5 - Vying for Legitimacy: Academic vs. Corporate Culture
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 5 No 1 (2007): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
Suivant la tendance générale déjà en vigueur dans le monde occidental, les univer- sités publiques d’Afrique du Sud, en recherchant d’autres sources de revenus et en faisant face aux exigences de la politique d’orientation pour la transformation, ont adopté le modèle de gestion de l’entreprise comme étant le système d’organisation de l’enseignement le plus efficient aujourd’hui. Elles ouvrent ainsi la porte aux activités et aux processus tels que la commercialisation, la recherche appliquée et la recherche de contrats ainsi que le développement de liens plus solides avec les parties prenantes extérieures. Cette étude s’interroge sur la légitimité de la marchandisation de la recherche intellectuelle. Les considérations d’ordre finan- cier et idéologique justifient-elles l’adoption d’un système de gestion de l’entre- prise dans l’enseignement ? La rentabilité, qui est un phénomène mondial par na- ture, et qui est en train d’accélérer la mutation sociale, peut-elle légitimer au sein de l’université en Afrique du Sud les pratiques propres à l’entreprise sans affecter son caractère d’établissement public, et le rôle de chaque membre ? L’auteur soutient que les revendications en faveur de la légitimité de la forme actuelle de la rationa- lisation de l’université servent à institutionnaliser le pouvoir de l’entreprise dans les établissements d’enseignement en le faisant apparaître comme valable et accep- table. Bien que le terme puisse être complexe, le sens générique de « légitimité » se réfère toutefois aux « droits » : le droit de revendiquer, le droit de s’interroger pour savoir si les procédures correctes ont été suivies, et enfin, le droit d’évaluer pour savoir si une politique ou un système sert l’intérêt de toutes les personnes concer- nées. Ainsi, en définissant la notion « d’agir dans le bon sens », n’importe quel discours sur la légitimité, en tenant compte d’une grande diversité d’opinions, trai- tera d’abord des valeurs et de la reconnaissance des aspirations humaines.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- Readings, B., 1996, The University in Ruins, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Redfield, M., 2001, ‘Theory, Globalization, Cultural Studies, and the Remains of the University’, Diacritics, Vol. 31, No.3, pp. 3–14.
- Sawyerr, A., n.d., ‘Challenges Facing African Universities. Selected Issues’. (http://www.african studies.org/ChallengesFacingAfricanUniversities.pdf). May 2006. Seepe, S., 2004, ‘Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Higher Education in South Africa’, Lecture delivered to the joint conference of the South African Associa- tion for Research and Development in Higher Education and The Productive Learning Cultures Project, Durban, South Africa.(http://www2.alliant.edu/gsoe/ccsjournal/IndigenousKnowledgeSystemsandHigherEducation.pdf ). September 2006.
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Les références
Allan, K., 2005, Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Arendt, H., 1977, Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought, New York: Penguin Books.
Baudrillard, J., 1998, Consumer Society: Myths and Structures, London: Sage Publications. Baudrillard, J., 1983, Simulations, New York: Semiotext(e).
Calhoun, C., 2002, ‘Structural Transformation of the University: Contradictory Ideals and Institutional Compromises in American Higher Education’, (http://www.ssrc.org/program/ calhoun/publications/HigherEd.pdf). September 2006.
Chachage, C. L. S., 2001, ‘Higher Education Transformation and Academic Exterminism’, CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 3–10.
Education White Paper 3: A Programme for the Transformation of Higher Educa- tion, 24 July, General Notice 1196 of 1997. (http://www.che.org.za/documents/d000005/index/php). November 2004.
Emdon, C., 2004, ‘Civil Service to Recruit in India, Iran’, Sunday Times, May 16, p.13. Jansen, J., 2005, ‘When Does a University Cease to Exist?’ Fortieth Hoernle Me- morial Lecture, Mail & Guardian, January 28–February 13.
Jansen, J., 2006, ‘Accounting for Autonomy’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: Uni- versity Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara, Africa World Press, Inc. pp. 11–21.
Johnson, B. and Cross, M., 2004, ‘Academic Leadership under Siege: Possibilities and Limits of Executive Deanship’, South African Journal of Higher Educa- tion, Vol.18, No.2, pp. 34–58.
Kant, I., 1992[1798], The Conflict of the Faculties, trans. M.J. Gregor, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Khumalo, F., 2004, ‘Mending the Severed Artery’, Interview with Es’kia Mphahlele, Thisday, May 14, p.7.
