3 - An analysis of costs associated with maize storage facilities used by rural smallholder farmers in Uganda
Corresponding Author(s) : Anthony Tibaingana
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 49 No 2 (2024): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Cet article évalue les coûts d'acquisition, d'entretien et de stockage associés aux différents types d'installations de stockage utilisées par les petits exploitants de maïs en Ouganda, en appliquant une analyse descriptive basée sur les coûts. Ces coûts ont influencé les décisions des agriculteurs quant au type d'installation de stockage à utiliser. Un mauvais stockage accentue les pertes causées par les ravageurs, les rats et la pourriture. Les résultats montrent que les coûts élevés d'acquisition et d'entretien des installations de stockage ont empêché les petits exploitants de maïs d'accéder à de bonnes installations de stockage. D'un point de vue politique, il faudrait investir davantage pour acquérir des entrepôts sûrs afin de réduire l'exposition au risque et de protéger les petits exploitants de l'insécurité des revenus et de l'alimentation. Cet article permet démontrer clairement les difficultés liées au stockage au niveau des ménages afin d'accroître la sécurité alimentaire et des revenus et de réduire la pauvreté. La conclusion de l'étude sur l'analyse du stockage n'est qu'indicative. Des recherches plus poussées sont nécessaires avec un nombre de magasins représentatifs par type de stockage ainsi qu’une analyse coût-bénéfice.
Mots-clés
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- Chigoverah, A.A., and Mvumi, B.M., 2016, Efficacy of metal silos and hermetic bags against stored maize insect pests under simulated smallholder farmer conditions, Journal of Stored Products Research, Vol. 69, pp. 179–189.
- Chuma, T., Mudhara, M., and Govereh, J., 2020, The effects of grain storage technologies on maize marketing behaviour of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS), Vol. 121, No. 1, pp. 1–12.
- D’Amour, C.B., Wenz, L., Kalkuhl, M., Steckel, J.C., and Creutzig, F., 2016, Teleconnected food supply shocks, Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11 , No. 3, 035007.
- David, T., Gitau, R., Meyer, F.H., Chisanga, B., and Jayne, T.S., 2016, Evaluating price volatility and the role of trade in Eastern and Southern African maize markets, in African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE) Fifth International Conference, 23–26 September 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (No. 249291).
- Gitonga, Z.M., De Groote, H., Kassie, M., and Tefera, T., 2013, Impact of metal silos on households’ maize storage, storage losses and food security: An application of a propensity score matching, Food Policy, Vol. 43, pp. 44–55.
- Gitonga, Z.M., De Groote, H., and Tefera, T., 2015, Metal silo grain storage technology and household food security in Kenya, Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 222–230.
- Hodges, R.J., Buzby, J.C., and Bennett, B., 2011, Postharvest losses and waste in developed and less developed countries: opportunities to improve resource use, The Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 149 (S1), pp. 37–45.
- Israel, G.D., 1992, Determining sample size, University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, EDIS. https:// www.academia.edu/21353552/Determining_Sample_Size_1
- Kaaya, N.A., and Warren, H.L., 2005, Review of past and present research on Aflatoxin in Uganda, African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Vol. 5, No. 1.
- Kadjo, D., Ricker-Gilbert, J., and Alexander, C., 2016, Estimating Price Discounts for Low-Quality Maize in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Benin, World Development, Vol. 77, pp. 115–128.
- Kaminski, J., and Christiaensen, L., 2014, Post-harvest loss in sub-Saharan Africa – what do farmers say? Global Food Security, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 149–158.
- Kimenju, S.C., and De Groote, H., 2010, Economic analysis of alternative maize storage technologies in Kenya. Paper presented at the Joint 3rd African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE) and 48th Agricultural Economists Association of South Africa (AEASA) Conference, September 2010. Cape Town, South Africa,.
- Makaza, K., and Mabhegedhe, M., 2016, Smallholder farmers’ indigenous knowledge of maize storage pests and pesticidal plant use: The case of Wards 9 and 10 in Bikita District, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 11, No. 47, pp. 4831–4839.
- Mendoza, J.R., Sabillón, L., Martinez, W., Campabadal, C., Hallen-Adams, H.E., and Bianchini, A., 2017, Traditional maize post-harvest management practices amongst smallholder farmers in Guatemala, Journal of Stored Products Research, Vol. 71, pp. 14–21.
- Midega, C.A., Murage, A.W., Pittchar, J.O., and Khan, Z.R., 2016, Managing storage pests of maize: Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and practices in western Kenya, Crop Protection, Vol. 90, pp. 142–149.
- Moshi, A.P., and Matoju, I., 2017, The status of research on and application of biopesticides in Tanzania. Review, Crop Protection, Vol. 92, pp. 16–28.
- National Planning Authority (NPA), 2013, Policy Paper on Transforming Smallholder Farming in to Modern Agriculture in Uganda. Kampala: National Planning Authority. http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/NPA-PEC-PAPER- TRANSFORMING-SMALLHOLDER-FARMING-TO-MODERN- AGRICULTURE-IN-UGANDA.pdf
- Ndegwa, M.K., De Groote, H., Gitonga, Z.M., and Bruce, A.Y., 2016, Effectiveness and economics of hermetic bags for maize storage: Results of a randomized controlled trial in Kenya, Crop Protection, Vol. 90, pp. 17–26.
- Okoboi, G., Muwanga, J., and Mwebaze, T., 2012, Use of improved inputs and its
- effect on maize yield and profit in Uganda, African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Vol. 12, No. 7.
- Shee, A., Mayanja, S., Simba, E., Stathers, T., Bechoff, A., and Bennett, B., 2019, Determinants of postharvest losses along smallholder maize producers and sweet potato value chains: An ordered Probit analysis, Food Security, Vol. 11, No. 5,
- pp. 1101–1120.
- Sserumaga, J.P., Makumbi, D., Simyung, L., Njoroge, K., Muthomi, J. W., Chemining’wa, G.N., Asea, G., Waswa, M., and Bomet, D.K., 2015, Incidence and severity of potentially toxigenic Aspergillus flavus in maize (Zea mays L.) from different major maize growing regions of Uganda, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 10, No. 11, pp. 1244–1250.
- Suleiman, R.A., Rosentrater, K.A., and Bern, C. J., 2013, Effects of Deterioration Parameters on Storage of Maize, Journal of Natural Sciences Research, Vol.3, pp. 147–165.
- Tanumihardjo, S.A., McCulley, L., Roh, R., Lopez-Ridaura, S., Palacios-Rojas, N., and Gunaratna, N.S., 2019, Maize agro-food systems to ensure food and nutrition security in reference to the Sustainable Development Goals, Global Food Security, 100327.
- Tefera, T., 2012, Post-harvest losses in African maize in the face of increasing food shortage, Food security, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 267–277.
- Tefera, T., Kanampiu, F., De Groote, H., Hellin, J., Mugo, S., Kimenju, S., Beyene, Y., Prasanna, M., Boddupalli, P.M., Shiferaw, B., and Banziger, M., 2011, The metal silo: An effective grain storage technology for reducing post-harvest insect and pathogen losses in maize while improving smallholder farmers’ food security in developing countries, Crop Protection, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 240–245.
- Tibaingana, A., Kele, T., and Makombe, G., 2018, Storage practices and their bearing on smallholder farmers: Postharvest analysis in Uganda, South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 45–56.
- UN, 2019, World Population Prospect, 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Publications/ Accessed 5 May 2021.
- Wanyama, J., 2016, Profiling agricultural engineering technologies for mechanizing smallholder agriculture in Uganda, Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4, 40–51.
- Williams, S.B., Murdock, L.L., and Baributsa, D., 2017, Storage of Maize in Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) Bags, PloS One, Vol. 12, No. 1, e0168624.
