7 - Women and Conflict Management in Selected Market Places in Southwestern Nigeria
Corresponding Author(s) : Molatokunbo Seunfunmi A. Olutayo
Afrique et développement,
Vol. 39 No 3 (2014): Afrique et développement
Résumé
La plupart des marchés en Afrique sont de type informel dans lesquels les femmes sont, peut-être, les acteurs les plus importants. Depuis la période précoloniale, les femmes, même si elles sont sous le contrôle indirect de leurs homologues masculins, sont les « femmes du marché » responsables tant de l’achat que de la vente. Que les hommes vendent leurs produits eux-mêmes n’est guère une norme acceptée, et les hommes « responsables » ne sont pas non plus censés acheter eux-mêmes ce dont ils ont besoin au marché. À ce jour, ce sont encore des pratiques courantes étant donné que les femmes, d’une certaine manière, dominent les activités sur le marché informel. Par conséquent, ces femmes sont des acteurs importants dans la gestion des conflits au sein des marchés. Cependant, peu d’attention a été accordée à une analyse approfondie de ce rôle primordial des femmes en matière de gestion des conflits au sein des marchés. Cet article tente de mener une évaluation critique de la façon dont la paix est maintenue au sein des marchés, grâce à la courtoisie des « femmes de marché ». Grâce à une triangulation de méthodologies de recherche quantitatives et qualitatives impliquant l’utilisation de données secondaires et primaires, cette étude révèle les causes fondamentales de conflit au sein des marchés, et le processus de consolidation de la paix par les femmes. L’article pose comme principe que la négligence des femmes dans la gestion des conflits au sein des marchés est synonyme de négation de la paix dans toute société.
Mots-clés
Télécharger la référence bibliographique
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Adesoji, A., O.T., Hassan and N.O., Arogundade, 2012, ‘Contest, Conflict and the Crown in Ife Politics’, in Albert, I.O., ed., A History of Social Conflict and Conflict Management in Nigeria: A Festschrift for Prof. Biodun Adediran, Ibadan: Institute of African Studies and John Archers.
- Afonja, S., 1990, ‘Changing Patterns of Gender Stratification in West Africa’, in A. Tinker, ed., Persistent Inequalities, New York: Women and Development.
- Albert, I.O., 2001, Introduction to Third- Party Intervention in Community Conflict, Ibadan: John Archers Publishers Ltd.
- Alper, S., Tjosvold, D., and Law, K.S., 2000, ‘Conflict Management, Efficacy, and Performance in Organizational Teams’, Personnel Psychology, 53, 427.
- Bodtker, A.M. and Jameson, J. K., 2001, ‘Emotion in Conflict Formation and its Transformation: Application to Organizational Conflict Management’, The International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 12, No. 3.
- Brydon, L. and Chant, S., 1989, Women in the Third World: Gender Issues in Rural and Urban Areas, England, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
- Chen, M.J., Vanek, F. et al., 2005, Progress of the World’s Women; Women, Work and Poverty, UN Development Fund for Women, UNIFEM, New York. Coser, L.A., 1967, Continuities in the Study of Social Conflict, New York: Free Press.
- Cauldron, S., 2000, ‘Keeping Team Conflict Alive: Conflict Can Be a Good Thing, Here’s What You Can Do to Make the Most of this Creative Force’, Public Management, 82, 5-9.
- Cutrifelli, M.R., 1983, Women of Africa: Roots of Oppression, London: Zed Book Ltd.
- De Church, L.A, and Marks, M.A., 2001, ‘Maximizing the Benefits of Task Conflict: The Role of Conflict Management’, The International Journal of Conflict Management, 12.
- Deutsch, M., 1949, ‘A Theory of Cooperation and Competition’, Human Relations, 2, 129-151.
- Eades, J., 1980, The Yoruba Today, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2006, National Gender Policy, Federal Ministry of Women’s Affairs and Social Development.
- Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2010, Millennium Development Goals Report, Abuja: National Planning Commission.
- Fraser, N., 1997, ‘From redistribution to recognition? Dilemmas of justice in a post- socialist age’, in Nancy Fraser, ed., Justice Interrupts; Critical Reflections on the Post-socialist Condition, Routledge, New York and London.
