12 - Forced into Adulthood: An Exploration of Psycho-Social Dynamics in Child-headed Households
Corresponding Author(s) : Bernadette Muyomi
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 37 No 3 (2012): Afrique et développement: Special Issue on Parents’ Involvement in Children’s Lives in Africa
Résumé
Les foyers dont le chef est un enfant sont une forme d’organisation familiale que l’on trouve assez fréquemment sur la région côtière du Kenya et au-delà. La plupart de ces foyers sont le fait d’événements inattendus survenus dans la vie des parents et qui obligent les enfants à assumer des rôles sociaux normalement dévolus aux adultes. Si les enfants ont en principe des droits au même titre que les adultes, leur bien-être se trouve néanmoins compromis sans l’implication des parents dans leur vie ; ils sont ainsi privés des devoirs parentaux à leur égard. Les enfants des foyers dirigés par un enfant sont obligés d’assumer des responsabilités incompatibles avec leur âge. De ce fait, ils ne peuvent souvent profiter du confort insouciant de l’enfance, révélant ainsi un poids émotionnel, social et psychologique dont ils souffrent. Ces enfants finissent par développer plusieurs types de troubles psychosociaux dont notamment la perte d’estime de soi, le mariage précoce, la vulnérabilité au travail, à la prostitution, au trafic d’enfants et à l’exclusion sociale. Il s’agit d’un cercle vicieux et forcément récurrent, dans la mes re où ces enfants eux-mêmes deviendront aussi des parents à un jeune âge.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
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- UNICEF, United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child, (http:// www.unicef.org/crc/). 21 January 2012.
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Les références
African Union, ‘Africa Charter on the Rights and Welfare of Children’, Available online at http://www.acerwc.org/the-african-charter-on-the-rights-and- welfare-of-the-child-acrwc/. 7 February 2012.
Akama, John S., 1999, ‘The Evolution of Tourism in Kenya’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 6-25.
Children’s Act of Kenya 2001, (https://groups.google.com/group/crdmkenya/attach/b663bdcbbfb3e00c/Kenya+Childrens+Act+2001.pdf?hl=en&part=4). 12 February 2012.
Corey, G., 2005, Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Toronto: Brooks Cole Thomson Learning.
Crosson-Tower, C., 2005, Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect, 6th ed., Allyn and Bacon New York: Pearson Education, Inc.
Dattilio, F.M., & Freeman, A., eds., 2000, Cognitive Behavioural Strategies in Crisis Intervention, 2nd ed., London: The Guilford Press.
Dieke, Peter, 1991, ‘Policies for Tourism Development in Kenya’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 269-294.
Barnes, G.G., 1998, Family Therapy in Changing times, Hampshire: Palgrave.
Jones, Sarah C., 2006, ‘The Extent and Effect of Sex Tourism and Sexual Exploitation of Children on the Kenyan Coast’, (http://www.scribd.com/doc/46652365/ The-Extent-and-Effect-of-Sex-Tourism-and-Sexual-Exploitation-of-Children-
on-the-Kenyan-Coast-2007). 12 February 2012.
Langinger, N., 2011, ‘School Feeding Programs in Kenya: Transitioning to a Homegrown Approach’, Stanford Journal of International Relations, Vol. Xiii No. 1, pp. 30-37. Available online at http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjir/13-1/ kenya.pdf.
Maxwell, C.I., 1996, Breakthrough Parenting, Colorado Springs: Focus on the family Publishing.
Muyomi, B., 2009, Academic counseling: Handbook for School and College Counselors, Eldoret, Kenya: Champion Publications.
Ochiewo, Jacob, 2004, ‘Changing Fisheries Practices and their Socioeconomic Implications in South Coast Kenya’, Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 47, no. 7-8, pp. 389-408.
Ondimu, K.N., 2005, Risky Sexual Behavior Among Migrant Tea Workers in Kenya, Addis Ababa: Organization for Social Sciences Research in Eastern and Southern Africa.
Oucho, John, 2007, ‘Migration and Regional Development in Kenya’, Development, Vol. 50, pp. 88-93.
Sindiga, Isaac, 1999, ‘International Tourism in Kenya and the Marginalization of the Waswahili’, Tourism Management, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 425-432.
UNICEF, 2005, Early Marriage: A Harmful Traditional Practice, (http:// www.unicef.org/publications/index_26024.html). 28 January 2012.
UNICEF, United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child, (http:// www.unicef.org/crc/). 21 January 2012.
Wanda, P., 2007, Bringing up Children in a Permissive Society, Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa.