6 - Politics of Financialisation and Inequality: Transforming Global Relations for Inclusive Development
Corresponding Author(s) : Samuel Oloruntoba
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 40 No 3 (2015): Afrique et développement: Numéro spécial sur Transformer les relations internationales pour un monde juste
Résumé
L’inégalité reste l’un des défis majeurs du monde contemporain. Elle est devenue un phénomène mondial qui affecte les classes inférieures, les démunis et les pauvres tant dans les pays du Nord que dans ceux du Sud. Malgré les progrès de la technologie qui ont alimenté la croissance économique et favorisé la mobilité transnationale des facteurs de production, l’inégalité et sa jumelle, la pauvreté, restent des questions d’intérêt majeur parmi les chercheurs, les décideurs politiques et une préoccupation pour les pauvres. La plupart des études sur les inégalités se sont préoccupées des forces économiques. Cet article situe les degrés croissants d’inégalité dans le monde dans la politique mondiale de financiarisation dans laquelle la classe capitaliste transnationale (CCT) adopte l’idéologie réactionnaire du néolibéralisme pour poursuivre leurs intérêts à travers la création d’une fictive richesse immense, le maintien de la mainmise sur les institutions politiques nationales et internationales et la propagation de l’illogisme du caractère sacré du marché. Je soutiens donc que le capitalisme dans sa forme actuelle est insoutenable pour la société humaine. En conséquence, la structure du pouvoir qui informe et qui maintient l’ordre actuel doit être transformée pour favoriser un développement inclusif. Malgré la résistance à ces transformations par les principaux membres de la CCT, le processus est inévitable en raison des contradictions internes au sein du système lui-même, l’émergence de nouvelles instances de pouvoir dans les différentes régions du monde et les pressions révolutionnaires croissantes, à partir de la base. Dans l’ensemble, l’article conclut qu’il existe un lien inextricable entre la financiarisation et l’inégalité dans le monde.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Arrighi, G., 2004, The Long Twentieth Century, London/New York: Verso.
- Braudel, F., 1992, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th -18th Century. Vol. 3. The Perspective of the World, Berkely: University of California Press
- Bresser-Pereira, L., 2010, ‘The Global financial crisis and a new capitalism?’Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Summer, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 499-534.
- Desai, M. and Vreeland, J., 2014, ‘What the New Bank of BRICS is all About? Washington Post, July 17.
- Dore, R., 2008, ‘Financialization of the global economy’, Industrial and Corporate Change, Volume 17, Number 6,pp. 1092-1112.
- Epstein, G., 2005, Financialization and the World Economy (ed.) Edward Elgar: Aldershot.
- Fine, B., 2009, ‘Development as Zombieconomics in the Age of Neo-liberalism’, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp .885-904.
- Fioramonti, L., 2014, ‘Africa Rising: Who benefits from the Continent?’, Perspectives, Vol, 1, February, Heinrich Boll Stiftung.
- Gallagher, K., 2014, Ruling Capital: Emerging Markets and the Reregulation of Cross-Border Finance, New York: Cornell University Press.
- Guillen, A., 2014, ‘Financialization and financial profit’, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol. 34, no. 3 (136), pp. 451-470.
- Harvey, D., 2007, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Montgomerie, J., 2008, ‘Bridging the critical divide: global finance, financialisation and contemporary capitalism’, Contemporary Politics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.233-252.
- International Monetary Fund, 2011, World Economic Outlook, Washington, DC: IMF.
- Marshall, A., 1961, Principles of economics, London and New York: Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society.
- Minsky, P., 1990a, ‘Schumpeter: Finance and Evolution’, in Evolving Technology and Market Structure: Studies in Schumpeterian Economics,Heertje, A. and Perlman, eds, Ann Arbor, MI: St Martin’s Press, pp. 51-73.
- Motsohi, T., 2015, ‘Labour intensive growth strategies key to reduce unemployment’, Mail and Guardian, April 15.
