4 - The Private Provision of Higher Education in Ethiopia: Growth, Challenges, and Prospects*
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 6 No 1 (2008): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
Depuis la chute du Derg en 1991, le Gouvernement d’Éthiopie a entrepris un certain nombre de réformes dans le secteur de l’enseignement supérieur. Ces ré- formes ont été dictées par la nécessité de corriger les déséquilibres géographiques et structurels au niveau du système de l’enseignement supérieur, la demande de plus en plus complexe aussi bien du secteur public que du secteur privé en expan- sion pour des employés de qualité et le contexte en évolution de la concurrence économique internationale. Les éléments clefs de ces réformes sont les suivants: élargissement de l’accès; traitement de la répartition géographique de l’accès; amélioration de la qualité; la promotion de la concurrence au niveau des disposi- tions de l’enseignement supérieur en tenant compte de la privatisation. Depuis la mise en œuvre de ces réformes, le secteur de l’enseignement supérieur privé s’est développé de façon considérable en favorisant un accès amélioré à l’enseignement supérieur et la diversification des programmes d’enseignement supérieur. L’émer- gence d’un secteur d’enseignement supérieur pluraliste présente des menaces et des opportunités ; ce qui a par conséquent suscité un débat d’intérêt public dans le pays. Cependant, il n’y a pas suffisamment d’analyse sur le secteur qui puisse servir de base pour la prise de décision. Le présent document traite de ce problème. Il vise à fournir les informations relatives au secteur de l’enseignement supérieur privé en Ethiopie. Le document examine dans un premier temps les caractéristiques générales de la privatisation du secteur et sa contribution à l’élargissement de l’accès et à la création de nou- velles connaissances à travers la recherche. Le document examine également l’impact probable des fournisseurs pluriels sur la qualité et les options politiques adop- tées par le gouvernement. L’analyse indique que le secteur privée contribue de façon significative à l’élargissement de l’enseignement supérieur en Ethiopie, notamment en ce qui concerne l’élargissement de l’accès aux femmes et la pro- duction d’une main-d’œuvre technique de niveau intermédiaire dont a besoin l’éco- nomie éthiopienne en expansion. L’analyse indique également qu’en raison de la taille relativement petite de la privatisation du secteur et des exigences réglemen- taires strictes sur les types de cours et des programmes qu’elles offrent, l’ensei- gnement supérieur privé n’est pas susceptible de menacer dans le court terme la qualité moyenne de l’enseignement supérieur en Ethiopie. Il serait en ce moment prématuré de nourrir des inquiétudes sur la qualité. Cependant, en raison des contraintes de capital et de capacité, les ambitions du secteur de contribuer à la création de nouvelles demeurent limitées.
En fin, le document soutient que l’avenir de la privatisation de l’enseignement supérieur en Ethiopie dépend sérieusement du développement du secteur public. Dans le court et moyen terme, l’essentiel de la population active sera pourvue par le secteur de l’enseignement supérieur public. Elle dépendra également de la crois- sance de l’économie éthiopienne, des politiques gouvernementales notamment en ce qui concerne l’expansion du secteur public, du comportement, de la perfor- mance et de la conduite des institutions de l’enseignement supérieur public et des exigences réglementaires. Le document aborde également la nécessité de la re- cherche supplémentaire pour mieux appréhender les contraintes et les possibilités du secteur.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Altbach, P. G., 1999, Private Prometheus: Private Higher Education and Devel- opment in the 21st Century, Center for International Higher Education, School of Education, Boston College.
- Bedasso, B. E., 2006, Human Capital Investment and Labor Market Signaling in Developing Countries: Evidences from Ethiopia. Unpublished Masters The- sis, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen.
- Bourne, R. (ed.), 2000, Universities and Development: A Report on the socio- economic role of universities in the developing countries of the Common- wealth, London: Association of Commonwealth Universities.
- Castro, C.D. and D.C. Levy, 2000, Myth, Reality, and Reform: Higher Education Policy in Latin America, Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Ministry of Education, 2005, Education Sector Development Program (ESDP) III (2005/06–2010/11: Program Action Plan. Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
- Government of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education (MoE), Education Statistics An- nual Abstract 1996 E.C., 2003/04, Education Management Information Sys- tems, January 2005.
- Government of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education (MoE), Education Statistics An- nual Abstract 1994 E.C., 2001/02, Education Management Information Sys- tems, September 2002.
- Government of Ethiopia, Higher Education Relevance and Quality Agency (HERQA), 2007, Information about Accredited and Pre-accredited Institu- tions, at www.higher.edu.et
- Government of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education (MoE), Higher Education Strat- egy Centre (HESC) 2005, Interim Report: Options for Support of the Private Higher Education Sector in Ethiopia, November at www.higher.edu.et
- Haile-Gebriel, A., 2004, ‘Enhancing Public-Private Partnerships for Development of Competitive Higher Education in Ethiopia: Some Reflections on Private
- Higher Education’ in the Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Private Higher Education in Ethiopia, July 2004.
- Kapu, D. and P. B. Mehta. 2004, ‘Indian Higher Education Reform: From Half- Baked Socialism to Half-Baked Capitalism’, Harvard University Center for International Development (CID) Working Paper No. 108.
- Kassahun, A and Zeleke, H., 2006, ‘Policy Options on Public–Private Partnership for the Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions’, paper prepared for the Higher Education Strategy Centre/HERQA, Government of Ethiopia at www.higher.edu.et
- Marin, J. P. A., 2001, ‘Educational Reform in Chile’ in CEPAL Review 73, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
- Nwuke, K., 2003, ‘Higher Education, Economic Growth, and Information Tech- nology in Africa: Some Challenges and Issues’ in Beebe, M.A; Kouakou, K.M; Oyeyinka B.O; and Rao, M (eds.). AfricaDotEdu: IT Opportunities and Higher Education in Africa, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill.
