3 - University Expansion and the Challenges to Social Development in Kenya: Dilemmas and Pitfalls
Corresponding Author(s) : Ibrahim Ogachi Oanda
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 10 No 1 (2012): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
Ces dernières années, l’expansion phénoménale des universités publiques et privées au Kenya a ouvert l’accès à des milliers d’étudiants assoiffés de connaissances. Les universités publiques ont en particulier été contraintes de diversifier leurs programmes, d’établir des horaires d’apprentissage flexibles et de mettre en place des campus éloignés des sites habituels. Mais comment les tendances actuelles de l’enseignement supérieur permettent- elles de mettre en oeuvre des institutions capables d’endiguer l’exclusion sociale et de contribuer au développement social? Dans quelle mesure l’expansion des universités publiques, peut-elle s’accompagner de condi- tions d’équité et de nouvelles manières de traiter d problèmes de classes, de genre et d’ethnicité? De tours d’ivoire à de projets nationaux de développement dont elles ont été singulièrement, les universités se sont dispersées à travers l’Afrique et dans les zones rurales à la fois comme stratégie d’accès plus élargi, et comme entités commerciales. Cette expan- sion n’a cependant pas été le fait du secteur public; elle a été le résultat du secteur privé qui, avec des universités publiques délocalisées dans les zones rurales, agit parfois comme générateur de revenus, en dehors de tout contrôle du secteur public. Cet article retrace ces évolutions au Kenya, en soulignant les nouveaux défis en termes d’équité, de qualité et d’universités qui devraient être, en tant qu’institutions sociales, au centre du développement social. L’article est basé sur une analyse critique de la littérature publiée et grise portant sur les tendances actuelles et les conséquences de l’expansion des universités publiques au Kenya.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Aina, T.A., 2010, ‘Beyond Reforms: The Politics of Higher Education Transformation in Africa’, African Studies Review, 53, Number 1, pp. 21–40.
- Akoojee, S. and Nkomo, M., 2007, ‘Access and Quality in South African Higher Education: The Twin Challenges of Transformation’, South African Journal of Higher Education, 21, pp. 65-68.
- Gibbon T., 2010, AFRICA: Development Aid Must Target Knowledge, http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20100716195041644 Government of Kenya, 2007, ‘Kenya, Vision 2030’, Nairobi: National Economic and Social Council.
- GUNI, 2008, Higher Education in the World 3 – Higher Education: New Challenges and Emerging Roles for Human and Social Development, Great Britain: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Kinyanjui, K., 2007, ‘The Transformation of Higher Education in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities’, paper presented at the ‘Mijadala on Social Policy, Governance and Development in Kenya’. Nairobi. Development Policy Management Forum.
- Kotecha, P., 2006, ‘Interrogating the Role of Higher Education in the Delivery of the MDGs’,Africa Renewal 20, No 2, July 2006, p. 16.
- Mazrui, A., 2008, ‘Are the Universities Being Tribalized?’ Daily Nation, 10 February 2008. http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=25&newsid=57960.
- Mkandawire, T., 2011, ‘Running While other Walk’, Africa Development, Vol. XXXVI, No. 2, 2011:1–36,Dakar: CODESRIA.
- Mohamedbhai, G., 2008, ‘The Contribution of Higher Education to the Millennium Devel- opment Goals’, paper presented at the 4ᵗʰ International Barcelona Conference on Higher Education; New Challenges and Emerging Roles for Human and Social Devel- opment’, Barcelona, 31 March–2 April..
- Nganga, G., 2011, ‘Kenya: Declining Quality Drives Students Overseas’ http://www.universityworldnews.com Oanda, I.O., 2010, ‘African Higher Education in the Context of Internationalization: Altruis- tic Partnerships or Global Academic Pillage; A Review Essay of Damtew Teferra and Jane Knight (eds.)’s ‘Higher Education in Africa: The International Dimension’. In African Review of Books, Vol. 6, No 1, pp. 6-7, ISSN: 0851-7592.
- Olu A. and Kimenyi, M.S., 2011, Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa: Introduction and Overview, Jeune Afrique Economique 20 (suppl 3):iii3-iii13 doi:10.1093/jae/ejr027 Pityana, N. B., 2009, ‘Plenary Address at the UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education’, Paris, 5–8 July.
- Public Universities Inspection Board Report, Kenya, 2006, ‘Transformation of Higher Education in Kenya: Securing Kenya’s Development in the Knowledge Economy’, Nairobi.
- Republic of Kenya, 1981, ‘Report of the Presidential Working Party for the Establishment of the Second University’, (Mackay Report), Nairobi: Government Printer.
- Riechi, A.O.R., 2008, ‘Demand for Academic Programmes Offered in Kenya’s Public Uni- versities and their Relevance to the Labour Market’.