- Nolke, A., Heires, M. and Bieling, H., 2013, ‘Editorial: The Politics of Financialization’, Competition and Change, Vol. 17, No 3, pp.209-18.
- Oloruntoba, S.O., 2015 (forthcoming), ‘Democratization, Disempowerment and Poverty in Nigeria: Exploring the Link between Politics and Poverty in Middle Income Countries in J. May, G. Wright, and E. Breathen, eds, Poverty & Inequality in Middle Income Countries: Policy Achievements, Political Obstacles, London and New York: Zed Books/CROP, University of Bergen, Norway.
- Oloruntoba, S., 2014, ‘African Growth Miracle in Changing Global Order : A Myth or Reality’, in L. Asulieme, and S Francis, eds Selected Themes in African Studies: Political Conflict and Stability, New York: Springer.
- Olukoshi, A., 1998, The Elusive Prince of Denmark: Structural Adjustment Programmes and the Crisis of Governance in Africa, Uppsala: Nordik African Institute.
- Palley, T., 2007, ‘Financialization: What it is and Why it Matters’, Working Paper No. 525. Annandale-on-Hudson, NY: The Levy Economic Institute, December.
- Pareto, V., 1971, Manual of political economy, (Translated by Ann S. Schwier), A. Schwier and A. Page, eds, New York: A. M. Kelley.
- Robinson, W., 2004, A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class and State in a Transnational World, Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Rodrik, D., 2001, Global Governance of Trade as if Development Matters, New York: UNDP.
- Soludo, C. and Mkandawire, T., 1999, Our Continent, Our future: African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment Programmes, Ottawa and Eritrea: IDRC an African World Press.
- Stiglitz, J., 2012, The Price of Inequality. How Today’s divided societies endanger our future, New York: W.W. Norton.
- Stiglitz, J., 2010, Free Fall: America, Free Market and the Sinking of the World Economy, New York: W.W Norton.
- Stiglitz, J., 2002, Globalization and Its Discontents, New York: W.W Norton.
- Totten, J., 2014, ‘BRICS New Development Bank threatens the Hegemony of US dollar’, Forbes, 22 December.
- United Nations, 2009, ‘Report of the Commission of Experts on Reform of the International Financial and Monetary System’, available: www.un.org/econcrisis/docs/finalReport_COE, accessed 17 April 2015.
- Wade, R., 2013, ‘The Art of Power Maintenance: How Western States Keep the Lead in Global Institutions’, Challenge, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 5-39.
- Wallerstein, I., 1979, The Capitalist World Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Williamson, J., 1990, ‘The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescriptions for Development’, available: www.iie.com accessed, 18 April.
- Zalewski, D. and Whalen, C.. 2010. ‘Financialization and income Inequality: A Post-Keynesian Institutionalist Analysis’, Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. XLIV, No. 3, September.
- Zwan, N., 2014, ‘State of the Art – Making sense of financialization’, Socio-Economic Review, 12, pp. 99-129.
Les références
Arrighi, G., 2004, The Long Twentieth Century, London/New York: Verso.
Braudel, F., 1992, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th -18th Century. Vol. 3. The Perspective of the World, Berkely: University of California Press
Bresser-Pereira, L., 2010, ‘The Global financial crisis and a new capitalism?’Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Summer, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 499-534.
Desai, M. and Vreeland, J., 2014, ‘What the New Bank of BRICS is all About? Washington Post, July 17.
Dore, R., 2008, ‘Financialization of the global economy’, Industrial and Corporate Change, Volume 17, Number 6,pp. 1092-1112.
Epstein, G., 2005, Financialization and the World Economy (ed.) Edward Elgar: Aldershot.
Fine, B., 2009, ‘Development as Zombieconomics in the Age of Neo-liberalism’, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp .885-904.
Fioramonti, L., 2014, ‘Africa Rising: Who benefits from the Continent?’, Perspectives, Vol, 1, February, Heinrich Boll Stiftung.
