9 - Indicators of Higher Education and the Public Good in Africa: A Dashboard Approach
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 20 No 2 (2022): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique: Numéro spécial sur Conceptualiser et rechercher le rôle du bien public des universités en Afrique
Résumé
Les indicateurs et les métriques ont gagné en importance dans l’enseignement supérieur international ces dernières années, et les classements mondiaux sont devenus une force puissante pour façonner les idées sur ce qu’est et devrait être l’université. Pourtant, ces mesures ne parviennent pas à saisir le rôle général de l’institution, et en particulier à reconnaître ses actions dans la promotion du bien public et la lutte contre les inégalités. Les établissements d’enseignement supérieur africains ont du mal à bien performer dans les classements conventionnels, dont les indicateurs reposent sur des ressources importantes pour la recherche de haut niveau. Cet article explore les possibilités de mesures alternatives pour comprendre la contribution des universités au bien public dans le contexte de quatre pays africains : le Ghana, le Kenya, le Nigeria et l’Afrique du Sud. Après avoir évalué les lacunes des indicateurs et métriques existants, et les défis de la disponibilité des données, il propose une approche de tableau de bord comme nouveau modèle possible. Les tableaux de bord ont l’avantage d’éviter l’amalgame de diverses qualités d’importance et permettent de comparer les différents profils d’une institution. L’article propose six éléments principaux pour le tableau de bord: solidarité avec la société, accès équitable et espace délibératif (qui correspondent à la notion intrinsèque de bien public) ; et les destinations des diplômés, la production de connaissances et l’engagement communautaire (qui correspondent à des notions instrumentales). Enfin, les défis de la mise en œuvre de mesures de bien public dans la pratique sont discutés.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- ARWU, 2019, Academic Rankings of World Universities, ARWU, http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU-Methodology-2019.html
- Atherton, G., Dumangane, C., and Whitty, G., 2016, Charting Equity in Higher Education: Drawing the Global Access Map, New York: Pearson.
- Ball, S. J., 2012, Performativity, Commodification and Commitment: An I-Spy Guide to the Neoliberal University. British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 17–28.
- Carnegie Classification, 2019, ‘Definitions and Methodology: Basic Classification Description’, The Carnegie Classification of Institutions, https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/classification_descriptions/basic.php
- Cloete, N., Bailey, T., Pillay, P. and Maassen, P., 2011, Universities and Economic development in Africa, Cape Town: CHET.
- Desrosieres, A., 2001, How ‘Real’ Are Statistics? Four Possible Attitudes, Social Research, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 339–355.
- Espeland, W. N., and Stevens, M. L., 2008, A Sociology of Quantification, Journal of Sociology, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 401–436.
- Hatton, T. J., and Bailey, R. E., 2001, Women’s Work in Census and Survey, 1911–1931, Economic History Review, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 87–107.
- Hazelkorn, E., 2011, Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World ClassExcellence, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Hazelkorn, E., 2014, Rankings and the Construction of Knowledge in the Age of Austerity, in Assessment for Sustainable Transformation: Redefining Quality of Higher Education, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 25-48.
- Howell, C., 2003, Access and Participation for Students with Disabilities in South African Higher Education: Challenging Accepted Truth and Recognising New Possibilities. Perspectives in Higher Education, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 59–74.
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- Locatelli, R., 2017, Education as a Public Good and Common Good: Revisiting the Role of the State in a Context of Growing Marketization, Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bergamo.
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- Marginson, S., 2016, The Worldwide Trend to High Participation Higher Educa- tion: Dynamics of Social Stratification in Inclusive Systems, Higher Education, Vol. 72, pp. 413–434.
- Marope, M., and Wells, P., 2013, University Rankings: The Many Sides of the Debate, in Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education: Uses and Misuses. UNESCO.
- Marope, P. T. M., Wells, P. J. and Hazelkorn, E., 2013, Rankings and accountability in higher education: Uses and Misuses. UNESCO.
- McCowan, T., 2016, Three Dimension of Equity of Access in Higher Education, Compare, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 645–665.
- McCowan, T., 2019, Higher Education for and beyond the Sustainable Development Goals, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- McMahon, W., 2009, Higher Learning, Greater Good, Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- OECD, 2017, Report on Benchmarking Higher Education System Performance: Conceptual Framework and Data (Enhancing Higher Education System Per- formance), OECD.
- Oketch, M., McCowan, T., and Schendel, R., 2014, The Impact of Tertiary Education on Development: A Rigorous Literature Review, Department of International Development.
- QS., 2019a, 2019 Academic Responses, QS Intelligence Unit, http://www.iu.qs.com/academic-survey-responses/
- QS., 2019b, QS Top 50 Under 50 2020, Top Universities, https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings-articles/top-50-under-50-next-50-under-50/qs-top-50-under-50-2020
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- Salmi, J., and Saroyan, A., 2007, ‘League Tables as Policy Instruments: Uses and Mis- uses’, Journal of Higher Education Management Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 31–68.
- Sawyerr, A., 2004, Challenges Facing African Universities: Selected Issues, African Studies Review, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1–59.
- Sowter, B., 2013, Issues of Transparency and Applicability in Global University Rankings, in Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education: Uses and Misuses, UNESCO.
- Teferra, D., 2017, Tempest in the Rankings Teapot – An African Perspective, University World News, https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20170905085216591
- THE (Times Higher Education), 2019, THE World University Rankings 2020: Methodology, Timeshighereducation.Com, https://www.timeshighereducation. com/world-university-rankings/world-university-rankings-2020-methodology
- Tremblay, K., Lalancette, D., and Roseveare, D., 2012, Assessment of Higher Education Learning Outcomes: Feasibility Study Report, Volume 1 – Design and Implementation, OECD.
- U-Multirank, 2019, U-Multirank’s Approach to University Rankings, U-Multirank.Org, https://www.umultirank.org/about/methodology/our-approach/
- UNESCO Institute of Statistics, 2020, Education: Enrolment by Level of Education, http://data.uis.unesco.org/
- Unterhalter, E., 2018, Internationalisation, University Rankings and Some Perspectives on Equalities, Keynote Address to QS in The Conversation.
- Unterhalter, E., Allais, S., Howell, C., Adu-Yeboah, C., Fongwa, S., … Oketch, M., Posholi, L., and Selepe, C., 2019, Higher Education, Inequalities, and the Public Good: Perspectives From Four African Countries, Newton Fund, National Research Foundation and Economic and Social Research Council.
- Unterhalter, E, Allais, S., Howell, C., McCowan, T., Morley, L., Oanda, I., and Oketch, M., 2017, Higher Education and the Public Good: Concepts, Challenges and Complexities in Africa [Working Paper for the Research Project ‘Higher Education and the Public Good in Four African Countries’].
- Webometrics, 2019, Ranking Web of Universities: Methodology, Webometrics, http://www.webometrics.info/en/Methodology
- World Bank, 2016, Statistical Capacity Indicator, Washington, DC: World Bank.
- http://datatopics.worldbank.org/statisticalcapacity/SCIdashboard.aspx
Les références
ARWU, 2019, Academic Rankings of World Universities, ARWU, http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU-Methodology-2019.html
Atherton, G., Dumangane, C., and Whitty, G., 2016, Charting Equity in Higher Education: Drawing the Global Access Map, New York: Pearson.
Ball, S. J., 2012, Performativity, Commodification and Commitment: An I-Spy Guide to the Neoliberal University. British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 17–28.
Carnegie Classification, 2019, ‘Definitions and Methodology: Basic Classification Description’, The Carnegie Classification of Institutions, https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/classification_descriptions/basic.php
Cloete, N., Bailey, T., Pillay, P. and Maassen, P., 2011, Universities and Economic development in Africa, Cape Town: CHET.
Desrosieres, A., 2001, How ‘Real’ Are Statistics? Four Possible Attitudes, Social Research, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 339–355.
Espeland, W. N., and Stevens, M. L., 2008, A Sociology of Quantification, Journal of Sociology, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 401–436.
Hatton, T. J., and Bailey, R. E., 2001, Women’s Work in Census and Survey, 1911–1931, Economic History Review, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 87–107.
Hazelkorn, E., 2011, Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World ClassExcellence, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hazelkorn, E., 2014, Rankings and the Construction of Knowledge in the Age of Austerity, in Assessment for Sustainable Transformation: Redefining Quality of Higher Education, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 25-48.
Howell, C., 2003, Access and Participation for Students with Disabilities in South African Higher Education: Challenging Accepted Truth and Recognising New Possibilities. Perspectives in Higher Education, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 59–74.
