2 - Higher Education in South Africa: Market Mill or Public Good?
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 5 No 1 (2007): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
Cette étude soutient que les tendances actuelles de l’enseignement supérieur n’inci- tent pas les universités à inscrire les étudiants issus des milieux pauvres et entraî- nent la reproduction continuelle d’un système très élitiste. La perception de la réus- site sur le marché, l’amenuisement des fonds alloués à l’enseignement et le discours sur l’efficience et la compétitivité ont mis sur la touche les engagements antérieurs pris en faveur de l’accès, de l’équité et d’une véritable transformation. Ces évolu- tions suivent une utopie du marché mondial qui considère l’enseignement supérieur comme une marchandise, en insistant sur un nouveau modèle de gestion encouragé par «les notions de concurrence, de privatisation et de consommation imposées par le marché qui adoptent les modèles de gestion des entreprises afin de réduire les coûts et de maximiser les profits» (Baatjes 2005:29). L’attention est attirée sur l’ur- gence des tâches nécessaires pour empêcher une transformation plus poussée des établissements d’enseignement supérieur en entreprises. Les promesses non tenues de la part de l’État et l’importance des tâches en perspective peuvent se traduire par une tentation au désespoir de la part de ceux qui conçoivent un système d’enseigne- ment supérieur différent. L’empiètement du néo-libéralisme, des marchés et de l’in- dividualisme sur la justice sociale, la communauté et la solidarité engendre de nou- veaux impératifs sur le plan moral. Cela rentre dans le «cadre d’une reconsidération plus générale de l’enseignement en tant que domaine de pratique éthique – une marchandisation de l’enseignement et des valeurs, ce qui nous permet de négliger systématiquement les résultats de la politique et des pratiques – une démoralisation de la société» (Ball 2003:25). Dans cette situation, l’enseignement se transforme en une possibilité lucrative pour le capital offerte par le marché. Toutefois, s’inspirant de son discours-programme prononcé lors du 12ème Congrès mondial sur l’Ensei- gnement comparé à la Havane, à Cuba, l’auteur plaide en faveur de la culture de l’espoir conjointement avec la conviction selon laquelle il y a de la place pour l’action sociale. Il conclut en affirmant que ceci est fondamental, puisque l’éduca- tion pour le bien de tous est trop importante pour être laissée entre les mains des entreprises, et soumise aux caprices et aux vicissitudes du marché.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Baatjes, I., 2005, ‘Neoliberal Fatalism and the Corporatisation of Higher Educa- tion in South Africa, Education as Market Fantasy or Education as a Public Good?’ in S. Vally, ed., Quarterly Review of Education and Training. Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 25–33.
- Ball, S.J., 2003, Professorial Lecture. The More Things Change: Education Re- search, Social Class and Interlocking Inequalities, Institute of Education, Uni- versity of London.
- Barlow, M. and Robertson, H.J., 1996, ‘The Homogenisation of Education’, in J. Mander and E. Goldsmith, eds., The Case Against the Global Economy, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. pp. 60 70.
- Burbules, N. and Torres, C.A., 2000, Globalisation and Education: Critical Per- spectives, London: Routledge.
- Chisholm L., Motala, S. and Vally, S., eds., 2003, South African Education Policy Review, Sandown: Heinemann.
- Crossley, M. and Jarvis, P., 2001, ‘Context Matters’, Comparative Education, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 405–408.
- Davies, B., 2005, ‘The (Im)possibility of Intellectual Work in Neoliberal Regimes’, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1– 14.
- GATS Watch, 2002, (www.GATSwatch.org). November 2006.
- Grossman, Jonathan, 2006, ‘World Bank Thinking, World Class Institutions, Deni- grated Workers’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post- Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. pp. 93–105.
- Hill, D., 2004, ‘Educational Perversion and Global Neo-Liberalism: A Marxist Cri- tique’, Cultural Logic. (http://eserver.org/clogic/2004/hill.html). November 2006. Jansen, Jonathan, 2006, ‘ Accounting for Autonomy’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. pp. 11–21.
- Kincheloe, J.L. and McLaren, P.L., 1998, ‘Rethinking Critical Theory and Qualita- tive Research’, in N.K. Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln, eds., The Landscape of Quali- tative Research: Theories and Issues, Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publi- cation. pp. 260–299.
- Koen, C., Cele, M., and Libhaber, A., 2006, ‘Student Activism and Student Exclu- sions in South Africa’, International Journal of Educational Development, No. 26, pp. 404–414.
- Mandel E., 1972, ‘The Changing Role of the Bourgeois University’, in T. Pateman, ed., Counter Course, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, pp. 15–24.
- Nash, Andrew, 2006, ‘Restructuring South African Universities’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. pp. 1–10.
- Pendlebury, James, and van der Walt, Lucien, 2006, ‘Neoliberalism, Bureaucracy and Resistance at Wits University’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. Pp. 79- 92.
- Pithouse, R., ed., 2006, Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press.
- Rikowski, G., 2002, ‘Globalisation and Education’, Unpublished paper prepared for the House of Lords. Select Committee on Economic Affairs, Inquiry into the Global Economy, London.
- Shivji, I., 2005, ‘“Whither University”, Education as Market Fantasy or Education as a Public Good?’ in S. Vally, ed., Quarterly Review of Education and Train- ing, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 34–36.
- Shumar, W., 1997, College for Sale: A Critique of the Commodification of Higher Education, London: Falmer Press.
- Sinclair, S and Grieshaber-Otto, 2002, Facing the Facts: A Guide to the GATS Debate, Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
- Southall, Roger, and Cobbing, Julian, 2006, ‘From Racial Liberalism to Corporate Authoritarianism’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post- Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. pp. 39–49.
- Stromquist, N.P., 2002, ‘New Directions in Comparative and International Educa- tion: Globalisation, the I, and the Other’, Current Issues in Comparative Edu- cation, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.87-94. (www.tc.columbia.edu/CICE/Archives/4.2/42stromquist.pdf).
Les références
Baatjes, I., 2005, ‘Neoliberal Fatalism and the Corporatisation of Higher Educa- tion in South Africa, Education as Market Fantasy or Education as a Public Good?’ in S. Vally, ed., Quarterly Review of Education and Training. Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 25–33.
Ball, S.J., 2003, Professorial Lecture. The More Things Change: Education Re- search, Social Class and Interlocking Inequalities, Institute of Education, Uni- versity of London.
Barlow, M. and Robertson, H.J., 1996, ‘The Homogenisation of Education’, in J. Mander and E. Goldsmith, eds., The Case Against the Global Economy, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. pp. 60 70.
Burbules, N. and Torres, C.A., 2000, Globalisation and Education: Critical Per- spectives, London: Routledge.
Chisholm L., Motala, S. and Vally, S., eds., 2003, South African Education Policy Review, Sandown: Heinemann.
Crossley, M. and Jarvis, P., 2001, ‘Context Matters’, Comparative Education, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 405–408.
Davies, B., 2005, ‘The (Im)possibility of Intellectual Work in Neoliberal Regimes’, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1– 14.
GATS Watch, 2002, (www.GATSwatch.org). November 2006.
Grossman, Jonathan, 2006, ‘World Bank Thinking, World Class Institutions, Deni- grated Workers’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post- Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. pp. 93–105.
Hill, D., 2004, ‘Educational Perversion and Global Neo-Liberalism: A Marxist Cri- tique’, Cultural Logic. (http://eserver.org/clogic/2004/hill.html). November 2006. Jansen, Jonathan, 2006, ‘ Accounting for Autonomy’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. pp. 11–21.
Kincheloe, J.L. and McLaren, P.L., 1998, ‘Rethinking Critical Theory and Qualita- tive Research’, in N.K. Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln, eds., The Landscape of Quali- tative Research: Theories and Issues, Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publi- cation. pp. 260–299.
Koen, C., Cele, M., and Libhaber, A., 2006, ‘Student Activism and Student Exclu- sions in South Africa’, International Journal of Educational Development, No. 26, pp. 404–414.
Mandel E., 1972, ‘The Changing Role of the Bourgeois University’, in T. Pateman, ed., Counter Course, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, pp. 15–24.
Nash, Andrew, 2006, ‘Restructuring South African Universities’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. pp. 1–10.
Pendlebury, James, and van der Walt, Lucien, 2006, ‘Neoliberalism, Bureaucracy and Resistance at Wits University’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. Pp. 79- 92.
Pithouse, R., ed., 2006, Asinamali: University Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press.
Rikowski, G., 2002, ‘Globalisation and Education’, Unpublished paper prepared for the House of Lords. Select Committee on Economic Affairs, Inquiry into the Global Economy, London.
Shivji, I., 2005, ‘“Whither University”, Education as Market Fantasy or Education as a Public Good?’ in S. Vally, ed., Quarterly Review of Education and Train- ing, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 34–36.
Shumar, W., 1997, College for Sale: A Critique of the Commodification of Higher Education, London: Falmer Press.
Sinclair, S and Grieshaber-Otto, 2002, Facing the Facts: A Guide to the GATS Debate, Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
Southall, Roger, and Cobbing, Julian, 2006, ‘From Racial Liberalism to Corporate Authoritarianism’, in R. Pithouse, ed., Asinamali: University Struggles in Post- Apartheid South Africa, Asmara: Africa World Press. pp. 39–49.
Stromquist, N.P., 2002, ‘New Directions in Comparative and International Educa- tion: Globalisation, the I, and the Other’, Current Issues in Comparative Edu- cation, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.87-94. (www.tc.columbia.edu/CICE/Archives/4.2/42stromquist.pdf).