Gallagher, K., 2014, Ruling Capital: Emerging Markets and the Reregulation of Cross-Border Finance, New York: Cornell University Press.
Guillen, A., 2014, ‘Financialization and financial profit’, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol. 34, no. 3 (136), pp. 451-470.
Harvey, D., 2007, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Montgomerie, J., 2008, ‘Bridging the critical divide: global finance, financialisation and contemporary capitalism’, Contemporary Politics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.233-252.
International Monetary Fund, 2011, World Economic Outlook, Washington, DC: IMF.
Marshall, A., 1961, Principles of economics, London and New York: Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society.
Minsky, P., 1990a, ‘Schumpeter: Finance and Evolution’, in Evolving Technology and Market Structure: Studies in Schumpeterian Economics,Heertje, A. and Perlman, eds, Ann Arbor, MI: St Martin’s Press, pp. 51-73.
Motsohi, T., 2015, ‘Labour intensive growth strategies key to reduce unemployment’, Mail and Guardian, April 15.
Nolke, A., Heires, M. and Bieling, H., 2013, ‘Editorial: The Politics of Financialization’, Competition and Change, Vol. 17, No 3, pp.209-18.
Oloruntoba, S.O., 2015 (forthcoming), ‘Democratization, Disempowerment and Poverty in Nigeria: Exploring the Link between Politics and Poverty in Middle Income Countries in J. May, G. Wright, and E. Breathen, eds, Poverty & Inequality in Middle Income Countries: Policy Achievements, Political Obstacles, London and New York: Zed Books/CROP, University of Bergen, Norway.
Oloruntoba, S., 2014, ‘African Growth Miracle in Changing Global Order : A Myth or Reality’, in L. Asulieme, and S Francis, eds Selected Themes in African Studies: Political Conflict and Stability, New York: Springer.
Olukoshi, A., 1998, The Elusive Prince of Denmark: Structural Adjustment Programmes and the Crisis of Governance in Africa, Uppsala: Nordik African Institute.
Palley, T., 2007, ‘Financialization: What it is and Why it Matters’, Working Paper No. 525. Annandale-on-Hudson, NY: The Levy Economic Institute, December.
Pareto, V., 1971, Manual of political economy, (Translated by Ann S. Schwier), A. Schwier and A. Page, eds, New York: A. M. Kelley.
Robinson, W., 2004, A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class and State in a Transnational World, Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Rodrik, D., 2001, Global Governance of Trade as if Development Matters, New York: UNDP.
Soludo, C. and Mkandawire, T., 1999, Our Continent, Our future: African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment Programmes, Ottawa and Eritrea: IDRC an African World Press.
Stiglitz, J., 2012, The Price of Inequality. How Today’s divided societies endanger our future, New York: W.W. Norton.
Stiglitz, J., 2010, Free Fall: America, Free Market and the Sinking of the World Economy, New York: W.W Norton.
Stiglitz, J., 2002, Globalization and Its Discontents, New York: W.W Norton.
Totten, J., 2014, ‘BRICS New Development Bank threatens the Hegemony of US dollar’, Forbes, 22 December.
United Nations, 2009, ‘Report of the Commission of Experts on Reform of the International Financial and Monetary System’, available: www.un.org/econcrisis/docs/finalReport_COE, accessed 17 April 2015.
Wade, R., 2013, ‘The Art of Power Maintenance: How Western States Keep the Lead in Global Institutions’, Challenge, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 5-39.
Wallerstein, I., 1979, The Capitalist World Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Williamson, J., 1990, ‘The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescriptions for Development’, available: www.iie.com accessed, 18 April.
Zalewski, D. and Whalen, C.. 2010. ‘Financialization and income Inequality: A Post-Keynesian Institutionalist Analysis’, Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. XLIV, No. 3, September.
Zwan, N., 2014, ‘State of the Art – Making sense of financialization’, Socio-Economic Review, 12, pp. 99-129.