10 - Race and Opportunity in the Transition from School to Higher Education in South Africa
Corresponding Author(s) : Michael Cosser
Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique,
Vol. 7 No 1-2 (2009): Revue de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique
Résumé
Alors que l’Afrique du Sud est bien dans sa deuxième décennie de démocratie, les opportunités de l’enseignement supérieur dans le pays restent différentes selon les races. Les apprenants noirs Africains ne sont pas représentés dans le profil d’inscription (l’admission d’élèves qui terminent l’école pour passer directement à l’enseignement supérieur) en première année de l’enseignement supérieur, soit par rapport à leur représentation dans la population en général ou à leurs aspirations pour l’entrée dans l’enseignement supérieur. Ceci émerge en grande partie d’une triangulation des résultats de deux études sur les aspirations des élèves de terminale pour l’enseignement supérieur, menées en 2001 et 2005, avec des analyses des profils d’inscription du Système d’information de gestion de l’enseignement supérieur (HEMIS) en 2002 et 2006. Le fait que l’aspiration en 2001–02, la disjonction de l’inscription, se soit reproduite dans l’étude de 2005-06 confirme par ailleurs la lenteur de la transformation de l’éducation dans le nouvel ordre démocratique. La principale conclusion tirée de la juxtaposition de ces deux études est que la discrimination, tout en n’étant pas ouverte, reste ancrée dans les cycles de l’éducation en Afrique du Sud en raison de l’écart des opportunités offertes aux apprenants des différentes races ; des opportunités qui sont largement fonction du statut socio-économique (SES) et de l’écart des horizons d’action que le SES ouvre pour les apprenants.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
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- Aguero, J.M., 2005, Negative Stereotypes and Willingness to Change Them: Test- ing Theories of Discrimination, Working paper, Riverside: Department of Eco- nomics, University of California.
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- Council on Higher Education, 2000, Towards a New Higher Education Landscape: Meeting the Equity, Quality and Social Development Imperatives of South Africa in the 21ˢᵗ Century. Pretoria: CHE.
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- Department of Education, 2002b, Table 2.12 (2ND ORDER CESM) Headcount of Unduplicated Student Enrolments According to CESM Category of Major(s)/ Area of Specialisation and Qualification Type.
- Institution: Technikons, HEMIS Database. Pretoria: DoE.
- Department of Education, 2004, Senior Certificate Examination Database. Pretoria: DoE.
- Department of Education, 2007, Table 2.12 (2ND ORDER CESM) Headcount of Unduplicated Student Enrolments According to CESM Category of Major(s)/Area of Specialisation and Qualification Type’ HEMIS Database. Pretoria: DoE.
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- Knowles, L.L. and Prewitt, K., eds, 1969, Institutional Racism in America. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
- Paulsen, M., 1990, College Choice: Understanding Student Enrollment Behaviour. Washington, D.C. : ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education and George Washington University.
- Republic of South Africa, 1995, South African Qualifications Authority Act (Act No. 58 of 1995). Pretoria: Government Printer.
- Republic of South Africa, 1996, South African Schools Act (Act No. 84 of 1996). Pretoria: Government Printer.
- Republic of South Africa, 1997, Higher Education Act (Act No. 101 of 1997). Pretoria: Government Printer.
- Republic of South Africa, 1998, Further Education and Training Act (Act No. 98 of 1998). Pretoria: Government Printer.
- Republic of South Africa, 2000, Adult Basic Education and Training Act (Act No. 53 of 2000). Pretoria: Government Printer.
- Republic of South Africa, 2006, Further Education and Training Colleges Act (Act No.16 of 2006). Pretoria: Government Printer.
- Scarman, Lord Justice, 1981, The Brixton Disorders 10–12 April 1981. Cmnd 8427.London: Home Office.
- Schneider, B. and Stevenson, D., 1999, The Ambitious Generation: America’s Teenagers, Motivated but Directionless, New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press. Statistics South Africa, 2001, Census in Brief. Report no. 03-02-03 (2001). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
- Statistics South Africa, 2006, Mid-year Population Estimates, South Africa 2006.
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Les références
Abramovitz, M., 1986, Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind, Journal of Economic History, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 385–406.
Aguero, J.M., 2005, Negative Stereotypes and Willingness to Change Them: Test- ing Theories of Discrimination, Working paper, Riverside: Department of Eco- nomics, University of California.
Blank, R.M., Dabady, M. and Citro, C.M., eds, 2004, Measuring Racial Discrimina- tion. Panel on Methods for Assessing Discrimination, National Research Coun- cil. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.
Blauner, R., 1972, Racial Oppression in America. New York: Harper & Row.
Bourdieu, P., 1986, The Forms of Capital. In Richardson, J., ed., Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press, pp. 241–258.
Bourdieu, P. and Passeron, J-C. 1973, Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduc- tion’ In Brown, R.K., ed., Knowledge, Education and Cultural Change. Lon- don: Tavistock, pp. 71–112.
Bunting, I., 2002a,The Higher Education Landscape under Apartheid, in Cloete, N., Fehnel, R., Maassen, P., Moja, T., Perrold, H. and Gibbon, T., eds, Transformation in Higher Education: Global Pressures and Local Realities in South Af- rica. Landsdowne, Cape: Juta and Sunnyside, Pretoria: Centre for Higher Edu- cation Transformation, pp. 58–86.
Bunting, I., 2002b, Students, in Cloete, N., Fehnel, R., Maassen, P., Moja, T., Perrold, H. and Gibbon, T., eds, Transformation in Higher Education: Global Pressures and Local Realities in South Africa. Landsdowne, Cape: Juta and Sunnyside, Pretoria: Centre for Higher Education Transformation, pp. 147–170.
Carmichael, S. and Hamilton, C., 1967, Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America.Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers Inc.
Cosser, M. with du Toit, J., 2002, From School to Higher Education? Factors Affecting the Choices of Grade 12 Learners. Cape Town: HSRC Publishers.
Cosser, M., 2009, Studying Ambitions: Pathways from Grade 12 and the Factors that Shape Them. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
Council on Higher Education, 2000, Towards a New Higher Education Landscape: Meeting the Equity, Quality and Social Development Imperatives of South Africa in the 21ˢᵗ Century. Pretoria: CHE.
Darity, W.A.J. and Mason, P.L., 1998, Evidence on Discrimination in Employment: Codes of Color, Codes of Gender, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 63–90.
Department of Education, 2000, Senior Certificate Examination Database. Pretoria: DoE.
Department of Education, 2001, National Plan for Higher Education. Pretoria: DoE. Department of Education, 2002a, Table 2.12 (2ND ORDER CESM) Headcount of Unduplicated Student Enrolments According to CESM Category of Major(s)/ Area of Specialisation and Qualification Type. Institution: Universities, HEMIS Database. Pretoria: DoE.
Department of Education, 2002b, Table 2.12 (2ND ORDER CESM) Headcount of Unduplicated Student Enrolments According to CESM Category of Major(s)/ Area of Specialisation and Qualification Type.
Institution: Technikons, HEMIS Database. Pretoria: DoE.
Department of Education, 2004, Senior Certificate Examination Database. Pretoria: DoE.
Department of Education, 2007, Table 2.12 (2ND ORDER CESM) Headcount of Unduplicated Student Enrolments According to CESM Category of Major(s)/Area of Specialisation and Qualification Type’ HEMIS Database. Pretoria: DoE.
Gillborn, D., 1999, Race, Nation and Education: New Labour and the New Racism, in J. Demaine, ed., Education Policy and Contemporary Politics. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, pp. 82–102.
Hossler, D., Braxton, J.M. and Coopersmith, G., 1989, Understanding Student College Choice, in Smart, J.C., ed., Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, Vol. V. New York: Agathon Press.
Jones, J., 1972, Prejudice and Racism. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Knowles, L.L. and Prewitt, K., eds, 1969, Institutional Racism in America. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Paulsen, M., 1990, College Choice: Understanding Student Enrollment Behaviour. Washington, D.C. : ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education and George Washington University.
Republic of South Africa, 1995, South African Qualifications Authority Act (Act No. 58 of 1995). Pretoria: Government Printer.
Republic of South Africa, 1996, South African Schools Act (Act No. 84 of 1996). Pretoria: Government Printer.
Republic of South Africa, 1997, Higher Education Act (Act No. 101 of 1997). Pretoria: Government Printer.
Republic of South Africa, 1998, Further Education and Training Act (Act No. 98 of 1998). Pretoria: Government Printer.
Republic of South Africa, 2000, Adult Basic Education and Training Act (Act No. 53 of 2000). Pretoria: Government Printer.
Republic of South Africa, 2006, Further Education and Training Colleges Act (Act No.16 of 2006). Pretoria: Government Printer.
Scarman, Lord Justice, 1981, The Brixton Disorders 10–12 April 1981. Cmnd 8427.London: Home Office.
Schneider, B. and Stevenson, D., 1999, The Ambitious Generation: America’s Teenagers, Motivated but Directionless, New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press. Statistics South Africa, 2001, Census in Brief. Report no. 03-02-03 (2001). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
Statistics South Africa, 2006, Mid-year Population Estimates, South Africa 2006.
Statistical Release P0302. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.