- Nwuke, K., 2001, ‘Issues in higher education, economic growth, and information technology’, Background Paper, Ad-Hoc Expert Group Meeting, Reforms in Higher Education and the Use of Information Technology (19-21 November), Nairobi, Kenya, 16 pp.
- Nwuke, K., 2005, ‘Emerging Prometheus: Private Provision of Higher Education in Africa’, Scholar (Journal of the Academic Staff Union of Nigerian Univer- sities), September 2005.
- Souza, P. R., 2001, ‘Education and Development in Brazil, 1995–2000’ in CEPAL Review 73, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The Task Force on Higher Education and Society, 2000, Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise, Washington, D.C: The World Bank.
- The World Bank, 2002, Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
- The World Bank, 2003, Higher Education Development for Ethiopia: Pursuing the Vision, World Bank Sector Study, Washington, DC: The World Bank.
- Teferra, D. and Philip G. Altbach, eds., 2003, African Higher Education: An In- ternational Reference Handbook, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Yizengaw, T. (n.d), ‘Education Financing and Cost Sharing in the Ethiopian Higher Education Landscape’, accessed at www.gse.buffalo.edu/org/inthigheredfinance/Publications/Teshome _01-31-07.pdf
- Woldehanna, T. and Jones, N., 2006, ‘How Pro-Poor Is Ethiopia’s Education Ex- pansion? A Benefit Incident Analysis of Education Since 1995/96, Young Lives’, Save the Children UK, London.
- Wolf, A., 2002, Does Education Matter? Myths About Education and Economic Growth, London: Penguin Books.
Les références
Altbach, P. G., 1999, Private Prometheus: Private Higher Education and Devel- opment in the 21st Century, Center for International Higher Education, School of Education, Boston College.
Bedasso, B. E., 2006, Human Capital Investment and Labor Market Signaling in Developing Countries: Evidences from Ethiopia. Unpublished Masters The- sis, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen.
Bourne, R. (ed.), 2000, Universities and Development: A Report on the socio- economic role of universities in the developing countries of the Common- wealth, London: Association of Commonwealth Universities.
Castro, C.D. and D.C. Levy, 2000, Myth, Reality, and Reform: Higher Education Policy in Latin America, Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. Ministry of Education, 2005, Education Sector Development Program (ESDP) III (2005/06–2010/11: Program Action Plan. Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Government of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education (MoE), Education Statistics An- nual Abstract 1996 E.C., 2003/04, Education Management Information Sys- tems, January 2005.
Government of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education (MoE), Education Statistics An- nual Abstract 1994 E.C., 2001/02, Education Management Information Sys- tems, September 2002.
Government of Ethiopia, Higher Education Relevance and Quality Agency (HERQA), 2007, Information about Accredited and Pre-accredited Institu- tions, at www.higher.edu.et
Government of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education (MoE), Higher Education Strat- egy Centre (HESC) 2005, Interim Report: Options for Support of the Private Higher Education Sector in Ethiopia, November at www.higher.edu.et
Haile-Gebriel, A., 2004, ‘Enhancing Public-Private Partnerships for Development of Competitive Higher Education in Ethiopia: Some Reflections on Private
Higher Education’ in the Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Private Higher Education in Ethiopia, July 2004.
Kapu, D. and P. B. Mehta. 2004, ‘Indian Higher Education Reform: From Half- Baked Socialism to Half-Baked Capitalism’, Harvard University Center for International Development (CID) Working Paper No. 108.
Kassahun, A and Zeleke, H., 2006, ‘Policy Options on Public–Private Partnership for the Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions’, paper prepared for the Higher Education Strategy Centre/HERQA, Government of Ethiopia at www.higher.edu.et
Marin, J. P. A., 2001, ‘Educational Reform in Chile’ in CEPAL Review 73, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
Nwuke, K., 2003, ‘Higher Education, Economic Growth, and Information Tech- nology in Africa: Some Challenges and Issues’ in Beebe, M.A; Kouakou, K.M; Oyeyinka B.O; and Rao, M (eds.). AfricaDotEdu: IT Opportunities and Higher Education in Africa, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill.
Nwuke, K., 2001, ‘Issues in higher education, economic growth, and information technology’, Background Paper, Ad-Hoc Expert Group Meeting, Reforms in Higher Education and the Use of Information Technology (19-21 November), Nairobi, Kenya, 16 pp.
Nwuke, K., 2005, ‘Emerging Prometheus: Private Provision of Higher Education in Africa’, Scholar (Journal of the Academic Staff Union of Nigerian Univer- sities), September 2005.
Souza, P. R., 2001, ‘Education and Development in Brazil, 1995–2000’ in CEPAL Review 73, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The Task Force on Higher Education and Society, 2000, Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise, Washington, D.C: The World Bank.
The World Bank, 2002, Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
The World Bank, 2003, Higher Education Development for Ethiopia: Pursuing the Vision, World Bank Sector Study, Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Teferra, D. and Philip G. Altbach, eds., 2003, African Higher Education: An In- ternational Reference Handbook, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Yizengaw, T. (n.d), ‘Education Financing and Cost Sharing in the Ethiopian Higher Education Landscape’, accessed at www.gse.buffalo.edu/org/inthigheredfinance/Publications/Teshome _01-31-07.pdf
Woldehanna, T. and Jones, N., 2006, ‘How Pro-Poor Is Ethiopia’s Education Ex- pansion? A Benefit Incident Analysis of Education Since 1995/96, Young Lives’, Save the Children UK, London.
Wolf, A., 2002, Does Education Matter? Myths About Education and Economic Growth, London: Penguin Books.