- Yakubu, A., Wilson, L.A., Bern, C.J., and Brumm, T.J., 2016, Use of recycled containers for hermetic maize storage In East Africa, Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 53–60.
- Yusuf, B.L., and He, Y., 2011, Design, development and techniques for controlling grains post-harvest losses with metal silo for small and medium-scale farmers,
- African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 10, No. 65, pp. 14552–14561.
Les références
Abass, A.B., Ndunguru, G., Mamiro, P., Alenkhe, B., Mlingi, N., and Bekunda, M., 2014, Postharvest food losses in a maize-based farming system of semi-arid savannah area of Tanzania, Journal of Stored Products Research, Vol. 57, pp. 49–57. Amare, M., and Shiferaw, B., 2017, Agricultural productivity and rural household welfare distribution in sub-Saharan Africa, Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) policy brief, number 162. https://www.africaportal.org/publications/agricultural-productivity-and-rural-household-welfare-distribution-sub-saharan-africa/ Affognon, H., Mutungi, C., Sanginga, P., and Borgemeister, C., 2015, Unpacking postharvest losses in sub-Saharan Africa: A meta-analysis, World Development, Vol. 66, 49–68.
Chigoverah, A.A., and Mvumi, B.M., 2016, Efficacy of metal silos and hermetic bags against stored maize insect pests under simulated smallholder farmer conditions, Journal of Stored Products Research, Vol. 69, pp. 179–189.
Chuma, T., Mudhara, M., and Govereh, J., 2020, The effects of grain storage technologies on maize marketing behaviour of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS), Vol. 121, No. 1, pp. 1–12.
D’Amour, C.B., Wenz, L., Kalkuhl, M., Steckel, J.C., and Creutzig, F., 2016, Teleconnected food supply shocks, Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11 , No. 3, 035007.
David, T., Gitau, R., Meyer, F.H., Chisanga, B., and Jayne, T.S., 2016, Evaluating price volatility and the role of trade in Eastern and Southern African maize markets, in African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE) Fifth International Conference, 23–26 September 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (No. 249291).
Gitonga, Z.M., De Groote, H., Kassie, M., and Tefera, T., 2013, Impact of metal silos on households’ maize storage, storage losses and food security: An application of a propensity score matching, Food Policy, Vol. 43, pp. 44–55.
Gitonga, Z.M., De Groote, H., and Tefera, T., 2015, Metal silo grain storage technology and household food security in Kenya, Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 222–230.
Hodges, R.J., Buzby, J.C., and Bennett, B., 2011, Postharvest losses and waste in developed and less developed countries: opportunities to improve resource use, The Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 149 (S1), pp. 37–45.
Israel, G.D., 1992, Determining sample size, University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, EDIS. https:// www.academia.edu/21353552/Determining_Sample_Size_1
Kaaya, N.A., and Warren, H.L., 2005, Review of past and present research on Aflatoxin in Uganda, African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Vol. 5, No. 1.
Kadjo, D., Ricker-Gilbert, J., and Alexander, C., 2016, Estimating Price Discounts for Low-Quality Maize in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Benin, World Development, Vol. 77, pp. 115–128.
Kaminski, J., and Christiaensen, L., 2014, Post-harvest loss in sub-Saharan Africa – what do farmers say? Global Food Security, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 149–158.
Kimenju, S.C., and De Groote, H., 2010, Economic analysis of alternative maize storage technologies in Kenya. Paper presented at the Joint 3rd African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE) and 48th Agricultural Economists Association of South Africa (AEASA) Conference, September 2010. Cape Town, South Africa,.
Makaza, K., and Mabhegedhe, M., 2016, Smallholder farmers’ indigenous knowledge of maize storage pests and pesticidal plant use: The case of Wards 9 and 10 in Bikita District, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 11, No. 47, pp. 4831–4839.
Mendoza, J.R., Sabillón, L., Martinez, W., Campabadal, C., Hallen-Adams, H.E., and Bianchini, A., 2017, Traditional maize post-harvest management practices amongst smallholder farmers in Guatemala, Journal of Stored Products Research, Vol. 71, pp. 14–21.