- Guyer, J., 1980, Changing Nuptiality in a Nigerian Community, Boston University: African Studies Centre.
- Heintz, J., 2009, ‘Employment, Economic Development and Poverty Reduction, Critical issues and Policy Challenges’, Background Paper for UNRISD Report on Combating Poverty and Inequality.
- Horn, Z., 2009, ‘No Cushion to Fall back on: The Global Economic Crisis and informal Workers’, Women in informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing, WIESGO//Inclusive Cities Studies, www.adb.org/Documents/Events/2009/ poverty-social-Development/P3-women-informal-economy.Horn-paper.pdf, accessed 29 December 2011.
- International Labour Organization, 2008, Global Employment Trends for Women, March, Geneva, International Labour Office.
- International Labour Organization, 2012, Global Employment Trends for Women, Geneva, International Labour Office.
- Kuhn, T. and Poole, M.S., 2000, ‘Do Conflict Management Styles Affect Group Decision Making?’, Human Communication Research, 26.
- March, K. and Taggie, R., 1996, Women’s Informal Associations in Developing Countries, Catalysts for Change, London and Boulder, Westview Press. Nwaka, G., 2005, ‘The Urban Informal Sector in Nigeria: Towards Economic Development, Environmental Health and Social Harmony’, Global Urban Development Magazine, Vol.1, Issue 1.
- Nilesan, P. and Harries-White, B., 2004, ‘Life- Chances; Development and Female Disadvantage’, in, Barbara Harries, W., and Janakarajan, S., eds., Rural India facing the Twenty-First Century, London: Anthem Press.
- Odubogun, K., 1996, ‘Economic Empowerment of Women’, in Erinosho, L., et al., eds, Women’s Empowerment and Reproductive Health, Ibadan. Book Craft. Rahim, M., 1992, Managing Conflict in Organizations, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2nd Ed.
- Rahim, M., 2002, ‘Towards a Theory of Managing Organizational Conflict’, The International Journal of Conflict Management, 13, 206-235.
- Rahim, M., Bonona, T., 1979, ‘Managing Organization Conflicts: A model for Diagnosing and Intervention’, Psychological Reports, 44, 1323 - 1344.
- Robbins, S., 1998, Organizational Behaviour, New Jersey Simon and Schuster. Sen, G. and Careen, G., 1983, Development, Crisis and Alternative Visions, Third World Women’s Perspectives, New York: Monthly Review.
- Shapiro, D., 2000, ‘Do Justice Perceptions Influence Styles of Handling Conflict with Supervisors? What Justice Perceptions Precisely?’, International Journal of Conflict Management, 11, 9-31.
- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2010, ‘Gender Inequalities at Home and in the Market’, in Combating Poverty and Inequality: Structural Change, Social Policy and Politics, Geneva, UNRISD.
- Wall, J. and Callister, R., 1995, ‘Conflict and its Management’, Journal of Management, 21 (3).
Les références
Adesoji, A., O.T., Hassan and N.O., Arogundade, 2012, ‘Contest, Conflict and the Crown in Ife Politics’, in Albert, I.O., ed., A History of Social Conflict and Conflict Management in Nigeria: A Festschrift for Prof. Biodun Adediran, Ibadan: Institute of African Studies and John Archers.
Afonja, S., 1990, ‘Changing Patterns of Gender Stratification in West Africa’, in A. Tinker, ed., Persistent Inequalities, New York: Women and Development.
Albert, I.O., 2001, Introduction to Third- Party Intervention in Community Conflict, Ibadan: John Archers Publishers Ltd.
Alper, S., Tjosvold, D., and Law, K.S., 2000, ‘Conflict Management, Efficacy, and Performance in Organizational Teams’, Personnel Psychology, 53, 427.
Bodtker, A.M. and Jameson, J. K., 2001, ‘Emotion in Conflict Formation and its Transformation: Application to Organizational Conflict Management’, The International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 12, No. 3.
