6 - Sustaining Global Skills Inequality? Skills Development and Skills Protectionism in the Nigerian Multinational Corporate Sector
Corresponding Author(s) : Joseph O. Jiboku
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 43 No 2 (2018): Afrique et développement
Résumé
Le rôle essentiel des compétences pour la transformation socio-économique est bien en évidence dans la littérature, mais, les chercheurs ont accordé peu d’attention aux dichotomies internationales sur les compétences et à la dynamique qui les sous-tend. Dans de nombreux pays du Sud, il existe une pléthore de politiques libérales visant à attirer les investissements industriels des entreprises du Nord, dans l’espoir que le développement de compétences essentielles découlera de tels investissements. Cependant, des études ont montré que, dans de nombreux pays en développement, les entreprises multinationales n’ont pas apporté les effets escomptés depuis des années. Dans ce contexte, le présent article examine les programmes et stratégies de développement des compétences dans le secteur des entreprises multinationales au Nigeria par rapport aux discours nationaux dominants sur le développement des compétences au Nigeria. L’accent porte sur le niveau de facilitation d’acquisition de compétences essentielles par les compagnies multinationales opérant au Nigeria. D’après des entretiens menés dans des agences nationales nigerianes chargées de la politique de main-d’œuvre et dans deux sociétés multinationales actives depuis longtemps au Nigeria, l’article affirme que, malgré leur longue présence, les entreprises multinationales opérant au Nigeria continuent de se procurer les compétences essentielles dans leur pays d’origine. En outre, les niveaux d’investissement dans le développement de compétences dans l’économie locale laissent supposer une possibilité de protectionnisme des compétences – un processus actif ou involontaire de « thésaurisation » de compétences essentielles. L'article met ainsi en évidence les défis et les contradictions des calculs économiques des entreprises et des impératifs nationaux de développement du capital humain.
Mots-clés
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- Akpomuvie, O.B., 2011, ‘The role of traditional skills and techniques in the development of modern science and technology in Africa’, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1 (13): 178–86.
- Aniekan, E.E., 2011, ‘Poverty alleviation in Nigeria through capitalism economic framework: problems and challenges’, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 13(2): 181–91.
- Arrighi, G., Silver, B.J. and Brewer, B.D., 2003, ‘Industrial convergence, globalization, and the persistence of the North–South divide’, Studies in Comparative International Development 38 (1): 3–31.
- Babbie, E. and Mouton, J., 2001, The Practice of Social Research, Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
- Bakan, J., 2004, The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power, New York: FP Free Press.
- Baier, S.L., and Bergstrand, J.H., 2001, ‘The growth of world trade: tariffs, transport costs, and income similarity’, Journal of international Economics (53) 1.
- Blomstrom, M. and Kokko, A., 2001, ‘FDI, human capital and education in developing countries‘, Technical Meeting, 13–14 December, OECD Development Centre: Paris.
- Brewer, L., 2013, Enhancing Youth Employability: What? Why? and How? – Guide to Core Work Skills, Geneva: Skills and Employability Department International Labour Organisation.
- Boddewyn, J.J., 1988, ‘Political aspects of MNE theory’, Journal of International Business Studies 19(3): 341–63.
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- Guisinger, S.E., 1986, ‘Do performance requirements and investment incentives work?’ World economy 9(1): 79–96.
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- Kapstein, E.B., 2002, ‘Virtuous circles? Human capital formation, economic development and the multinational enterprises’, OECD Working Paper No. 191. Research Programme on Global Interdependence and Income Distribution, August.
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- Khilji, B.A., Kakar, Z.K. and Subhan, S., 2012, ‘Impact of vocational training and skill development on economic growth in Pakistan’, World Applied Sciences Journal 17 (10): 1298–302.
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- Malhotra, Y., 2003, ‘Measuring knowledge assets of a nation: knowledge systems for development’, Ad-Hoc Group of Experts on Knowledge Systems for Development, New York.