Koen, C., 2003, ‘Moving toward Uncertainty: Higher Education Restructuring in South Africa’, Center for International Higher Education, Boston College, Number 32, pp. 12–13. (http://www.bc. edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/newsletter/News32/text007.htm). July 2006.
Lankshear, C., 1999, ‘Information, Knowledge and Learning: Rethinking Episte- mology for Education in a Digital Age’, Keynote address, Vth National Con- gress of Educational Research, Aguacalientes, Mexico, 31 October. (http://www.geocities.com/c.lankshear/information.html). August 2004.
Lyotard, J.-F., 1984, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Man- chester: Manchester University Press.
Makgoba, M., 1999, African Renaissance: The New Struggle, Sandton: Mafube. Makgoba, M., 2004, ‘From Dead Weight to the African University’, Thisday, June 7, p.11.
Makgoba, M. and Seepe, S., 2004, ‘Knowledge and Identity: an African Vision of Higher Education Transformation’, Towards an African Identity of Higher Edu- cation, Pretoria: Skotaville Media and Vista University.
Mbeki, T., 2006, ‘State of the Nation Address’, February 3. (http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/ history/mbeki/2006/tm0203.html).
Mills, G., 2006, ‘Unpractical Graduates Wanted’, Business Day, November 24, p.13.
Mseleku, T., 2004, ‘African Scholarship: Some Challenges Facing Intellectuals in South African Higher Education Institutions’, Ingede. Journal of African Schol-arship, Vol.1, No.2 (http://ingedej.ukzn.ac.za). September 2006.
Mvoko, V., 2006, ‘Homecoming: The Return of the Baas from Abroad is too much for Me’, Sunday Times, February 19.
Nekhwevha, F., 2004, ‘A Discourse on the Africanisation of Curriculum in South African Higher Education Modules’, Paper delivered at the University of South Africa, Pretoria, June 7, 2004.
Nethersole, R., 2001, ‘The Priceless Interval: Theory in the Global Interstice’, Dia- critics, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 30–56.
Nkoane, M.M., 2005, ‘African University: the Evolving Self’, (www.interaction.nu.ac.za/SAARD HE2005/full%20papers/NKOANE,%20MM.doc). August 2006.
Newman, J. H., 1996[1899], The Idea of a University, New Haven, CT: Yale Uni- versity Press.
Noble, D. F., 2002, ‘Technology and the Commodification of Higher Education’, Monthly Review, Vol.53, No. 10. (http://www.monthlyreview.org/0302noble.htm). April 2004.
Pick, D., 2004, ‘The Reflexive Modernization of Australian Universities’,Globalisation, Societies and Education, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 99–116.
Pityana, B., 2004, ‘Unisa Beyond the Decade of Democracy’. (http://lsa.unisa.ac.za/news/archive/ 2004/august/vol2/unisa/html). September 2005.
Readings, B., 1996, The University in Ruins, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Redfield, M., 2001, ‘Theory, Globalization, Cultural Studies, and the Remains of the University’, Diacritics, Vol. 31, No.3, pp. 3–14.
Sawyerr, A., n.d., ‘Challenges Facing African Universities. Selected Issues’. (http://www.african studies.org/ChallengesFacingAfricanUniversities.pdf). May 2006. Seepe, S., 2004, ‘Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Higher Education in South Africa’, Lecture delivered to the joint conference of the South African Associa- tion for Research and Development in Higher Education and The Productive Learning Cultures Project, Durban, South Africa.(http://www2.alliant.edu/gsoe/ccsjournal/IndigenousKnowledgeSystemsandHigherEducation.pdf ). September 2006.
Seepe, S., 2005, ‘Preserving the Intellectual Freedom in our Institutions: Making the Pedagogical More Political and the Political more Pedagogical’, Gradua- tion address given on May 10 at Tshwane University of Technology. (http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/lees.php?id=481). September 2006.
Southall, R. and Cobbing, J., 2006, ‘From Racial Liberalism to Corporate Authori- tarianism’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apart- heid South Africa, Asmara, Africa World Press, Inc. pp. 23–38.
van der Walt, L., 2004, ‘University Restructuring: Whose Gain, Whose Pain, Whose Transformation?’, Alternatives. (http://www.alternatives.ca/article1236.html).May 2006.