1 - On Student Access and Equity in a Reforming University: Makerere in the 1990s and Beyond
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 4 No 2 (2006): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
L’article analyse les questions d’accès et d’équité dans un contexte de profondes réformes, à l’Université de Makerere, en particulier, et dans le système de l’enseignement supérieur ougandais, en générale, depuis les années 90. Cette analyse essaie de définir l’évolution de l’accès des étudiants dans le temps, en établissant les éventuelles failles au niveau de la diversité de condition des étudiants, incluant les éléments suivants : l’emplacement, la classe, le genre. L’étude essaie également de définir la réponse de l’État (université) face à cette diversité, dans le contexte de réformes basées sur le marché. Le cœur de ce programme de réforme est la réduction de l’engagement financier de l’État envers l’enseignement supérieur et la mise en œuvre de stratégies financières alternatives, notamment celles liées à l’introduction du programme de sponsorat privé en 1992. Le système du sponsorat privé a considérablement augmenté l’admission d’étudiants payant leurs frais d’étude, et le nombre total d’étudiants dans l’enseignement supérieur ougandais s’est donc considérablement accrû. Cependant, ces acquis apparents en termes d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur ont été obscurcis par le faible niveau d’investissements utiles au niveau des infrastructures, provoquant ainsi des problèmes de sureffectifs, de charges d’enseignement excessives, de salles de cours démesurées et de faible niveau général. L’étude examine également la façon dont la dynamique gouvernementale/privée intervient dans le contexte d’un système d’éducation extrêmement fragile, dominé par des écoles urbaines, particulièrement celles du sud du pays ; elle vise également à montrer comment les différentes mesures de discrimination positive ont dans un certain sens reproduit les privilèges sociaux et ceux de classe.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Ahimbisibwe, F., 2005, ‘District Quota: New System, Old Woes’, New Vision, July 14.
- Ajayi, A.G.L. and Johnson, A., 1996, The African Experience with Higher Educa- tion. Accra: Association of African Universities.
- Altbach, P., 2005, ‘Contradictions of Academic Development: Exploiting the Pro- fessoriate and Weakening the University’, International Higher Education News- letter, Boston: Centre for International Higher Education.
- GMD (Gender Mainstreaming Division), 2004, A Situation Analysis Makerere University Gender Terrain, unpublished paper, Kampala.
- Kasozi, A.B.K., 2003, University Education in Uganda: Challenges and Opportu- nities for Reform, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- Kwesiga, C.J., 2002, From Elite to Mass Higher Education in Uganda: The Slough- ing of Makerere University, Paper presented at the International Conference on Women’s Worlds: Gains and Challenges, July 22-26, Makerere University, Kam- pala.
- Kwesiga, C.J., 2000, Women’s Access to Higher Education in Africa: Uganda’s Experience, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- Kwesiga, C.J., 1998, Gender and Development at Makerere University: Progress and Prospects, Paper Presented at a Workshop on: Mainstreaming gender at Makerere University, Kampala: Department of Women and Gender Studies, May 15-11.
- Makerere University Gender Mainstreaming Division, 2004, A Situation Analysis Makerere University Gender Terrain, Unpublished Paper, Kampala.
- Ministry of Education and Sports, 2004, Statistical Abstract for Secondary Schools Facilities, Kampala: Republic of Uganda.
- Musisi, N.B., and Muwanga, N.K., 2003, Makerere University in Transition 1993– 2000, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- Nakanyike, B.M., 1992, ‘Colonial and Missionary Education: Women and Domes- ticity in Uganda, 1900–45’, in K.T. Hansen African Encounters with Domestic- ity, Rutgers University Press.
- Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., 2004, ‘Public Universities, Private Funding: The Challenges in East Africa’, P. Tiyambe Zeleza and A. Olukoshi, eds., African Universities in the Twenty-First Century, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Obong, Q., 2004, Academic Dilemmas under Neo-Liberal Education Reforms: A Review of Makerere University, Uganda, in P. Tiyambe Zeleza and A. Olukoshi (eds.) African Universities in the Twenty-First Century, Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Ramsay, E. et al., 1998, Higher Education Access and Equity for Low SES School Leavers, Commonwealth of Australia.
- Tamale, S., 1999, When Hens Begin to Crow: Gender and Parliamentary Politics in Uganda , Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
- World Bank, 2001, A Chance to Learn: Knowledge and Finance for Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, Washington, DC: World Bank.
Les références
Ahimbisibwe, F., 2005, ‘District Quota: New System, Old Woes’, New Vision, July 14.
Ajayi, A.G.L. and Johnson, A., 1996, The African Experience with Higher Educa- tion. Accra: Association of African Universities.
Altbach, P., 2005, ‘Contradictions of Academic Development: Exploiting the Pro- fessoriate and Weakening the University’, International Higher Education News- letter, Boston: Centre for International Higher Education.
GMD (Gender Mainstreaming Division), 2004, A Situation Analysis Makerere University Gender Terrain, unpublished paper, Kampala.
Kasozi, A.B.K., 2003, University Education in Uganda: Challenges and Opportu- nities for Reform, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
Kwesiga, C.J., 2002, From Elite to Mass Higher Education in Uganda: The Slough- ing of Makerere University, Paper presented at the International Conference on Women’s Worlds: Gains and Challenges, July 22-26, Makerere University, Kam- pala.
Kwesiga, C.J., 2000, Women’s Access to Higher Education in Africa: Uganda’s Experience, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
Kwesiga, C.J., 1998, Gender and Development at Makerere University: Progress and Prospects, Paper Presented at a Workshop on: Mainstreaming gender at Makerere University, Kampala: Department of Women and Gender Studies, May 15-11.
Makerere University Gender Mainstreaming Division, 2004, A Situation Analysis Makerere University Gender Terrain, Unpublished Paper, Kampala.
Ministry of Education and Sports, 2004, Statistical Abstract for Secondary Schools Facilities, Kampala: Republic of Uganda.
Musisi, N.B., and Muwanga, N.K., 2003, Makerere University in Transition 1993– 2000, Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
Nakanyike, B.M., 1992, ‘Colonial and Missionary Education: Women and Domes- ticity in Uganda, 1900–45’, in K.T. Hansen African Encounters with Domestic- ity, Rutgers University Press.
Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., 2004, ‘Public Universities, Private Funding: The Challenges in East Africa’, P. Tiyambe Zeleza and A. Olukoshi, eds., African Universities in the Twenty-First Century, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Obong, Q., 2004, Academic Dilemmas under Neo-Liberal Education Reforms: A Review of Makerere University, Uganda, in P. Tiyambe Zeleza and A. Olukoshi (eds.) African Universities in the Twenty-First Century, Dakar: CODESRIA.
Ramsay, E. et al., 1998, Higher Education Access and Equity for Low SES School Leavers, Commonwealth of Australia.
Tamale, S., 1999, When Hens Begin to Crow: Gender and Parliamentary Politics in Uganda , Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
World Bank, 2001, A Chance to Learn: Knowledge and Finance for Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, Washington, DC: World Bank.