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- Mason, J., 2002, Qualitative Researching (2nd edition), London: Sage.
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- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2010, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, Paris: OECD Development Centre. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2012, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, Paris: OECD.
- Page, S., 1994, How Developing Countries Trade, London: Routledge.
- Prasad, S.B., Pisani, M.J. and Prasad, R.M., 2008, ‘New criticism of international management: analytical review’, International Business Review 17 (6): 617–29. Pope, C. and Mays N., 2000, Qualitative Research in Health Care, London: BMJ Books.
- Quintini, G., 2011, ‘Over-qualified or under-skilled: a review of existing literature’, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 121, Paris: OECD.
- Rugraff, E. and Hansen, M., 2011, Multinational Corporations and Local Firms in Emerging Economies, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
- Simatele, M., 2015, ‘Enhancing the portability of employability skills using e-portfolios’ Journal of Further and Higher Education 39 (6): 862–74.
- Siyanbola, W.O., Egbetokun, A.A., Oluseyi, I., Olamade, O.O., Aderemi, H.O. and Sanni, M., 2012, ‘Indigenous technologies and innovation in Nigeria: opportunities for SMEs’, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 2: 64–75.
- Spero, J., and Hart, J., 1997, The Politics of International Economic Relations, London: Routledge.
- Stiglitz, J.E., 2002, ‘Employment social justice and societal well-being’, International Labour Review 141 (1/2): 9–29.
- Stiglitz, J.E., 2007, ‘Regulating multinational corporations: towards principles of cross-border legal frameworks in a globalised world – balancing rights with responsibilities’, American University Law Review 23 (3).
- Stopford, J., 1998–1999, ‘Multinational corporations’, Foreign Policy 113: 12–24.
Les références
Agbodike, C.C., 1998, ‘Foreign investments and the Nigerian economy: the role of multinational corporations’, Nigerian Journal of Economic History 1:162–9.
Akpomuvie, O.B., 2011, ‘The role of traditional skills and techniques in the development of modern science and technology in Africa’, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1 (13): 178–86.
Aniekan, E.E., 2011, ‘Poverty alleviation in Nigeria through capitalism economic framework: problems and challenges’, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 13(2): 181–91.
Arrighi, G., Silver, B.J. and Brewer, B.D., 2003, ‘Industrial convergence, globalization, and the persistence of the North–South divide’, Studies in Comparative International Development 38 (1): 3–31.
Babbie, E. and Mouton, J., 2001, The Practice of Social Research, Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
Bakan, J., 2004, The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power, New York: FP Free Press.
Baier, S.L., and Bergstrand, J.H., 2001, ‘The growth of world trade: tariffs, transport costs, and income similarity’, Journal of international Economics (53) 1.
Blomstrom, M. and Kokko, A., 2001, ‘FDI, human capital and education in developing countries‘, Technical Meeting, 13–14 December, OECD Development Centre: Paris.
Brewer, L., 2013, Enhancing Youth Employability: What? Why? and How? – Guide to Core Work Skills, Geneva: Skills and Employability Department International Labour Organisation.
Boddewyn, J.J., 1988, ‘Political aspects of MNE theory’, Journal of International Business Studies 19(3): 341–63.
Chase, K.A., 2004, ‘From protectionism to regionalism: multinational firms and trade-related investment measures’, Business and Politics 6 (2).
Dulupçu, M.A., and Demirel, O., 2009, ‘Globalisation and internationalisation’, Economy and Labour World, Isparta 2003–2009. Socrates Comenius, Research Report submitted to the European Commission.
Ejere, E.S.I., 2011, ‘Human capital formation as catalyst for national development: Nigerian perspective’, International Business and Management Journal 2 (2): 98–104.
Erunke, C., and Kigbu, H., 2012, ‘Globalisation, multinational corporation and the Nigerian economy’, International Journal of Social Science Tomorrow 1 (2) 61–8.