IAU WHED, 2021, The World Higher Education Database, International Association of Universities (IAU) World Higher Education Database (WHED). https://www.whed.net/home.php. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
IFS, 2021, English universities ranked on their contributions to social mobility – And the least selective post-1992 universities come on top. Institute for Fiscal Studies. https://ifs.org.uk/publications/15844
Kehm, B., 2016, Embracing and Rejecting Rankings: The German Case, in Yudkev- ich, M., Altbach, P. G. and Rumbley, L. E., eds, The Global Academic Rankings Game: Changing Institutional Policy, Practice, and Academic Life, New York: Routledge, pp. 79–96.
Locatelli, R., 2017, Education as a Public Good and Common Good: Revisiting the Role of the State in a Context of Growing Marketization, Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bergamo.
Marginson, S., 2011, Higher Education and Public Good, Higher Education Quaterly, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 411–433.
Marginson, S., 2016, The Worldwide Trend to High Participation Higher Educa- tion: Dynamics of Social Stratification in Inclusive Systems, Higher Education, Vol. 72, pp. 413–434.
Marope, M., and Wells, P., 2013, University Rankings: The Many Sides of the Debate, in Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education: Uses and Misuses. UNESCO.
Marope, P. T. M., Wells, P. J. and Hazelkorn, E., 2013, Rankings and accountability in higher education: Uses and Misuses. UNESCO.
McCowan, T., 2016, Three Dimension of Equity of Access in Higher Education, Compare, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 645–665.
McCowan, T., 2019, Higher Education for and beyond the Sustainable Development Goals, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
McMahon, W., 2009, Higher Learning, Greater Good, Baltimore, MA: Johns Hopkins University Press.
OECD, 2017, Report on Benchmarking Higher Education System Performance: Conceptual Framework and Data (Enhancing Higher Education System Per- formance), OECD.
Oketch, M., McCowan, T., and Schendel, R., 2014, The Impact of Tertiary Education on Development: A Rigorous Literature Review, Department of International Development.
QS., 2019a, 2019 Academic Responses, QS Intelligence Unit, http://www.iu.qs.com/academic-survey-responses/
QS., 2019b, QS Top 50 Under 50 2020, Top Universities, https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings-articles/top-50-under-50-next-50-under-50/qs-top-50-under-50-2020
Salmi, J., and Salmi, K., 2017, Is the Brain Drain Always Negative? University World News, https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20170321102746248
Salmi, J., and Saroyan, A., 2007, ‘League Tables as Policy Instruments: Uses and Mis- uses’, Journal of Higher Education Management Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 31–68.
Sawyerr, A., 2004, Challenges Facing African Universities: Selected Issues, African Studies Review, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1–59.
Sowter, B., 2013, Issues of Transparency and Applicability in Global University Rankings, in Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education: Uses and Misuses, UNESCO.
Teferra, D., 2017, Tempest in the Rankings Teapot – An African Perspective, University World News, https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20170905085216591
THE (Times Higher Education), 2019, THE World University Rankings 2020: Methodology, Timeshighereducation.Com, https://www.timeshighereducation. com/world-university-rankings/world-university-rankings-2020-methodology
Tremblay, K., Lalancette, D., and Roseveare, D., 2012, Assessment of Higher Education Learning Outcomes: Feasibility Study Report, Volume 1 – Design and Implementation, OECD.
U-Multirank, 2019, U-Multirank’s Approach to University Rankings, U-Multirank.Org, https://www.umultirank.org/about/methodology/our-approach/
UNESCO Institute of Statistics, 2020, Education: Enrolment by Level of Education, http://data.uis.unesco.org/
Unterhalter, E., 2018, Internationalisation, University Rankings and Some Perspectives on Equalities, Keynote Address to QS in The Conversation.
Unterhalter, E., Allais, S., Howell, C., Adu-Yeboah, C., Fongwa, S., … Oketch, M., Posholi, L., and Selepe, C., 2019, Higher Education, Inequalities, and the Public Good: Perspectives From Four African Countries, Newton Fund, National Research Foundation and Economic and Social Research Council.
Unterhalter, E, Allais, S., Howell, C., McCowan, T., Morley, L., Oanda, I., and Oketch, M., 2017, Higher Education and the Public Good: Concepts, Challenges and Complexities in Africa [Working Paper for the Research Project ‘Higher Education and the Public Good in Four African Countries’].
Webometrics, 2019, Ranking Web of Universities: Methodology, Webometrics, http://www.webometrics.info/en/Methodology
World Bank, 2016, Statistical Capacity Indicator, Washington, DC: World Bank.
http://datatopics.worldbank.org/statisticalcapacity/SCIdashboard.aspx