- Salmi, J., 1992, ‘The Higher Education Crisis in Developing Countries: Issues, Problems, Constraints and Reforms’, International Review of Education, 38(1), pp. 19–33.
- Samoff, J. and Carrol, B., 2004, ‘The Promise of Partnership and Continuities of Depend- ence:External Support to Higher Education in Africa’, African Studies Review, 47(1), pp. 67-199.
- Sheehan, H., 2009, ‘Contradictory Transformations: Observations on the Intellectual Dynamics of South African Universities’, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 7(1).
- Tettey, W.J., 2010, ‘Challenges of Developing and Retaining the Next Generation of Academics’: Deficits in Academic Staff Capacity in African Universities’, Partner- ship for Higher Education in Africa.
- Weaver, P. et al., 2000, Sustainable Technology Development, Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.
Les références
Aina, T.A., 2010, ‘Beyond Reforms: The Politics of Higher Education Transformation in Africa’, African Studies Review, 53, Number 1, pp. 21–40.
Akoojee, S. and Nkomo, M., 2007, ‘Access and Quality in South African Higher Education: The Twin Challenges of Transformation’, South African Journal of Higher Education, 21, pp. 65-68.
Gibbon T., 2010, AFRICA: Development Aid Must Target Knowledge, http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20100716195041644 Government of Kenya, 2007, ‘Kenya, Vision 2030’, Nairobi: National Economic and Social Council.
GUNI, 2008, Higher Education in the World 3 – Higher Education: New Challenges and Emerging Roles for Human and Social Development, Great Britain: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kinyanjui, K., 2007, ‘The Transformation of Higher Education in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities’, paper presented at the ‘Mijadala on Social Policy, Governance and Development in Kenya’. Nairobi. Development Policy Management Forum.
Kotecha, P., 2006, ‘Interrogating the Role of Higher Education in the Delivery of the MDGs’,Africa Renewal 20, No 2, July 2006, p. 16.
Mazrui, A., 2008, ‘Are the Universities Being Tribalized?’ Daily Nation, 10 February 2008. http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=25&newsid=57960.
Mkandawire, T., 2011, ‘Running While other Walk’, Africa Development, Vol. XXXVI, No. 2, 2011:1–36,Dakar: CODESRIA.
Mohamedbhai, G., 2008, ‘The Contribution of Higher Education to the Millennium Devel- opment Goals’, paper presented at the 4ᵗʰ International Barcelona Conference on Higher Education; New Challenges and Emerging Roles for Human and Social Devel- opment’, Barcelona, 31 March–2 April..
Nganga, G., 2011, ‘Kenya: Declining Quality Drives Students Overseas’ http://www.universityworldnews.com Oanda, I.O., 2010, ‘African Higher Education in the Context of Internationalization: Altruis- tic Partnerships or Global Academic Pillage; A Review Essay of Damtew Teferra and Jane Knight (eds.)’s ‘Higher Education in Africa: The International Dimension’. In African Review of Books, Vol. 6, No 1, pp. 6-7, ISSN: 0851-7592.
Olu A. and Kimenyi, M.S., 2011, Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa: Introduction and Overview, Jeune Afrique Economique 20 (suppl 3):iii3-iii13 doi:10.1093/jae/ejr027 Pityana, N. B., 2009, ‘Plenary Address at the UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education’, Paris, 5–8 July.
Public Universities Inspection Board Report, Kenya, 2006, ‘Transformation of Higher Education in Kenya: Securing Kenya’s Development in the Knowledge Economy’, Nairobi.
Republic of Kenya, 1981, ‘Report of the Presidential Working Party for the Establishment of the Second University’, (Mackay Report), Nairobi: Government Printer.
Riechi, A.O.R., 2008, ‘Demand for Academic Programmes Offered in Kenya’s Public Uni- versities and their Relevance to the Labour Market’.
Salmi, J., 1992, ‘The Higher Education Crisis in Developing Countries: Issues, Problems, Constraints and Reforms’, International Review of Education, 38(1), pp. 19–33.
Samoff, J. and Carrol, B., 2004, ‘The Promise of Partnership and Continuities of Depend- ence:External Support to Higher Education in Africa’, African Studies Review, 47(1), pp. 67-199.
Sheehan, H., 2009, ‘Contradictory Transformations: Observations on the Intellectual Dynamics of South African Universities’, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 7(1).
Tettey, W.J., 2010, ‘Challenges of Developing and Retaining the Next Generation of Academics’: Deficits in Academic Staff Capacity in African Universities’, Partner- ship for Higher Education in Africa.
Weaver, P. et al., 2000, Sustainable Technology Development, Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.