Fouda, R.A.N., 2012, ‘Protectionism and free trade: a country’s glory or doom?’,International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 5 (3).
Greenaway, D., 1992, ‘Trade related investment measures and development strategy’, Kyklos 45 (2): 139–59. The Guardian, 2014, ‘Nigeria overtakes South Africa to become Africa’s largest economy’, The Guardian, 7 April.
Guisinger, S.E., 1986, ‘Do performance requirements and investment incentives work?’ World economy 9(1): 79–96.
Hammarlund, P.A., 2005, Liberal Internationalism and the Decline of the State: The Thought of Richard Cobden, David Mitrany, and Kenichi Ohmae. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jing, M., and Yuduo, L., 2012, ‘Free trade or protection: a literature review on trade barriers’, Research in World Economy 2(1).
Kapstein, E.B., 2002, ‘Virtuous circles? Human capital formation, economic development and the multinational enterprises’, OECD Working Paper No. 191. Research Programme on Global Interdependence and Income Distribution, August.
Kapfer, S., 2006, ‘Multinational corporations and the erosion of state sovereignty’, paper prepared for Illinois State University Conference for Students of Political Science, Illinois State University, available at pol.illinoisstate.edu, accessed 15 July 2014.
Khilji, B.A., Kakar, Z.K. and Subhan, S., 2012, ‘Impact of vocational training and skill development on economic growth in Pakistan’, World Applied Sciences Journal 17 (10): 1298–302.
Latif, A.A., 2011, ‘Change and continuity in the international intellectual property System: a turbulent decade in perspective’, WIPO Journal 3 (1): 36–54.
Malhotra, Y., 2003, ‘Measuring knowledge assets of a nation: knowledge systems for development’, Ad-Hoc Group of Experts on Knowledge Systems for Development, New York.
Martinez-Fernandez, C., and Sharpe, S., 2010, Leveraging Training and Skills Development in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES): Preliminary Cross- country Analysis of the TSME Survey, Paris: OECD Publishing.
Mason, J., 2002, Qualitative Researching (2nd edition), London: Sage.
Muogbo, C.O. and Kayar, F., 2012, ‘Improving the investment climate in Nigeria: issues and policy options’, unpublished MSc thesis, Universitetet i Nordland.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2010, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, Paris: OECD Development Centre. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2012, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, Paris: OECD.
Page, S., 1994, How Developing Countries Trade, London: Routledge.
Prasad, S.B., Pisani, M.J. and Prasad, R.M., 2008, ‘New criticism of international management: analytical review’, International Business Review 17 (6): 617–29. Pope, C. and Mays N., 2000, Qualitative Research in Health Care, London: BMJ Books.
Quintini, G., 2011, ‘Over-qualified or under-skilled: a review of existing literature’, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 121, Paris: OECD.
Rugraff, E. and Hansen, M., 2011, Multinational Corporations and Local Firms in Emerging Economies, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Simatele, M., 2015, ‘Enhancing the portability of employability skills using e-portfolios’ Journal of Further and Higher Education 39 (6): 862–74.
Siyanbola, W.O., Egbetokun, A.A., Oluseyi, I., Olamade, O.O., Aderemi, H.O. and Sanni, M., 2012, ‘Indigenous technologies and innovation in Nigeria: opportunities for SMEs’, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 2: 64–75.
Spero, J., and Hart, J., 1997, The Politics of International Economic Relations, London: Routledge.
Stiglitz, J.E., 2002, ‘Employment social justice and societal well-being’, International Labour Review 141 (1/2): 9–29.
Stiglitz, J.E., 2007, ‘Regulating multinational corporations: towards principles of cross-border legal frameworks in a globalised world – balancing rights with responsibilities’, American University Law Review 23 (3).
Stopford, J., 1998–1999, ‘Multinational corporations’, Foreign Policy 113: 12–24.