Brydon, L. and Chant, S., 1989, Women in the Third World: Gender Issues in Rural and Urban Areas, England, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
Chen, M.J., Vanek, F. et al., 2005, Progress of the World’s Women; Women, Work and Poverty, UN Development Fund for Women, UNIFEM, New York. Coser, L.A., 1967, Continuities in the Study of Social Conflict, New York: Free Press.
Cauldron, S., 2000, ‘Keeping Team Conflict Alive: Conflict Can Be a Good Thing, Here’s What You Can Do to Make the Most of this Creative Force’, Public Management, 82, 5-9.
Cutrifelli, M.R., 1983, Women of Africa: Roots of Oppression, London: Zed Book Ltd.
De Church, L.A, and Marks, M.A., 2001, ‘Maximizing the Benefits of Task Conflict: The Role of Conflict Management’, The International Journal of Conflict Management, 12.
Deutsch, M., 1949, ‘A Theory of Cooperation and Competition’, Human Relations, 2, 129-151.
Eades, J., 1980, The Yoruba Today, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2006, National Gender Policy, Federal Ministry of Women’s Affairs and Social Development.
Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2010, Millennium Development Goals Report, Abuja: National Planning Commission.
Fraser, N., 1997, ‘From redistribution to recognition? Dilemmas of justice in a post- socialist age’, in Nancy Fraser, ed., Justice Interrupts; Critical Reflections on the Post-socialist Condition, Routledge, New York and London.
Guyer, J., 1980, Changing Nuptiality in a Nigerian Community, Boston University: African Studies Centre.
Heintz, J., 2009, ‘Employment, Economic Development and Poverty Reduction, Critical issues and Policy Challenges’, Background Paper for UNRISD Report on Combating Poverty and Inequality.
Horn, Z., 2009, ‘No Cushion to Fall back on: The Global Economic Crisis and informal Workers’, Women in informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing, WIESGO//Inclusive Cities Studies, www.adb.org/Documents/Events/2009/ poverty-social-Development/P3-women-informal-economy.Horn-paper.pdf, accessed 29 December 2011.
International Labour Organization, 2008, Global Employment Trends for Women, March, Geneva, International Labour Office.
International Labour Organization, 2012, Global Employment Trends for Women, Geneva, International Labour Office.
Kuhn, T. and Poole, M.S., 2000, ‘Do Conflict Management Styles Affect Group Decision Making?’, Human Communication Research, 26.
March, K. and Taggie, R., 1996, Women’s Informal Associations in Developing Countries, Catalysts for Change, London and Boulder, Westview Press. Nwaka, G., 2005, ‘The Urban Informal Sector in Nigeria: Towards Economic Development, Environmental Health and Social Harmony’, Global Urban Development Magazine, Vol.1, Issue 1.
Nilesan, P. and Harries-White, B., 2004, ‘Life- Chances; Development and Female Disadvantage’, in, Barbara Harries, W., and Janakarajan, S., eds., Rural India facing the Twenty-First Century, London: Anthem Press.
Odubogun, K., 1996, ‘Economic Empowerment of Women’, in Erinosho, L., et al., eds, Women’s Empowerment and Reproductive Health, Ibadan. Book Craft. Rahim, M., 1992, Managing Conflict in Organizations, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2nd Ed.
Rahim, M., 2002, ‘Towards a Theory of Managing Organizational Conflict’, The International Journal of Conflict Management, 13, 206-235.
Rahim, M., Bonona, T., 1979, ‘Managing Organization Conflicts: A model for Diagnosing and Intervention’, Psychological Reports, 44, 1323 - 1344.
Robbins, S., 1998, Organizational Behaviour, New Jersey Simon and Schuster. Sen, G. and Careen, G., 1983, Development, Crisis and Alternative Visions, Third World Women’s Perspectives, New York: Monthly Review.
Shapiro, D., 2000, ‘Do Justice Perceptions Influence Styles of Handling Conflict with Supervisors? What Justice Perceptions Precisely?’, International Journal of Conflict Management, 11, 9-31.
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2010, ‘Gender Inequalities at Home and in the Market’, in Combating Poverty and Inequality: Structural Change, Social Policy and Politics, Geneva, UNRISD.
Wall, J. and Callister, R., 1995, ‘Conflict and its Management’, Journal of Management, 21 (3).