Midega, C.A., Murage, A.W., Pittchar, J.O., and Khan, Z.R., 2016, Managing storage pests of maize: Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and practices in western Kenya, Crop Protection, Vol. 90, pp. 142–149.
Moshi, A.P., and Matoju, I., 2017, The status of research on and application of biopesticides in Tanzania. Review, Crop Protection, Vol. 92, pp. 16–28.
National Planning Authority (NPA), 2013, Policy Paper on Transforming Smallholder Farming in to Modern Agriculture in Uganda. Kampala: National Planning Authority. http://npa.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/NPA-PEC-PAPER- TRANSFORMING-SMALLHOLDER-FARMING-TO-MODERN- AGRICULTURE-IN-UGANDA.pdf
Ndegwa, M.K., De Groote, H., Gitonga, Z.M., and Bruce, A.Y., 2016, Effectiveness and economics of hermetic bags for maize storage: Results of a randomized controlled trial in Kenya, Crop Protection, Vol. 90, pp. 17–26.
Okoboi, G., Muwanga, J., and Mwebaze, T., 2012, Use of improved inputs and its
effect on maize yield and profit in Uganda, African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Vol. 12, No. 7.
Shee, A., Mayanja, S., Simba, E., Stathers, T., Bechoff, A., and Bennett, B., 2019, Determinants of postharvest losses along smallholder maize producers and sweet potato value chains: An ordered Probit analysis, Food Security, Vol. 11, No. 5,
pp. 1101–1120.
Sserumaga, J.P., Makumbi, D., Simyung, L., Njoroge, K., Muthomi, J. W., Chemining’wa, G.N., Asea, G., Waswa, M., and Bomet, D.K., 2015, Incidence and severity of potentially toxigenic Aspergillus flavus in maize (Zea mays L.) from different major maize growing regions of Uganda, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 10, No. 11, pp. 1244–1250.
Suleiman, R.A., Rosentrater, K.A., and Bern, C. J., 2013, Effects of Deterioration Parameters on Storage of Maize, Journal of Natural Sciences Research, Vol.3, pp. 147–165.
Tanumihardjo, S.A., McCulley, L., Roh, R., Lopez-Ridaura, S., Palacios-Rojas, N., and Gunaratna, N.S., 2019, Maize agro-food systems to ensure food and nutrition security in reference to the Sustainable Development Goals, Global Food Security, 100327.
Tefera, T., 2012, Post-harvest losses in African maize in the face of increasing food shortage, Food security, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 267–277.
Tefera, T., Kanampiu, F., De Groote, H., Hellin, J., Mugo, S., Kimenju, S., Beyene, Y., Prasanna, M., Boddupalli, P.M., Shiferaw, B., and Banziger, M., 2011, The metal silo: An effective grain storage technology for reducing post-harvest insect and pathogen losses in maize while improving smallholder farmers’ food security in developing countries, Crop Protection, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 240–245.
Tibaingana, A., Kele, T., and Makombe, G., 2018, Storage practices and their bearing on smallholder farmers: Postharvest analysis in Uganda, South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 45–56.
UN, 2019, World Population Prospect, 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Publications/ Accessed 5 May 2021.
Wanyama, J., 2016, Profiling agricultural engineering technologies for mechanizing smallholder agriculture in Uganda, Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4, 40–51.
Williams, S.B., Murdock, L.L., and Baributsa, D., 2017, Storage of Maize in Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) Bags, PloS One, Vol. 12, No. 1, e0168624.
Yakubu, A., Wilson, L.A., Bern, C.J., and Brumm, T.J., 2016, Use of recycled containers for hermetic maize storage In East Africa, Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 53–60.
Yusuf, B.L., and He, Y., 2011, Design, development and techniques for controlling grains post-harvest losses with metal silo for small and medium-scale farmers,
African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 10, No. 65, pp. 14552–14561.