessed 10 July 2017.
- Ndoro, T., 2016, ‘Bond notes bode ill for Zimbabwe’s currency calamity’, Eureka Street 26 (24): 57–9, 2 April.
- New York Amsterdam News, 2016, ‘“Monopoly money” draws scorn from cash- strapped Zimbabweans’, 14 July.
- Pasura, D.M., 2008, ‘A fractured diaspora: strategies and identities among Zimbabweans in Britain’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Warwick.
- Raftopoulos, B. and Mlambo, A., 2008, Becoming Zimbabwe: A History from the Pre-colonial Period to 2008, Harare: Weaver Press.
- Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, 2016, ‘Press Statement on the introduction of the Bond note’, http://www.rbz.co.zw/assets/press-statement-the-introduction-of-bond-notes.pdf, accessed 27 June 2018 Steinhauser, G. and Mpofu, B., 2016, ‘Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe to launch parallel currency to alleviate dollar shortage’, Wall Street Journal, 30 November, p. 1.s TechZim, 2017, ‘Standard Chartered cancels the use of Visa cards outside of Zimbabwe’, http://www.techzim.co.zw/2017-02/standard-chatered-bank-cancels-the-use-of-visa-cards-outside-of-zimbabwe, accessed 27 June 2017.
- ZIMCODD, 2017, ‘Cash crisis, Bond notes and the Zimbabwean economy: the real problem’, https://www.google.co.zw/search?site=&source=hp&q=Cash+Crisis%2C+Bond, accessed 20 July 2017.
Les références
Barone, T.E., 1992, ‘Beyond theory and method: a case of critical storytelling’, Theory into Practice 31 (2) Qualitative Issues in Educational Research: 142–46.
Bland, G., 2011, ‘Overcoming a decade of crisis: Zimbabwe’s local authorities in transition’, Public Administration and Development31 (5): 340–50.
Bronner, S.E. and Kellner, D., 1989, Critical Theory and Society: A Reader, New York and London: Routledge.
Cartage, A J., 2009, Focus on Zimbabwe, New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Chetsanga, C.J. and Muchenje, T., 2003, ‘An analysis of the cause and effect of the brain drain in Zimbabwe’, Harare: Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre, http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000422/Zimbabwe_Brain_Drain.pdf, accessed 15 July 2017.
Crush, J. and Tevera, D., eds, 2010, Zimbabwe’s Exodus: Crisis, Migration, Survival, Cape Town and Ottawa: Southern African Migration Programme, IDRC.
Duri, F.T.P., 2010, ‘Informal negotiation of the Zimbabwe–Mozambique border for survival by Mutare’s marginalized people’, Journal of Developing Societies 26 (2): 125–63.
Gaidzanwa, R., 1999, Voting with their Feet: Migrant Zimbabwean Nurses and Doctors in the Era of Structural Adjustment, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
Gudhlanga, E.S. and Chirimuuta, C., 2014, ‘Marginalised or participants? Youth movements at the helm of ICTs in the democratic and economic reform processes in Zimbabwe: A case of Bindura District of Zimbabwe’, paper presented to the CODESRIA Conference on Youths and Social Movements, Tunis, Tunisia, 4–5 August.
Magure, B. (2015)“Interpreting Urban Informality in Chegutu, Zimbabwe,’Journal of Asian and African Studies,pp1-17.
Majoni, T., 2017, ‘Cash crisis drives grassroots corruption’, The Standard, 18 June 2017.
Mlambo, A., 2017, ‘From an industrial powerhouse to a nation of vendors: over two decades of economic decline and deindustrialization in Zimbabwe 1990–2015’, Journal of Developing Societies 33 (1): 99–125.
Munangagwa, C.L., 2009, ‘The economic decline of Zimbabwe’, Gettysburg Economic Review3, Article 9, http://cupola.gettsburg.edu/ger/vol13/issl/, accessed 10 July 2017.
Ndoro, T., 2016, ‘Bond notes bode ill for Zimbabwe’s currency calamity’, Eureka Street 26 (24): 57–9, 2 April.
New York Amsterdam News, 2016, ‘“Monopoly money” draws scorn from cash- strapped Zimbabweans’, 14 July.
Pasura, D.M., 2008, ‘A fractured diaspora: strategies and identities among Zimbabweans in Britain’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Warwick.
Raftopoulos, B. and Mlambo, A., 2008, Becoming Zimbabwe: A History from the Pre-colonial Period to 2008, Harare: Weaver Press.
Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, 2016, ‘Press Statement on the introduction of the Bond note’, http://www.rbz.co.zw/assets/press-statement-the-introduction-of-bond-notes.pdf, accessed 27 June 2018 Steinhauser, G. and Mpofu, B., 2016, ‘Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe to launch parallel currency to alleviate dollar shortage’, Wall Street Journal, 30 November, p. 1.s TechZim, 2017, ‘Standard Chartered cancels the use of Visa cards outside of Zimbabwe’, http://www.techzim.co.zw/2017-02/standard-chatered-bank-cancels-the-use-of-visa-cards-outside-of-zimbabwe, accessed 27 June 2017.
ZIMCODD, 2017, ‘Cash crisis, Bond notes and the Zimbabwean economy: the real problem’, https://www.google.co.zw/search?site=&source=hp&q=Cash+Crisis%2C+Bond, accessed 20 July 2017.